...Miniature Aerial Vehicle – Airframe characterization R. Shivkumar, Hemendra Arya & K. Sudhakar Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai – 400076 e-mail: arya@aero.iitb.ac.in Abstract: Airframe design is an important step in the development of mini aerial vehicles. Airframe design means the shape and size of the aircraft. Issues related to mini aerial vehicle design are discussed in the paper. In this paper a case study of design of a 0.6 m fixed wing aerial vehicle is presented. This case study also brings out the requirement of various tools to conduct such an exercise. Introduction: Significant interest is being shown by academic institutions in research activities related to Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPV’s) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s). Flying platforms and their design with suitable payloads reinforce classroom education while exposing students to a host of flight related problems and issues of systems integration. There has been a long felt need to bring students, especially in the field of engineering, closer to the complexities and risks in dealing with actual systems. The Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay has decided to make headway in this direction by developing remotely piloted aerial vehicles as experimental platforms[1]. The various disciplines required for such a design activity are aerodynamics, performance, structures, stability, control and propulsion. Each of these designs are different compared...
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...9/22/2015 Niranjan Nandakumar | Flight Vehicle Design | Design of a subsonic jet transport airplane | Flight Vehicle Design | Design of a subsonic jet transport airplane | Contents Introduction………………………………2 What is the problem?.................................3 Solution to problem…………………..…..3 Results from problem…………………….3 Conclusion……………………………….3 Reference List……………………………4 Appendix…………………………………5 Comments………………………………...9 Introduction The purpose of this project was to understand how to calculate the take-off gross weight, empty weight and mission fuel weight of a subsonic jet transport airplane over a set time. In this project there were several formulas used in order to find the weight of the airplane. For example, I had to find the payload of the passengers, the crew and the flight attendants as well as their baggage’s because those weights would affect the weight of the plane. I also have to find the fuel efficiency ratios for each component of the flight. In other words, I had to find the fuel efficiency ratios for the warmup, take off, the cruise and many more. What is the problem? In this project, I had to estimate take-off gross weight, empty weight and mission fuel weight of a subsonic jet transport airplane. I was given specifications about the transport plane like how many passengers, the crew, the range of the airplane and many more. The specifications can be seen in the appendix on page 5. Solution to problem The...
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...I. Introduction: The purpose of this paper is an overview about the current space tourism industry with advanced developments of space vehicles. Until now, seven tourists have ridden Soyuz spacecraft, a Russian spacecraft, to the International Space Station. Capturing the potential demand of space tourism, many private companies began to introduce their new and well-designed spacecraft promising to enable tourist to travel to space. From now to the next couple of years, we are expected to see many launches including testing and commercial flights into suborbital and low Earth orbit. There are also some private companies, who were awarded by NASA for their space programs to carry astronauts to the space station. II. Virgin Galactic – Scaled Composites (Suborbital): Virgin Galactic – Scaled Composites founded by Burt Rutan designed a unique type of spacecraft. Using a mothership aircraft, the space plane will be carried to midair and then be released to launch toward the edge of the atmosphere. Using carbon composite construction, the company has introduced two version of the space plane: SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo along with two model of the mothership aircraft: WhiteKnightOne and WhiteKnightTwo. (Ref 1,3) A. Spaceship: a. SpaceshipOne – WhiteKnightOne: Scaled Composites first launched the SpaceShipOne to the suborbital in 2004 while the first of WhiteKnightOne was in 2002. Overall, the WhiteKnightOne’s features are carriage and launch of payloads up to 7...
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...TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Introduction · Desires of the people to move Need for goods: demand for Transportation. Transportation affects everyone on earth, on a daily basis. People, countries, governments, business, whole economy rely on effective, reliable transportation in one form or another. Major Transportation Systems Highways Car, Bus, Truck, non- motorized ..etc Railways Passenger and Goods Airways Aviation and freight carrier Waterways Ships, boats… Continuous Flow systems Pipelines,belts..etc Merits and Demerits: Based on accessibility, mobility, cost, tonnage.. Highways/ Road Transportation Oldest mode Foot paths- animal ways, cart path…….. As civilization evolved the need for transportation increased India (5,000 BC) Egypt (3,000 BC) Greece and Babylonia (2,000 BC) Romans (500 BC) ROMANS OCCUPIED BRITAIN IN 55BC 5000KM OF ROADS BUILT IN 150 YEARS RADIATED FROM CAPITAL LONDON AND EXTENDING TO WALES AND EXTENDING TO SCOTLAND LEGIONS WITHDRAWN IN AD407 BREAKDOWN OF ROADS FOLLOWED DURING MIDDLE AGES, RIVERS AND SEAS –A RELIABLE MAJOR TRADE ARTERIES WHEELS OF CARTS DAMAGED THE EARTH ROAD FAST LENGTH OF STONE PAVED STREETS BUILT FOR CONNECTING RURAL AREAS FOR PROVISION STAGECOACH SERVICE WAS INTRODUCED IN UK IN 1755? HORSES WERE CHANGED AT REGULARLY SPACED POST HOUSES COACH WITH IRON SPRING MADE THE RIDE COMFORTABLE Contribution towards road development TWO MAJOR TYPES OF PAVEMENT IN EARLY DAYS Thomas Telfold...
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...National Aeronautics and Space Administration Academy of Program / Project & Engineering Leadership Space-to-Space Communications System (SSCS) www.nasa.gov casestudy SPACE TO SPACE COMMUNICATIONS: IN-HOUSE HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT When Johnson Space Center’s Matt Lemke showed up for work as the project manager of the Space-to-Space Communications System at the tail end of 1994, he discovered that the project he had inherited was not the one he expected. On his second day on the job, Lemke, an experienced avionic engineer but newly assigned project manager, attended a kickoff meeting with Litton Industries, who had recently been selected as the project’s prime contractor. Lemke had read the contract beforehand and understood the terms of the agreement. He planned to hand the Litton team a set of engineering drawings that had been developed before his arrival so they could get started. After handshakes and introductions, he turned to his NASA colleague who had supported the contract agreement with Litton just weeks before, and asked her for the drawings. Her response stunned Lemke: “What drawings?” A First-of-Its-Kind Radio System The Space-to-Space Communications System (SSCS) is a sophisticated two-way data communication system designed to provide voice and telemetry among three on-orbit systems: the Space Shuttle orbiter, the International Space Station (ISS), and the Extra Vehicular Activity Mobility Unit (EMU). (An EMU is a space suit worn by an astronaut during...
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...The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, when Space Shuttle Challenger (mission STS-51-L) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members. The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida at 11:38 EST (16:38 UTC). Disintegration of the vehicle began after an O-ring seal in its right solid rocket booster (SRB) failed at liftoff. The O-ring failure caused a breach in the SRB joint it sealed, allowing pressurized hot gas from within the solid rocket motor to reach the outside and impinge upon the adjacent SRB attachment hardware and external fuel tank. This led to the separation of the right-hand SRB's aft attachment and the structural failure of the external tank. Aerodynamic forces broke up the orbiter. The crew compartment and many other vehicle fragments were eventually recovered from the ocean floor after a lengthy search and recovery operation. The exact timing of the death of the crew is unknown; several crew members are known to have survived the initial breakup of the spacecraft. The shuttle had no escape system, and the impact of the crew compartment with the ocean surface was too violent to be survivable. The disaster resulted in a 32-month hiatus in the shuttle program and the formation of the Rogers Commission, a special commission appointed byUnited States President Ronald Reagan to investigate the accident. The Rogers Commission found NASA's organizational...
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...1. 1.1 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3. 3.4. 4. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 2 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................... 3 GROUND EFFECT AERODYNAMICS.............................................................. 4 CHORD DOMINATED GROUND EFFECT ................................................... 4 SPAN DOMINATED GROUND EFFECT....................................................... 5 AERODYNAMIC CENTERS IN GROUND EFFECT..................................... 6 AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY IN GROUND EFFECT ............................... 7 EKRANOPLANS.................................................................................................. 9 CONFIGURATION LAYOUT ......................................................................... 9 POWER AUGMENTATION RAM (PAR)..................................................... 12 LONGITUDINAL STABILITY...................................................................... 14 LATERAL STABILITY ................................................................................. 15 1. INTRODUCTION Wing-in-ground effect applies to vehicles design to fly at very low altitudes to take the advantage of increased in aerodynamic lift and reduced drag which occurs when a wing is in ground effect. The phenomenon of ground effect was observed as early as the Wright Brothers’ Wright Flyer I which...
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...PHYSICS PROJECT TOPIC- BALLISTIC MISSILES SUBMITTED TO – MR. B.K.PUTI SUBMITTED BY- SHUBHAM SHARMA XI (NON-MEDICAL) ROLL NO.-14 ST.KABIR’S RESI. AND DAY SCHOOL CONTENTS- • HISTORY • FLIGHT • PROPULSION, CONTROL AND GUIDANCE • MISSILE TYPES • INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES • FLIGHT PHASES • MODERN ICBMs • REFERENCES Ballistic missile A ballistic missile is a missile that follows a sub-orbital ballistic flight path with the objective of delivering one or more warheads to a predetermined target. To date, ballistic missiles have been propelled during powered flight by chemical rocket engines of various types. History [pic] Diagram of V-2, the first ballistic missile. The first ballistic missile was the A-4, commonly known as the V-2 rocket, developed by Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s under direction of Wernher von Braun. The first successful launch of a V-2 was on October 3, 1942 and began operation on September 6, 1944 against Paris, followed by an attack on London two days later. By the end of World War II, May 1945, over 3,000 V-2s had been launched. A total of 30 nations have deployed operational ballistic missiles. Development continues, with around 100 ballistic missile flight tests (not including those of the US) in 2007, mostly by China, Iran and the Russian Federation. In 2010 the US and...
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...Government of India. The objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. Accordingly, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully operationalised two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources; also, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites. SATELLITES LAUNCHED Since its establishment , ISRO has achieved numerous milestones. It built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union in 1975. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian- made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites...
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...-1 Anupam Shetty Fourth Batch 2012 - 13 Bengaluru International Airport Limited Contents: 1. Background……………………………………………………………….………………….…….……Page 4 2. Need for the airport…………………………………………………………………………………Page 4 3. Scope of the Project…………………………………………………………………………………Page 5 4. Project Sponsors/Concessionaires……………………………………………………………Page 6 5. Financiers…………………………………………………………………………………………………Page 7 6. Relevant Government Bodies…………………………………………………………………..Page 7 7. EPC Firms………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 7 8. Regulators………………………………………………………………………………………………..Page 7 9. Concession and CNS/ATM Agreement……………………………………………………..Page 8 10. Financial Arrangements………………………………………………………………………….Page 8 11. Project Conception…………………………………………………………………………………Page 9 12. Bidding Process………………………………………………………………………………………Page 9 13. Project Shaping………………………………………………………………………………………Page 10 14. Master Plan and Projects……………………………………………………………………….Page 11 15. Agreements Signed in Chronological Order……………………………………………Page 12 16. Land & Peripheral Infrastructure……………………………………………………………Page 13 17. Project Execution/Construction……………………………………………………………..Page 13 18. After Completion……………………………………………………………………………………Page 17 19. First Test Flight……………………………………………………………………………………….Page 17 20. Reason for Delay in Opening BIAL………………………………………………………….Page 18 21. Revenue Realization………………………………………………………………………………...
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...Project Purpose This is a comprehensive project that you will work on throughout the course. You will work in groups to solve a problem using the theories, formulas, and concepts from this class. Course Objectives Execute problem-solving actions appropriate to completing a variety of case study assignments. Apply critical reading to identify the meaning of information in a problem statement. Apply analytical and logical thinking to extract facts from a problem description and determine how they relate to one another and to the problem(s) to be solved. Provide symbolic, verbal, and graphical interpretations of statements in a problem description. Apply analytical tools for evaluating the causes and potential implications of a problem. Generate potential solutions to a problem and determine the best course of action with regard to effectiveness, efficiency, and mitigation of risks. Design methodology for implementing problem solution(s). Develop tools for evaluating implementation of problem solution. Required Resources Textbook ITT Tech Virtual Library Project Logistics Select ONE of the following three projects: A, B, or C. You may work individually or in a group. Because of the workload, working in groups is recommended. Working as an individual on this project is discouraged. Project Deliverables Four written reports Final report Project presentation (Unit 10) Each written report must have the following items: APA formatting, double-spaced...
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...Enhancing the engineering education through Self-Motivated Initiative projects B.R.Senthil Kumar1, J.Prasanth2 1Assistant Professor: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 2Final Year Student: Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering Anna University affiliated Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore, India senthilramanseetha@yahoo.com Dr.M.Thiagarajan Dean: Mechanical Sciences Anna University affiliated SNS College of Technology Coimbatore, India Abstract—Self-motivation is when we personally set goals for ourselves and encourage ourselves to accomplish them. Self-motivation is generally stated as "The psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose...
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...Contents Table of Contents 2 List of Tables 3 Abstract 4 Introduction 5 Background and History 5 Definition of Terms 6 Purpose and Objectives 6 Research Hypothesis 7 Method 8 Military Based Video Games 8 Shooting Simulators 10 Indoor Simulated Marksmanship Trainer 10 Long Range Precision Shooting Simulator 10 Driving Simulators 11 Flight Simulators 13 Results 14 References 17 List of Tables Figure 1: Real World Improvement Vs. Simulation Realism Military Training FAQ. (2013). In VirTra. Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www.virtra.com/military-faq/ 15 Table 2: Long Rang Precision Shooting Simulator Sherer, K. (2007, October 29). Laser Shot announces Personal Weapon Simulator partnership. In Gamzig. Retrieved March 28, 2013, from http://www.gizmag.com/go/8224/.........................................................................16 ABSTRACT This paper explores a brief history and the current utilization of virtual simulators and video games within the United States Department of Defense (DoD). Focusing on modern times, the US military is continuing to utilize virtual simulators and war based video games to assist in the training of troops before going on the battle front. The US Military presently uses numerous types of simulators for training, the following will include the implementation of ISMIT (indoor simulated marksmanship trainer) and LRPSS (long rang precision shooting simulator) as well as flight and driving simulators. In their...
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...Project: Living on Another Planet/Green Building or City In: Computers and Technology Project: Living on Another Planet/Green Building or City During my research, some very interesting facts were accumulated. By accumulating modern data on Mars, I attempted to outline the possibilities of colonization in my own perspective. One consideration is that not only is technology lifting mankind up into new heights, but we are on the verge of a new cooperation on a global scale. This cooperation that I am conveying is that world governments are now working together to eventually go to Mars. This exploration will be a culmination of data produced from the rovers that are currently sending data to us from Mars. (http://www.googleearth.com, go to Mars entry) We now know there are natural resources available to use to sustain life, and harvesting them will lead to our first colony being started and expanding there. The question arises, as to how to get there, and with careful thought, the technology that we now possess will certainly deliver us there to Mars. The first fact to consider is that we have a natural satellite that is only approximately 252,000 miles away from us, which is the Moon. (www.answers.ask.com) (http://www.chacha.com) We also have the International Space Station, revolving around the earth. (http://wiki.answers.com) We are also going to be building an outer space vehicle that is larger than the Gemini space capsule, but will be built to go deeper into space...
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...Galactic has us all excited about space travel, but we are slightly less excited about the Virgin Galactic cost. Those tickets into suborbital space are not cheap, and most of us will not be able to afford the trip for a while. What is the Virgin Galactic Cost? A 2008 book about space tourism stated that, "The cost of suborbital flight advertised by private space companies such as Virgin Galactic and Starchaser Industries is in the order of U.S. $200,000." [Source: Erik Seedhouse, page 27]. Virgin Galactic's webpage confirms that $200,000 is still the cost of a ticket of admission, and that at least 100 people have already paid that fare in full. [Source: virgingalactic.com]. Apparently, the company intends to keep the cost of tickets at this level for the time being. Will the Virgin Galactic Cost Come Down? In a 2008 interview, Stephen Attenborough, commercial director for Virgin Galactic said he thought competition would eventually drive ticket prices down to $50,000 or lower. [Source: The Independent]. He did not give any timeframe for this decrease. It seems inevitable that competition will force Virgin Galactic and other space flight companies to lower their prices. Low price is, after all, the most obvious way for a company to distinguish its product. But with $200,000 spaceflights still a thing of the future, it might be a while before the average Star Trek fan can afford a trip to space. Conclusions About The Virgin Galactic Cost I suspect the real factor...
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