...is a term used by fixed-income investors, financial advisors, and investment advisors. It is an important measure for investors to consider, as bonds with higher durations (given equal credit, inflation and reinvestment risk) may have greater price volatility than bonds with lower durations. It is an important tool in structuring and managing a fixed-income portfolio based on selected investment objectives. Investment theory tells us that the value of a fixed-income investment is the sum of all of its cash flows discounted at an interest rate that reflects the inherent investment risk. In addition, due to the time value of money, it assumes that cash flows returned earlier are worth more than cash flows returned later. In its most basic form, duration measures the weighted average of the present value of the cash flows of a fixed-income investment. All of the components of a bond—price, coupon, maturity, and interest rates—are used in the calculation of its duration. Although a bond’s price is dependent on many variables apart from duration, duration can be used to determine how the bond’s price may react to changes in interest rates. This issue brief will provide the following information: < A basic overview of bond math and the components of a bond that will affect its volatility. < The different types of duration and how they are calculated. < Why duration is an important measure when comparing individual bonds and constructing bond portfolios. < An explanation...
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...Interest Rate Risk Dr HK Pradhan XLRI Jamshedpur Hull Ch 7 Fabozzi chapters on duration & Convexity, Ch-7, Convexity Stochastic Process notes Session Objectives j Valuation of fixed income securities Risks in fixed income securities Traditional measures of risk – (we know PVBP, duration and convexity, M-Square) M Square) VaR based risk measures Interest rate volatility calculations Portfolio risk & Cash flows mapping issues Var for Interest Rate Derivatives Interest rate risk and Bond portfolio management Profile of Interest Rate Markets, Instruments & Institutions Bond Price P 1 y C1 1 1 y C2 2 1 y Ct C3 3 1 y n Cn price Sum of the present values of each cashflows p P n t 1 1 y t M 1 y n yield price < par (discount bond) price = par (par bond) price > par (premium bond) Concept of Accrued Interest p When you buy a bond between coupon dates, you pay the seller: Clean Price plus the Accrued Interest – pro-rated share of the fi coupon: i d h f h first interest d does not compound b d between coupon payment dates. LD Days Accrued Interest Total T from last Coupon between Coupon Date Dates Days ND (Coupon) Dirty Price Clean price Accrued Interest Accrued Interest Face * C T LD * 2 ND LD Bond Valuation Value of a bond is the present value of future cashflows, so...
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...价理论》、《商业银行管理学》多本金融教材，备受金融学习者与从业人员好评。 新浪微博：汤震宇CFA_金程教育 联系方式： 电话：021－33926711 2-156 邮箱：training@gfedu.net 100% Contribution Breeds Professionalism 前导课程大纲 CFA一级框架结构 金 金程服务平台及百题分析报告 务 台 析 计算器使用 财务前导 3-156 100% Contribution Breeds Professionalism CFA 考试知识点及其比重 TOPIC AREA LEVELⅠ LEVELⅡ LEVEL Ⅲ Ethical and Professional Standards (total) 15 10 10 Quantitative Methods 12 5-10 0 Economics 10 5-10 0 Financial St t Fi i l Statement A l i t Analysis 20 15-25 15 25 0 Corporate Finance 8 5-15 0 Investment Tools (total) 50 30 60 30-60 0 Analysis of Equity Investments 10 20-30 5--15 Analysis of Fixed Income Investments 12 5-15 10--20 Analysis of Derivatives 5 5-15 5--15 Analysis of Alternative Investments 3 5-15 5--15 Asset Valuation (total) 30 35-75 35--45 Portfolio Management (total) 5 5-15 45--55 100 100 100 TOTAL 4-156 100% Contribution Breeds Professionalism 知识框架分析——Ethics 知识框架分析——Ethics Code of Ethics Integrity g y Credit ...
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...Chapter 4 – Bond Price Volatility Extra Questions 1. Be sure you understand all the relationships shown in Exhibit 4-11 2. The price of a bond can be written as either as the sum of series of discounted CFs (Equation 4.1, page 63) or as the sum of the PV of an annuity and the discounted maturity value (Equation 4.9, page 67). Note that the PV of an annuity formula used in Equation 4.9 is derived from the difference between a perpetuity starting at time zero and a perpetuity starting at time n. The difference is an annuity starting at time 0 and ending at time n. Equation 4.3 is the first derivative of price w.r.t. yield (∂P/∂y) using equation 4.1. The numerator of equation 4.10 is first derivative of the price w.r.t. yield using equation 4.9. Consider either equation 4.3 or the numerator of 4.9. Determine only the sign of following second derivative and mixed partial derivatives: * ∂2P/∂y2 * ∂2P/∂y∂C * ∂2P/∂y∂n (a) Does duration increase or decrease as the initial yield increases?(decrease) (b) Does duration increase or decrease as the coupon increases?(decrease) (c) Does duration increase or decrease as the maturity increases?(increase) 3. (This is questions 2 and 4 from the text.) Consider semi-annual bonds A and B. | Bond A | Bond B | Coupon | 8% | 9% | Yield to maturity | 8% | 8% | Maturity (years) | 2 | 5 | Par | $100.00 | $100.00 | Price | $100.00 | $104.055 | Produce an Excel...
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...Chapter 09 - Interest Rate Risk II Chapter Nine Interest Rate Risk II Chapter Outline Solutions for End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 1. What is the difference between book value accounting and market value accounting? How do interest rate changes affect the value of bank assets and liabilities under the two methods? What is marking to market? Book value accounting reports assets and liabilities at the original issue values. Market value accounting reports assets and liabilities at their current market values. Current market values may be different from book values because they reflect current market conditions, such as current interest rates. FIs generally report their balance sheets using book value accounting methods. This is a problem if an asset or liability has to be liquidated immediately. If the asset or liability is held until maturity, then the reporting of book values does not pose a problem. For an FI, a major factor affecting asset and liability values is interest rate changes. If interest rates increase, the value of both loans (assets) and deposits and debt (liabilities) fall. If assets and liabilities are held until maturity, it does not affect the book valuation of the FI. However, if deposits or loans have to be refinanced, then market value accounting presents a better picture of the condition of the FI. The process by which changes in the economic value of assets and liabilities are accounted is called marking to market. The changes can be beneficial...
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...Bond Valuation By Anuj Joshi Note 1 Bond Valuation Fixed income paying securities. 1. Theoretical price or value of bond depends upon. i. Coupon Payment : Fixed amount of interest to be received after prescribed frequency. ii. Maturity Value [Unless otherwise given is exam, we should take face value] iii. Discount Rate : It should always be market interest rate 2. What is market interest rate Market interest rate is derived from comparable listed bond. The comparison is based on risk and life of the bond. E.g. If we are valuing a bond which is unlisted and have 5 years of life, then we should look for a bond which is similar in risk profile (i.e. same credit rating)and having similar life. The YTM (Yield to Maturity) of listed bond is called market interest rate The YTM of a bond is nothing but IRR of the bond. 3. Value of a bond = PV of Coupon Amount + PV of Maturity Value [Remember CF and discount rate are before tax] Concept Point: i. Coupon rate is a historical rate and should never be used as a discount rate. In exam, if no other information is available, then only we should assume coupon rate of interest as market rate of interest. ii. Remember, Cost of Capital or Discount Rate is a future concept and it represents opportunity cost on the date of valuation. iii. YTM of a similar bond (i.e. current market interest rate) is the appropriate discount rate for bond valuation. How to value a bond which pays interest at a frequency lower than annually (e...
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...Markets 13% EQUITIES 38% Australian Fixed Income 13% World Fixed Income, Hedged 19% Australian Index-Linked Bonds 0% Australian Cash 1% FIXED INCOME 33% Australian Listed Property 8% Australian Direct Property 9% PROPERTY 17% Hedge Funds 9% Commodities 1% US Private Equity 2% ALTERNATIVES 12% TOTAL 100% Contents Some critical assumption……………………………2 Asset Class Considerations………………………….2 Equities…………………………………………………..2 Fixed Income………………………………………….3 Alternatives and Property………………………4 Analysis Mothod………………………………………….5 Historical 3 Year Rolling Returns…………….5 Bootstrap Analysis………………………………….5 Mean-Variance Optimizer……………………..6 Results…………………………………………………………7 Final Recommendation……………………………….8 Building a Concrete Portfolio for Jane and Douglas Breighton………………………………….8 Appendices………………………………………………….9 References………………………………………………..13 Minggang Gu|u5108473 Kejie Wang|u5133766 Tutorial Thursday 4pm Suggested Asset Allocation Breighton Holdings 14% Australian Equities 0% World Equities, Unhedged 0% World Equities, Hedged 11% Emerging Markets 13% EQUITIES 38% Australian Fixed Income 13% World Fixed Income, Hedged 19% Australian Index-Linked Bonds 0% Australian Cash 1% FIXED INCOME 33% Australian Listed Property...
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...Correlation Analysis and Regression G. Time Series Analysis H. Simulation Analysis I. Technical Analysis III. Economics A. Market Forces of Supply and Demand B. The Firm and Industry Organization C. Measuring National Income and Growth D. Business Cycles E. The Monetary System F. Inflation G. International Trade and Capital Flows H. Currency Exchange Rates I. Monetary and Fiscal Policy J. Economic Growth and Development K. Effects of Government Regulation L. Impact of Economic Factors on Investment Markets IV. Financial Reporting and Analysis A. Financial Reporting System (with an emphasis on IFRS) B. Analysis of Principal Financial Statements C. Financial Reporting Quality D. Analysis of Inventories and Long-Lived Assets E. Analysis of Taxes F. Analysis of Debt G. Analysis of Off-Balance-Sheet Assets and Liabilities H. Analysis of Pensions, Stock Compensation, and Other Employee Benefits I. Analysis of Inter-Corporate Investments J. Analysis of Business Combinations K. Analysis of Global Operations L. Ratio and Financial Analysis V. Corporate Finance A. Corporate Governance B. Capital Investment Decisions C. Business and Financial Risk D. Capital Structure Decisions E. Working Capital Management F. Dividend Policy G. Mergers and Acquisitions and Corporate Restructuring VI. Equity Investments A. Types of Equity Securities and Their Characteristics B. Equity Markets: Characteristics, Institutions, and Benchmarks C. Fundamental Analysis (Sector...
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...__________________________________________________________ Assets: Liabilities and S/Hs’ Equity: Mortgage Portfolio Investments Cash & Rec. & Other Other Total 253 57 3 4 317 Short-term bonds Long-term bonds Other Debt EQUITY Total 146 153 7 11 317 Question: What happens if the Mortgage Portfolio loses its value by 11 billion dollars? In other words, if the mortgage portfolio loses its value by ___________%, then FNMA will lose all its equity! Asset-Liability Management 2 A Look at FNMA’s Income Statement For the Period December 31, 1994 - December 31, 1995 (in Billion $) Interest Income: Mortgage Portfolio Investments Total Interest Expense: Short Term Long-Term Total Net Interest Income Other Income Other Expenses Income Before Taxes (In Billion $) 18 3 21 In percent 7.85 % 6.155 7.56 4 14 18 3 1 1 3 5.855 7.0575 6.7525 0.8075 Investment Spread Asset-Liability Management 3 Funds-Gap Analysis Focus is on evaluating the impact of changes in interest-rates on net interestincome. The analysis is “maturity based.” Hence, it can be considered as the worst assetliability management tool. There is one side benefit in learning the Funds-Gap Analysis. It is a nice tool to demonstrate how changes in market yields cut through the balance-sheet and affects the income statement. Specifically, for example, it can show us the source of $3 billion accounting profit FNMA reported for the year ending 1995. To undertake the analysis, the first step is to partition the balance sheet into four quadrants:...
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...MSCI leading provider of investment decision support tools to investment institutions Products include indices, portfolio risk, and performance analytics - for use in managing equity, fixed income and multi-asset class portfolios - and governance tools. Our principal sales model in both of our business segments is to license annual, recurring subscriptions to our products and services for use at specified locations, often by a given number of users or for a certain volume of services, for an annual fee paid up front. Our Governance business is a leading provider of corporate governance and specialized financial research and analysis services to institutional investors and corporations around the world. In June 2004, we acquired Barra, Inc. (“Barra”), a provider of portfolio risk analytics tools that launched its first risk analytics products in 1975, broadening our product range beyond index products. In November 2007, we completed an initial public offering (“IPO”) of approximately 16.1 million shares of our class A common stock In June 2010, we acquired RiskMetrics, a leading provider of risk management and governance products and services, in a cash-and-stock transaction valued In July 2010, we acquired Measurisk, LLC (“Measurisk”), a provider of risk transparency and risk measurement tools for hedge fund investors, to aid us in developing a broad platform and setting the standard for analyzing and reporting hedge fund risk in response to our clients’...
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...semester hours): Term Two (spring) | | | IMB 531 Portfolio Analysis and Management I: Equity | (2) | | IMB 532 Portfolio Analysis and Management II: Fixed Income | (2) | | IMB 533 Portfolio Analysis and Management III: Derivatives and Financial Risk Management | (2) | | IMB 536 Global Macroeconomic Trends and Financial Institutions or CSB Elective | (1) | | IMB 534 International Real Estate Investment | (1) | | IMB 539 Financial Management | (2) | | IMB --- CSB Elective | (2) | | Or | | | | | | IMB 595 Special Topics in International Business (to be completed at an IBSA partner school) | | C. Thesis or Extensive Written Case Analysis (12 semester hours): Term 3 (summer) | | | IMB 599 Thesis | (6) | | IMB 594 Capstone Project / Practicum | (6) | IMBA Course Descriptions (UNCW) The course descriptions shown below are only for courses offered by UNCW and the Cameron School of Business. See each alliance school for their course offerings. IMB 531. Cases in International Finance (1-2) This course will focus on international financial management cases. Cases will build on topics of international monetary systems, international investment decisions, portfolio diversifications, multinational capital structure, and foreign exchange risk and management. IMB 532. Portfolio Analysis and Management I (2) This course is designed to focus on tool and techniques of modern portfolio theory in a global context. Students will convert theory...
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...values – Excellence, Professionalism, Integrity, Commitment You are the centre of everything we do We are committed to listening, understanding, and determining your investment needs, objectives, preferences, constraints and risk tolerance; together with a thorough analysis of the economy, we seek to give you the most up-to-date and personalised solutions to achieve your goals and objectives. Mr. Susilo Hatono Your Team of Trusted Specialists Steffi Tedjo Relationship Manager Teo Shih Jie Economist Benjamin Chong Portfolio Manager Lim Chang Tat Equity Product Specialist Cheryl Ong Fixed Income Product Specialist Natasha Wan Alternative Product Specialist 2 1 11/4/2011 Agenda for today’s meeting INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION + + MACROMACROECONOMIC ECONOMIC OUTLOOK OUTLOOK REVIEW OF MACROREVIEW OF INVESTMENT ECONOMIC INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES OUTLOOK OBJECTIVES - Updated investment - Updated objectives investment objectives current - Review of investments - Review of current investments - Overview of Portfolio PROPOSED PROPOSED ASSET ASSET ALLOCATION ALLOCATION Equities Equities Fixed Income Fixed Income Alternative Alternative Investments Investments - Recap of Portfolio POTENTIAL POTENTIAL CONSIDERACONSIDERATIONS TIONS + + CONCLUSION CONCLUSION 3 Macroeconomic Outlook The Current Investment Environment 4 2 11/4/2011 Global Financial Markets Will there be another global economic downturn? Emerging Markets US...
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...Q. No 6 . What are the different types of ratios you would use while analyzing the financial statements of a company? Give examples of each of these types. Answer 1: The different types of financial ratios used in the analyzing financial statements of a company are: 1. Liquidity Ratios 2. Leverage Ratios 3. Turnover Ratio 4. Profitability Ratio 5. Valuation Ratio Let us consider the Profit and Loss A/c and Balance Sheet of OM Enterprises Limited to illustrate the calculation of these ratios Profit and Loss Account of OM Enterprises Limited for the year ending on March 31, 2006 |PARTICULARS |AMOUNT (Millions) |AMOUNT (Millions) | |Net Sales | |350 | |Cost of goods sold | |245 | |i) Stock |175 | | |ii) Wages and salaries |30 | | |iii)Other manufacturing expenses |40 | | |Grofit profit | |105 | |Operating Expenses...
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...INVESTMAP Fact Sheet for June 2012 Toll Free 1800 425 5959 www.sundarammutual.com SMS SFUND to 56767 Email service@sundarammutual.com Sundaram Mutual Fund Track Record Equity Funds Fund / Benchmark Satish Ramanathan Sundaram Select Mid Cap BSE Mid Cap Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Srividhya Rajesh Sundaram Select Focus S&P CNX Nifty Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram Capex Opportunities BSE Capital Goods Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram Equity Plus S&P CNX Nifty(65%) & Price of Gold in INR(35%) S&P CNX Nifty Index J Venkatesan Sundaram Growth Fund BSE 200 Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram India Leadership S&P CNX Nifty Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram Financial Opportunities CNX Banks Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram Rural India BSE 500 Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram Entertainment Opportunities CNX Media Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram PSU Opportunities CNX PSE Index S&P CNX Nifty Index S Krishnakumar Sundaram SMILE Fund CNX Mid Cap Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram Energy Opportunities BSE Oil & Gas Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Sundaram Equity Multiplier S&P CNX 500 Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Jointly Managed by Srividhya Rajesh and S Bharath Sundaram Balanced Fund CRISIL Balanced Fund Index S&P CNX Nifty Index Jointly Managed by Srividhya Rajesh and J Venkatesan Sundaram Tax Saver BSE 200 Index S&P CNX Nifty Index S Bharath Sundaram Global Advantage Fund MSCI Index CNX Nifty 30/06/11 30/06/10 ...
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...assets, which are fair value and historical cost. The property refers to the land and building, as those are the main part of total fixed assets of a company. Asset is the most important element in the balance sheet, hence the method used for assets valuation is very important to avoid over or under estimation. This is the reason why the choice for measurement method is importance in determining the value of assets because it will affects the acquisition price and the comprehensive income of the firm in terms off income and shareholder equity. The author too focuses on the accounting treatment in accordance to International Financial reporting Standard (IFRS), US GAAP and Greek GAAP. With reference to the article, asset can be defined as a good able to provide a constant flow of services such as housing services and a source of cash flow. Assets are ruled by a set of basic aspects such as the cost (cost of land or construction cost), the residual value, the useful life estimation and depreciation charge. These elements are correlated with the type and use form of assets. The author also apply some accounting principles in their study such as prudence, historical costs, substance over form, going concern, true and fair view and many more. Data Methodology/approach The topic is approach by using an integration of fixed assets into four main portfolio categories, which are for own use, investment, held for sale assets and inventories. The data is gathered by reviewing and examines...
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