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First Nations Werte

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„Die Erde ist das Paradies, und wo du deinen Fuß auch hinsetzt ist heiliges Land.“
WILFRIED PELLETIER (Ojibway)
Für die Indianer Nordamerikas ist die Erde heilig, die nach deren Ansicht dem Großen Geist gehört und dem Menschen nur zur Nutzung geliehen worden ist. Auch die Geschichte der Erde. Diese Geschichte erzählt wie die ersten Menschen entstanden sind und wie jeder Stamm seine Jagdgründe erhielt.
Die Indianer gehen respektvoll mit den Tieren um. Für sie Tiere gleichen Wert und dieselbe Würde wie ihre Jäger. Sie geben dem Menschen Nahrung und Kleidung und sind deshalb Teil der kosmischen Einheit. Auch der Himmel ist Teil dieses Kosmos, in dem die Geister der Sonne, des Mondes, der Sterne, des Windes und des Wassers leben. Aber auch alles in der Natur hat seine Geister. Wenn all diese spirituellen Kräfte in Harmonie zusammenstehen, ist der Kosmos im Gleichgewicht. Nach dem Glauben der Indianer ist aber nur der Mensch in der Lage dieses Gleichgewicht der Natur aufzuheben. Deshalb muß der Mensch in seinem Tun mit größter Vorsicht vorgehen.
Der Große Geist, Vater, Großvater oder Old Man gilt als Schöpfer der Erde und herrscht über allem Lebendigen. Das gesamte menschliche Leben ist für die Indianer heilig. Das menschliche Handeln stand stets mit dem Großen Geist in Verbindung. Der Schöpfer bei den Indianern ist der Vater und die Mutter ist die Erde.
Im Leben der Indianer besaßen Tiere und Menschen eine enge Verbindung. Sie waren vollkommener als der Mensch und wurden deshalb als heilig angesehen. Der Adler war für Indianer, eine Art heiliges Wappentier. Der Adler galt als Symbol der Unantastbarkeit, Glücksbringer neben anderen Tieren und Bote der Gottheit.
Nicht nur Tiere hatten spirituelle Kräfte, sondern auch die heimischen Pflanzen. Der Mais eine heilige Pflanze für die der Maistanz und andere Zeremonien veranstaltet wurden, um die Pflanze zu ehren.
Einer der wichtigsten Gegenstände der Indianer war die Pfeife - auch Calumet genannt. Die heilige Pfeife symbolisierte eine Art Schutzschild, da mit ihr auch Grenzen zu Feinden überschritten wurden. Das Rauchen des Calumets war wichtiger Bestandteil bei feierlichen Zeremonien. Selbst der aufsteigende Rauch war heilig, da er einen mystischen Verbindungsweg zum Großen Geist darstellte.
Die in Zeremonien und Ritualen vorkommenden Gesänge waren ebenfalls heilig. Ein solches Lied wurde einem Krieger gelehrt, wenn er keine Visionen oder Träume hatte und deshalb nicht mit überirdischen oder tierischen Wesen in Verbindung treten konnte und deshalb keinen Schutzgeist erhielt.

Er mußte sich dann ein heiliges Bündel von einem erfolgreicheren Krieger anfertigen lassen. Das heilige Bündel war eine Art Talisman eines Kriegers, das ihm vor Unheil bewahren sollte.

Was ist Indianern heute noch heilig?
Diese Frage richtig zu beantworten, ist nicht ganz einfach.
Viele der Glaubensvorstellungen und heiligen Zeremonien leben weiter und sind Teil ihrer kulturellen Identität, jedoch haben einige ihre Bedeutung teilweise oder ganz verloren, da die Einflüsse der Zivilisation vorherrschen.
In den Indianer-Reservationen entstehen seit einiger Zeit Feriencamps und Spielcasinos. In Indianercamps wird Urlaubern das Reiten, Angeln, Wandern etc. angeboten. Es werden Powwows (treffen zum singen, tanzen und Kontakte zu knüfen,)Adlertänze etc. zur Schau gestellt oder Indianer sind bei Rodeos und Paraden anwesend und treten in prachtvollem Federschmuck und reichverzierter Lederkleidung auf.
Aber das Bewußtsein der Indianer in Richtung der Verbundenheit zur Natur hat sich nicht geändert. Auch heute steht die Verehrung der Umwelt im Mittelpunkt, die Landschaft gilt als heilig und wird als Quelle der Identität und Kraft gepriesen. Werte gleich, Umgang und wie man sie lebt haben sich geändert

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