...Introduction. Pakistan is located in a region which is prone to number of natural disasters. Due to its diverse range of terrain and existence of fault lines, the country is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from earthquake to droughts and floods to cyclones. Pakistan has suffered floods almost every year as monsoon rains cause rivers to outflow from their banks. The country also experiences earthquake regularly ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. We have been suffering from drought like situation of varying degrees from many years and the coastal areas are prone to cyclones. There is no comprehensive, integrated disaster management policy at national level for dealing with major disasters like earthquake of 2005 and floods of 2010 and 2011 partially due to limited resources, economic instability and partially due to absence of well trained and equipped disaster management infrastructure. We also lack proper system for disaster prevention and preparedness that could ensure effective mitigation to reduce the loss of life and property damage in the face of a natural disaster. 2. Disaster management is unfortunately seen as provision of relief rather than the management of all of its phases and long term management of risk. We therefore need a comprehensive preparedness, prevention and mitigation strategy with a view to better manage and coordinate activities of various line ministries, departments and civil society. Pakistan has a traditional relief and response oriented...
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...enterprise development and micro credit. For this purpose SRSO organizes the local communities and develop their managerial and technical capacity. People and the government are supported in forging partnership and inculcating the sense of ownership among the people. SRSO is presently entrusted with the responsibility of fostering a countrywide network of community organizations at the grassroots level in 9 districts of Sindh and works in the following sub-sectors while applying the participatory development approach of sustainable development. BACKGROUND The social mobilization movement began in Pakistan in December 1982 originating in the Northern Areas. The pioneer of this movement was the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP). It gradually spread to the rest of the country under the guise of provincial Rural Support Programmes (RSPs) established by the Government of Pakistan and collaborative donor funding. For the purpose, Sindh Rural Support Organisation (SRSO) was established to work under the umbrella of Rural Support Programme Network in designated districts of Sindh. In July 2003, Sindh Rural Support Organization (SRSO) was established, funded by Government of Sindh with the provision of an endowment of Rs. 500 million , that was raised to Rs. 1.0 billion in subsequent years. The Sindh Rural Support Organization has...
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...Understanding Red Cross’ Past, World Efforts, and Relief Programs in Southeast Asia Our world is in continual turmoil, wars, border disputes, genocides, natural disasters and many more scar the globe annually. One can barely fathom all the problems that our world faces; we cannot prevent everything that can happen. However, there are many men and women through out the world that risk their lives daily in order to help those that cannot help themselves. These are the men and women of the Red Cross and Red Crescent society, who devote their time, sources, and at times their whole lives to help others. Red Cross has been around for many decades and has provided relief for many situations throughout the world; the most profound being for natural and man-made disasters through out the world. The Red Cross was created in 1863 by Henry Dunant who had watched a bloody battle ensue between armies of imperial Austria and the Franco-Sardinian alliance in Solferino, Italy. As over 4000 men lay dead, wounded or dying lacking much needed medical assistance, Dunant organized local people to bind the soldiers' wounds and to feed and comfort them. He called for the creation of neutral relief societies that would tend the soldiers and the people affected by wars paving the way for the future Geneva Convention. Thus in 1863 the idea was finalized and following year, 12 governments adopted the first Geneva Convention; a milestone in the history of humanity, offering care for the wounded, and...
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...increasingly important activity to businesses nationally and internationally. As globalization accelerates and large corporations serve as global providers, these corporations have progressively recognized the benefits of providing CSR programs in their various locations. CSR activities are now being undertaken throughout the globe. “Every company harms the environment and people!” CHAPTER I THE RESEARH PROPOSAL [pic] [pic] INTRODUCTION The problems and issues that confront society today are too large and complex to be solved by government and NGOs alone. Sustainable solutions to society’s problems can only be found through the collaboration and involvement of all who are part of it. Companies have tremendous strengths; they have extremely capable people, technology, access to money, the ability of geographical reach, etc. Many companies worldwide and now even in Pakistan are more powerful than governments and even countries, and thus corporate are important stakeholders in society. Our objective of the research is analysis of Pakistan’s major telecom companies to explore and understand the role that telecom corporate are playing and can play in finding meaningful solutions to the problems facing Pakistan today. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: The general objective of our study is to identify how CSR is being understood and implemented in the Company’s business strategies with in the telecom industry of Pakistan. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: ...
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...Financing Commitments This is not very capital intensive business. We need little capital to make website and operate online. Currently the management ownership is divided into four members, so we are not seeking for financing from any external third party which obviously leads to not such financial commitments. So every member contributes capital of 25% and profit will be shared among them on this basis. In the future we might face different financial commitments if we plan to expand our business. In that case we will first try to cover up these costs by advertising revenue and sponsorships from organizations (Co-Branding). Product Development Milestones 1. Prototyping In this phase we will develop a prototype of our website (HelpX) and the mobile application. We’ll see that whether the software of our website is working properly. Our website would be having a lot of graphics so it’s appropriate to check before launching that how smooth are the transitions. We will check the page loading speed etc. 2. Testing We think we can achieve better result if we involve third party before launching your product/service. During the testing phase we’ll show our website and application to our family, friends & industry knowledgeable people and get their feedback. They’ll check the flow of our site and we’ll gauge their convenience and comfort with the application and website. Once we will be done with our testing then we’ll move towards the promotion strategy with the ads...
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...of years. In modern times risk management plans are a necessity because of the wide variety of natural disasters occurring all over the world. It is thought that because of the frequency and increase in severity of hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tornadoes that the United States alone experiences an average loss of one billion dollars every week. (C. McMillan, 1998) Therefore it is obvious why a procedure of disaster preparedness, mitigation, management, and prevention is highly important as a method of dealing with such events. Risk management involves addressing any phenomena that could potentially cause havoc in a community. (C. McMillan, 1998) It is significantly different from traditional preparedness and response activities. A traditional approach attempts to address existing problems, while hazard risk management “focuses more on anticipating problems by ensuring that growth and development address the likelihood of hazards and their interaction with environmental systems.” Whereas traditional preparedness and response mechanisms often focus on individual hazard events, risk management views hazard exposure as an ongoing process and aims at reducing the vulnerability of the society and the economy to natural disasters. Such an approach needs to become an integral part of economic planning and policy making. Disaster prevention involves long term studies of the earth and its processes, and using various scientific fields to monitor and attempt to predict...
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...History of Proctor & Gamble William Procter & James Gamble 1837 Neither William Procter nor James Gamble ever intended to settle in Cincinnati. Although the city was a busy center of commerce and industry in the early nineteenth century, William, emigrating from England, and James, arriving from Ireland, were headed farther west. Despite their intentions, however, both men ended their travels when they arrived at the Queen City of the West—William took care of his ailing wife, Martha, who soon died, and James sought medical attention for himself. William Procter quickly established himself as a candle maker. James Gamble apprenticed himself to a soap maker. The two might never have met had they not married sisters, Olivia and Elizabeth Norris, whose father convinced his new sons-in-law to become business partners. In 1837, as a result of Alexander Norris' suggestion, a bold new enterprise was born: Procter & Gamble. On April 12, 1837, William Procter and James Gamble start making and selling their soap and candles. On August 22, they formalize their business relationship by pledging $3,596.47 apiece. The formal partnership agreement is signed on October 31, 1837. 1850 The Moon and Stars began to appear in the 1850s as the unofficial trademark of Procter & Gamble. Wharf hands used the symbol to distinguish boxes of Star Candles. By the 1860s, the Moon and Stars appeared...
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...Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers are different from each other in many ways. Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial. It means that they have water throughout the year. These rivers receive water from rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains. The two major Himalayan rivers, the Indus and the Brahmaputra originate from the north of the mountain ranges. They have cut through the mountains making gorges. The Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to the sea. They perform intensive erosional activity in their upper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand. In the middle and the lower courses, these rivers form meanders, oxbow lakes, and many other depositional features in their Figure 3.1 : Water Divide The world’s largest drainage basin is of the Nile river in Egypt • Which river has the largest basin in India? DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN INDIA The drainage systems of India are mainly controlled by the broad relief features of the Figure 3.2 : A Gorge Drainage Patterns The streams within a drainage basin...
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...Educational and cultural environment 3 3.8. Political environment 3 4. About Mahindra & Mahindra 4 5. Task 1. 5 6. Task 2. 6 6.1. Market Penetration 6 6.2. Market Development 7 6.3. Product development 7 7. Conclusion 7 8. Recommendation 8 9. References 8 1. Introduction The term business is understood and explained in different ways by different people. For some, business is an activity, for some it is a method of transacting, for sonic others, it is a method of money making and some people argue that business is an organized activity to achieve certain predetermined goals and objectives. Based on all these meaning of justness, we may define business as gainful activity through which various elements of society conduct exchanges of the desirable things. 2. Objectives To understand what the business environment is and why this is important for a company Management student to understand its fundamental concept on business activity To develop a right perspective about business environment 3. Business Environment Business involves activities, which links an organization with outside world. Within an organization, a business is governed by the behavior of its employees, management or decision makers. But externally a business is influenced by a score of factors, which range from customers to competitors and government. Therefore, a business cannot be independent of the influence of these external factors. It should also be noted that a business...
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...MAINSTREAMING Disaster Risk Reduction IN SCHOOLS’ CURRICULUA (ANALYTICAL INSTRuMENT FOR POLICY ADVOCACY) By, AmjAd NAzeer Indus ConsortIum (IC) (December 2012, IslamabaD, Pakistan) 0 “Things like DRR need to be there in the textbooks. Aspired to interpret, we ourselves will learn further and teach children better. Children will in turn explain things to their younger brothers and sisters, even to their parents and to those who cannot read or write. The new learning has a capacity to inform, who should do what during, before or after a disaster.” Ali Akbar, A primary school teacher in Chack Tumb Bhel, U.C Khoski, Badin. “Disaster Reduction Begins at School” (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2006-8) 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..……3 2. Growing Frequency of Natural Disasters: A Major Concern……..….…………7 3. Relevant UN Conventions and Other International Commitments….…………7 4. Impact of Natural Disasters on Children and Schools.……………………….....9 5. Education and Psychosocial Impact on Children………………………………10 6. Connecting Education, Safe Schooling and DRR……………………………...10 7. Significance of Mainstreaming DRR in Curriculum and Children’s Potential Role....…………………………………...……………………………………….…12 8. Approaches to Integrate DRR with Sindh and Punjab’s Textbooks….…..…..14 8.1. Infusion or Permeation Approach…………….…………………………………16 8.1.1. Holistic Review of Sindhi, Urdu And English Textbooks….……………..…17 8.1.1.1. Sindhi and Asaan...
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...CIRDAP The Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP) is a regional, intergovernmental and autonomous institution. It was established in 1979 at the initiative of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations with support from other UN organisations and donor countries/agencies. The member countries of CIRDAP are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh (host state), Fiji Islands, India, Indonesia, Iran, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The main objectives of the Centre are to: (i) assist national action, (ii) promote regional cooperation, and (iii) act as a servicing institution for its member countries for promotion of integrated rural development through research, action research, training and information dissemination. Amelioration of rural poverty in the Asia-Pacific region has been the prime concern of CIRDAP. The programme priorities of CIRDAP are set under four Areas of Concern: 1) Agrarian development; 2) Institutional/infrastructural development; 3) Resource development including human resources; and 4) Employment. Within these areas of concern, the thematic areas are: Poverty alleviation through participatory approaches with emphasis on social sector development (e.g. health, education and nutrition); Employment generation through microcredit support, infrastructure development and local resource mobilisation;...
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...earthquake hit Awaran, Pakistan due to a strike-slip occurring between the plates. The plates collided between the transition zone between the northward subduction of the Arabic plate beneath the Eurasia plate. The epicenter of the event occurred 69km north of the Awaran, Pakistan border. The earthquake killed at least 825 people and injured hundred of others. The Balochistan government estimated that the earthquake had destroyed at least 21,000 homes. In the past 40 years, only one significant earthquake had injured humans in that area. The earthquake occurred along the two plate boundaries of the region, the area where typically most earthquakes occur due to collision of plates by convergent or transform boundaries. Due to the poor economic area in which the earthquake took place, many homes collapsed easily as many were not reinforced like many buildings are now in the United States. As the location of the city was so close to the epicenter, the city felt a high intensity level. The reason for the creation of the earthquake deals with the Elastic Rebound Theory that states crust bends as strains builds up until the earthquake occurs making bent crust snap back into place. While detection devices have been created such as seismograph, many devices to forewarn individuals of future earthquakes have still not been created. Spatial trends have been one concept in preparing individuals for upcoming earthquakes for looking for gaps between seismic activities over a period of time...
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...Warehousing and Inventory Management Assignment 1, Question:- Recent events in the global scene have had a significant impact on supply chains especially JIT operations. Discuss what these events are and their impact on the role of warehousing in the supply chain. JIT or Just-In-Time has been defined as an inventory control whereby is to maintain or control just right quantity materials in just right place at the just right time for the just right amount of products or manufacturing (Lee White, 1985). JIT concept was originated in Japan in the 1950s when the Toyato Motor Company developed a system known as “Kanban” to meet customer demand for various models with minimum delivery delays. When we talk about JIT we cannot run away from warehousing as warehousing is part of a supply chain logistic network. Warehousing is used for store or house of inventory for all stages of a supply chain JIT is a demand pull system in which manufacturing planning begins with the final assembly line and works backwards, not only through the various manufacturing processes, but also to the vendors and subcontractors supplying materials and components. Therefore two things must happen in order for JIT to work: ➢ All parts/materials/components must arrive where they are needed, when they are needed and in the exact quantity needed ➢ All parts/materials/components that arrive must be usable parts Hence any natural disasters occurred it will certainly affect the impact on...
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...& Experimentation: 15 Move towards Innovation at TCS: 15 Business model innovations: 17 Types of innovation in the company 22 CONCLUSION: 26 History: TCS is the largest courier company operating in different parts of the country as well as outside country. It came into being in 1983 as a domestic courier company with only 12 stations. The journey of TCS has been recorded in Harvard Business School in a form of a case study. The company was formed by Mr, Khalid Awan along with his brother and developed an entire industry. It has withstood the trials and tribulations of cohabiting with the State sector and took every single step to find one of the best negotiating solution win-win solutions in the lights of the service of Pakistan prosperity. In 32 years, TCS has made themselves a brand that evolves in almost all parts of the country. From launching a redesigned and standardized courier service in 2001 to launching agents network - a business partner program in 2011, to entering the ecommerce industry, TCS has shown willingness to change. They provide various express and logistics...
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...itself as health and Nutrition Company while targeting the health conscious people throughout the world. Nestle started its operations in Pakistan back in1988, by acquiring a diary company MILKPAK LTD, when people of Pakistan actually needed it. Since Pakistan is the fifth world’s largest milk producing country therefore Nestle deals mainly in dairy products. Moreover it also sells juices, chocolates, prepared food like noodles, baby food, infant formula milk and breakfast cereals in Pakistan. Nestle is a low cost leader with its efficient operations hence it provides its customers with high quality products and sells them at a premium price. Therefore it is earning good profits. Nestle has set its manufacturing plants at in Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and Kabirwala. The milk processing plant at Kabirwala district is the Nestlé’s world largest milk processing plant. When nestle introduced its products in Pakistan people were neither aware nor accustomed to them. Therefore nestle ran an extensive marketing campaign to educate people and create a need for its products. Pakistan is a land where fresh eatables are readily available. Nestle should sell the same quality of products in Pakistan as it sells abroad. It should also introduce more brands in Pakistani market which it offers in other markets of the world since consumers in Pakistan are becoming more demanding day by day. History: In the mid-1860s Nestlé, a trained pharmacist named Henri Nestle began experimenting...
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