...desires and childhood instances influences individual behaviors. Also, in his studies he concluded that these behaviors were caused by psychosexual stages. Today, his theories are still being used for current studies, however, other psychologist believe that his theories may have been flawed. Carl Jung concluded that the mind is separated into three components that consist of the collective unconscious, the conscious ego, and the personal unconscious. Alfred Adler used his illness to implement the psychoanalytic theories in which he provided greater detail in examples. The two characteristics that I agree with are structure of mind and reality principle. The structure of mind refers to ID, Ego, and Superego. All three components are suppose to work together in order for a person to have a well developed mind however, the ID and superego have a hard time working together. The ID is made of what a person needs. For an example, as an infant they become upset or uncomfortable and act off of instinct. They will cry out in discomfort. If kept in discomfort they will cry out louder to get the attention of someone so that a need is met. The Ego is a more advanced portion of the mind and it compromises. The Ego understands that not everything will go the way in which we want it to go so it works with the ID and Superego to find a medium. The superego is a conscience. There is one characteristic that I have found insufficient because Freud does not discuss it in greater detail which is...
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...CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE This chapter presents the background of the study; the theoretical and conceptual frameworks; statements of the problem; the hypothesis; significance of the study; the scope and limitations of the study; and the conceptual definition of terms. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY College is a unique socialization experience. It’s the time when an individual is able to figure out who he or she is, as well as the type of friends he or she wants in his or her life. While intramurals, clubs, athletics, and dorm-life are common ways of socializing, joining Greek-life –Fraternity or Sorority– is also popular among college students. Fraternities and sororities provide many benefits to students such as leadership opportunities, participation in college activities, friendships and extended connections with other chapters around the nation. Although popular, induction into Greek organizations has become a problem because of the practice of hazing. As in many instances where new members are indoctrinated into an established organization there exists an imbalance of power. Various definitions exist to describe behaviors such as hazing and bullying but most emphasize “the continuity of harassment over time and the imbalance of power between the bullies and the victims.” (Adams, 1992; Leyman, 1990) This imbalance of power has the potential to create opportunities for abuse. Frequently this abuse manifests itself in the form of hazing. Hazing is defined as “…any...
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...Freud’s Work “Sigmund Freud’s work and theories helped shape our views of childhood, personality, memory, sexuality and therapy. Other major thinkers have contributed work that grew out of Freud's legacy, while others developed new theories out of opposition to his ideas.”(Cherry, 2011). Freud’s major theories included the id, ego, and super ego, the conscience and unconscious, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. Id, Ego, and Superego The id, ego, and superego are what are known as the three components to the personality. The id shows itself from the moment one is born. It is the spoiled brat of the personality and driven by the pleasure principle. The id wants what it wants and it wants it immediately. While this aspect of personality is quite important during the years directly after birth so as the baby can get his or her needs met, if it is not overcome it can become socially crippling as the person grows into an older child and the an adult. The ego deals with reality.” According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world.” (Cherry, 2011). The id and the ego are related but the ego tries to satisfy the needs of the id in more mature and acceptable ways. The superego is the final part of personality. “The superego is the aspect of personality that holds all of our internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from both parents and society--our sense of...
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...Psychology, but art, literature and even the way people bring up their children. The Psychodynamic approach is concerned with the influence of the unconscious mind – that is the mental process of which we are not consciously aware – on the feelings, thinking and behavior of the individual. It is one of the older approaches to Psychology having been developed as far back as the 1890s. Sigmund Freud developed a collection of ideas mainly on how the unconscious mind works. It holds that our early experiences of relationships with significant people such as our parents during the first five years of child development remain in the unconscious. Thus affecting the way we perceive situations in later life. Freud believed that the unconscious determines our behaviors and that we are motivated by unconscious emotional drives which are shaped by unresolved conflicts from our childhood experiences. For example, a child exposed to abuse during 1- 5 years of development will have an unstable personality compared to a child who wasn't exposed to abuse. Freud (1923) later developed a more structural model of the mind, the psychic apparatus, comprising the entities id, ego and superego which are rather hypothetical conceptualizations of important mental functions. In saying this, according to Freud, the mind can be seen as being similar to an iceberg with only the very tip being exposed and the bulk of the ice berg being unseen. Freud assumed the id operated at an unconscious level (beneath the...
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...Sigmund Freud PSY/405 Sigmund Freud Personality Overview While Sigmund Freud’s theories were and still are extremely controversial and highly criticized, he was one of the most influential psychologists of his time. Freud’s theory of personality, developmental stages, and defense mechanisms are a few of his contributions to psychology. To further understand Freud is to also understand why his theories are criticized. His contributions and theories have brought up much debate, but have also paved the way for new theories. Theory of Personality Structure “Freud’s greatest contribution to personality theory is his exploration of the unconscious and his insistence that people are motivated primarily by drives of which they have little or no awareness” (University of Phoenix, 2009, p. 23). Before the 1920’s, Freud’s model of personality and mental life consisted of the conscious and unconscious mind; which described our thought processes and opened exploration of the unaware mind. Freud believed that people’s behaviors were motivated by things they were unaware of. Freud’s personal experiences, his readings, and exploration of his dreams influenced his understanding of human personality. Through exploration of his dreams, Freud came up with the belief that humans are motivated by things which they are unaware of. For instance, childhood memories that have been suppressed and later cause behaviors that are unexplainable. The suppressed memories are motivations for behaviors...
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...Assessment Among the first to discover psychology were Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each psychologist was an influential thinker, early founder, and contributor to the modern science of psychology. They spent many years doing technical investigations on astronomy, medicine, and laboratory testing in understanding human needs and characteristics. Each man’s philosophy was alike but different. Freud’s philosophy is founded on personality, conscience, desires, needs, natures, and thoughts. Freud studied five stages of personality development that included: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital. All these five stages detect a human’s character from birth to adulthood. According to A+E Television Networks, LLC (1996-2012) “Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Austria. Freud theorized and practiced neuropsychology; he was the first to study Hysteria, and sexuality. Freud studied dreams, which he called the royal road to the unconscious, and laid out the five stages of sexual development. Freud still remains one of the most influential figures in today’s world” (1996-2012). According to A+E Television Networks, LLC (1996-2012) “Carl Jung was born on July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland. Jung believed in complex or emotionally charged associations. Jung collaborated with Freud but disagreed with him about the sexual basis of neuroses. Jung founded analytic psychology, advancing the idea of Introvert and Extravert personalities and the power of the unconscious” (1996-2012)...
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...Swimming with Sharks: Technology Ventures, Defense Mechanisms and Corporate Relationships Riitta Katila Stanford University Jeff D. Rosenberger Nomis Solutions Kathleen M. Eisenhardt Stanford University This paper focuses on the tension that firms face between the need for resources from partners and the potentially damaging misappropriation of their own resources by corporate “sharks.” Taking an entrepreneurial lens, we study this tension at tie formation in corporate investment relationships in five U.S. technology-based industries over a 25-year period. Central to our study is the “sharks” dilemma: when do entrepreneurs choose partners with high potential for misappropriation over less risky partners? Our findings show that entrepreneurs take the risk when they need resources that established firms uniquely provide (i.e., financial and manufacturing) and when they have effective defense mechanisms to protect their own resources (i.e., secrecy and timing). Overall, the findings show that tie formation is a negotiation that depends on resource needs, defense mechanisms, and alternative partners. These findings contribute to the recent renaissance of resource dependence theory and to the discussion on the surprising power of entrepreneurial firms in resource mobilization.• A central question in organization and strategy research is how firms gain resources (Penrose, 1959; Thompson, 1967). In response, researchers have identified several approaches...
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...psychological problems and the third is to understand human behavior better. In exploring the different theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler this paper with compare and agree and disagree with characteristics of research done by the three psychologists. In Freud’s theory an explanation of stages and characteristics of personality of the components used will be described. An understanding of at least three of Freud’s defense mechanisms will be offered in explanation with examples of real-life events. Psychoanalytic personality Assessment The theories found between physiologist Freud, Adler and Jung were interesting when all of the research is compared. Each psychologist spent years doing scientific research on physics, medicine and laboratory research in understanding human behavior and personalities. After comparing information each man’s theory was similar yet different. Freud’s personality theory is based on ego, superego, and the unconsciousness of human behavior, for example impulse, wishing, desires, instincts, and dreams. Freud analyzed five stages of personality development that includes oral, anal,...
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...According to Morris and Maisto (1998), the psychoanalytic theory begins with Freud’s discovery of the unconscious-all the ideas, thoughts and feelings of which an individual is not normally aware of. These ideas of Freud form the basis of psychoanalysis, a term that encompasses both his theory of personality and the form of therapy he invented. Morris and Maisto further explain that according to Freud, human behavior is based on unconscious instincts or drives and that some instinct are aggressive and destructive which he called thanatos and others such as hunger, thirst self preservation and sex which he called libido are necessary to the survival of a species. However, it is important to understand that Freud used the term sexual instincts to refer to not only erotic sexuality but also to the desire for virtually any form of pleasure. Thus in this broad sense Freud regarded the sexual instinct as the most critical fact in the development of personality. Holland (1995) explains further that Freud upon emphasizing the unconscious divided the mind into three parts, the conscious, preconscious and the unconscious. The conscious mind is what an individual is aware of at any particular moment, their present perceptions, memories, thoughts, fantasies and feelings. The second, working closely with the conscious mind is what Freud called the preconscious, what is today called "available memory" that is anything that can easily be made conscious. Consequently, this leaves the unconscious...
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...Stinson: A Legen….Wait for It…Dary but Brief Character Analysis Ivy Tech Community College PSYC 101 Barnabus “Barney” Stinson: A Legen….Wait for It…Dary but Brief Character Analysis Barnabus “Barney” Stinson is one of the main characters of the show “How I Met Your Mother”, portrayed by Neil Patrick Harris. “How I Met Your Mother” is a comedy sitcom on CBS about five friends living in New York, which centers on Ted Mosby and his quest to find true love. The series is narrated by the future Ted Mosby telling his children an extremely long and elaborate story about how he met their mother. Barney Stinson is one of Ted’s best friends, and a great source of comedy for the show. Barney is a serial womanizer with father issues and questionable actions. He has a unique personality and uses crazy and elaborate tactics to seduce women. His single mother raised Barney and his older brother James. Barney and James both asked about their fathers but their mother would either lie to them or change the subject. Throughout his childhood, Barney was constantly lied to by his mother to protect his feelings. For example, Barneys mother told him he could not play on the basketball team because he was to good and it would be unfair to the other players, when in reality the coach did not want him on the team. Barney was an unpopular child and was picked on and bullied by other kids his age. One major thing that happened in Barneys adulthood that helped shape his character as it is today, was...
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...will address the psyche, unconscious and conscious, psychosexual stages of development, defense mechanisms and finally the strengths and limitations of the approach. The psychodynamic approach is about the unconscious processes which underpin our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. It is important in early childhood experiences (conscious and unconscious) in determining our later development because aspects of early relationships are transferred onto relationships in the present, which is known as transference. Psyche The psychodynamic approach is also about the ID, ego and super ego. The ID is like a little devil on your shoulder, which may include thoughts like sex, aggression, drinking and eating. The Ego is the conscious and is rational trying to balance things out between the ID and the super ego. The Super ego is like the angel on your shoulder it has a moral conscious and prevents us acting out ID’s wishes. Conscious and unconscious Freud’s ideas about the mind (as suggested in Cardwell psychology p886) have been used like an iceberg . The iceberg above the water is the conscious mind and the part underneath the water being the unconscious mind. Looking at the image, the ID is below the surface of consciousness, it cannot be controlled. The ego and super ego is partially conscious and partially unconscious. Nobody is aware of the unconscious influences. There are five stages of psychosexual development. Oral – This is anything that involves the mouth...
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...Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper analyzing the components of the psychoanalytic approach to personality. Your paper should cover the following areas: • Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. What are two characteristics of these theories with which you agree? What are two characteristics with which you disagree? • Describe the stages of Freud’s theory and explain characteristics of personality using these components. • Describe uses of at least three Freudian defense mechanisms with real-life examples. • Psychologists have broken down the human personality into five distinct categories; neuroticism, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness. The acronyms used to refer to these personality traits are "CANOE, OCEAN and NEOAC." Each personality has visible traits which sets them apart from each other. The characteristics of individuals are what make them unique and special. This is why there are no two people that are exactly the same. Although, some people do share some of the same characteristics, it does not mean that they share the same personality. This is often referred to as idiosyncrasy. Idiosyncrasy describes the unique mannerism, or behavioral that an individual displays. It is more like their personal "signature", because they are recognized or identified by the one special behavior or mannerism they display. • Friedman,Howard S. and Schustack, Miriam W.; Trait Aspects of Personality: Identity...
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...journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com/ft Journal of Managerial Psychology 16,7 534 Received September 2000 Revised May 2001 Accepted May 2001 Resistance to organisational change: the role of defence mechanisms Wayne H. Bovey Bovey Management (Certified Consultants), Queensland, Australia Andrew Hede University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia Keywords Organizational change, Resistance, Defence, Humour Abstract Observes that the published literature on resistance to organisational change has focused more on organisational issues rather than individual psychological factors. The present study investigated the role of both adaptive and maladaptive defence mechanisms in individual resistance. Surveys were conducted in nine organisations undergoing major change and responses were obtained from 615 employees. The results indicate that five maladaptive defence mechanisms are positively correlated with behavioural intention to resist change, namely, projection, acting out, isolation of affect, dissociation and denial. The adaptive defence mechanism of humour was found to be negatively correlated with resistance intention. Identifies two intervention strategies which can be used by management to address the effects of defence mechanisms on resistance during periods of change in organisations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 16 No. 7, 2001, pp. 534-548. # MCB University Press, 0268-3946 Introduction Individuals go through a reaction process...
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...superego, the right from wrong, in people’s personality. This explanation is divided into four concepts the philosophical, development, structural, and process elements. Philosophical Element Psychoanalytic therapy was developed by Sigmund Freud and he believed humans have a basic desire to avoid pain and increase pleasure in their lives (Bryan, 2007, p. 283). According to Gerald Corey, Freud also believed that human behavior is driven by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives (2005, p. 56). This theory insists that people strive to reach the most pleasure in life and try to avoid situations/behaviors that remind of them of pain. People will use defense mechanisms as a counterattack causing a person to suppress a traumatic event in their lives; however this could cause problems in their future if something happens that makes the experience to resurface. The two instincts that are pivotal to this theory are life and death. Life (sexual) instincts are the survival tactics people use to gain growth, development, and creativity (Corey, 2005, p. 56). On the other hand, the death instinct is a more aggressive drive within a person, which some people can not control. The death instinct is when a person subconsciously wants to kill themselves and/or others. Dealing with both life and death instincts are powerful determinants of why people act as they do (Corey, 2005, p. 57). The psychoanalytic...
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...What is Personality? -Pattern of psychological characteristics (traits) that differentiate us from others and lead us to act consistently across situations -Know the defense mechanisms be able to identify which defense mechanism the person is using -If a person is having a problem, be able to identify which stage that person developed that fixation. Personality consists of traits • Traits: relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behavior across many situations Example: extroversion, conscientiousness Lecture Overview • Development of personality – Psychoanalytic theory – Cognitive-behavioral approaches • Measuring personality • Causes of personality differences Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Beginnings: Clash between mind and body – Freud initially believed in mental disorders were somatogenic (lookup) • BUT 2 important observations that made him think perhaps this is not the case – Glove anesthesia – Hypnosis treatment for “grande hysteria” involving reports of patients traumatic experience of catharsis, disappearance of symptoms • Freud concluded mental disorders were psychogenic Core Assumptions of Psychoanalytic Theory 1. Psychic Determinism All thoughts and behaviors have a cause (no randomness) 2. Symbolic Meaning All thoughts and behaviors have meaning Ex. Male accidentally breaking chalk while writing 3. Unconscious Motivation We cannot fully understand why we do what we do Reasons for actions are beneath our conscious...
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