...discounter or in a flower shop is very hard and long. In the last few years, the flower industry has extremely increased and it actually got bigger than the music industry. The world’s largest exporter of roses is called Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi and is from India. He owns land eight times the size of Mumbai. Four years ago he additionally bought the biggest rose farm of the world with 4500 workers, 160 ha land and 650 million roses, that leave the farm every year. He has a huge power in the flower trade and plays actually a big role in it. He makes a turnover of 25 Million euros every year and he managed to get a 9 percent market share in Europe in the last few years. Customers that are very important for him are Edeka and Aldi. Discounters want goods that are cheap, fast and durable at once. To fulfill the discounter’s requirements, the African workers ship only the rose buds and not the blooming flower abroad. That makes sure that the roses are durable for a longer time. Mr. Karuturi sells 55 % of the output through the auction in the Netherlands and the rest through wholesalers and retailers. Also 100 % of the African rose production is exported to Europe. Even though Africa and Latin America export huge amounts of cut flowers, the Netherlands is the biggest export country. Exports from the Netherlands to Germany make a significant part of the world cut flower trade respectively of the whole world trade. FloraHolland, the most known flower auction, is located...
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...Determining the Effectiveness of Sugar as a Preservative for Flowers An Investigatory Project for School Year 2014-2015 In Partial fulfillment of the Physics Subject Researchers: Salvethlyn Himaya Reambonanza Ma. Carina Cassimira Enopia Silverio Serion Submitted to: Engr. Mylene J. Lagahit Teacher I. Introduction a. Background of the Study "Beautiful" and "sweet-smelling" are two common terms that describe fresh flowers, and explains why so many of us like to place flowers in our homes. Having flowers in our homes adds color and a soft touch. In addition, the presence and scent of flowers gives us a psychological boost making us feel happier and livelier. Flowers certainly do help brighten up our day. However, fresh cut flowers do not last long as they typically wilt after a few days. There are a few ways to help flowers stay fresh for longer periods of time, once they are cut. One method is to cut the stem of the flower at an angle with a sharp knife and immediately placing the cut flower in lukewarm water. Cutting a flower stalk at an angle exposes more of the stem, allowing for a larger surface area to come in contact with water. Leaves that are under water should be removed. Interestingly, the removal of rose thorns will hasten the wilting process of roses. Another commonly used method is to add sugar and vinegar to water. Sugar is thought to provide the nutrition required by the flower, while a few drops of vinegar helps prevent bacteria from contaminating...
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...SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SEED PRODUCTION PRACTICES FOR BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) belonging to the family Leguminosae is a commercially important vegetable variety. It is one of the widely cultivated vegetable varieties. The seed production of this crop can be taken up in July – September and January – February. Method of seed production Bean is a self-pollinated crop. Cross-pollination occurs very rarely since self-pollination takes place before the opening of the flowers. To maintain the varietal purity an isolation distance of 25 metres for certified and 50 metres for foundation seed production is necessary from the fields of other varieties and of the same variety not conforming to the varietal purity requirements of certification. Seed production stages Breeder seed Foundation seed Certified seed Land selection The land selected should not be cultivated with other variety of the same crop in the previous season and should be free of volunteer plants. The land should be fertile with neutral pH. The soil should be light with proper drainage facility. Seed selection and sowing Certified seeds of good quality should be obtained from an authentic source. Seeds should be healthy with good germination percentage. Remove the off coloured and out sized seeds. The seed rate varies depending on the variety. It is 26 kg/acre (65 kg/ha) for bushy variety and 10 – 14 kg/acre (25 - 35 kg/ha) for pole varieties. Treat the seeds with powder form of...
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...plant in the Philippines. It is the local term used in the Philippines for Hibiscus, China Rose, and Shoeflower. This plant has a scientific name known as Hibiscus rosasinensis. Usually, this ornamental plant grows from one meter up to four meters high. Its flower may come in various colors similar to orange, white, pink, yellow, red, purple, and other color combinations. Its leaves are glossy green, ovate, pointed, which extends its length to about seven to twelve centimeter. Its flowers are solitary, axillary, and quite huge which extends its length to about ten centimeters, and twelve centimeters in diameter. The petals are commonly obovate, rounded tip, and imbricate. The stamens are in long and slender tube form enclosing the entire style of the pistil and protruding out of the corolla. When we were kids, we used to drink its sweet nectar and eat its petals and then we would gather its petals to make bubbles. Gumamela has a lot of use, it can be used as medicine for some certain diseases or illness and its flowers are oftenly used to form bubbles so we could also make a dishwashing liquid out of it. By this research study we will be studying the utilization and effectiveness of the plant gumamela in the production of dishwashing liquid. Washing dishes is one of the major house chores our parents are facing every day. One of hardest part of washing dishes are the tough stains and grease that is all over the common kitchen tools we use in our everyday life. Dishwashing...
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...Adelfa [pic] Erect, smooth shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high with a cream-colored sticky resinous juice. Leaves are in whorls of 3 or 4, linear-lanceolate, 10-15 cm long, with numerous horizontal nerves. Flowers are showy, sweet-scented, single or double, 4-5 cm in diameter, white, pink or red, borne in terminal inflorescence (cymes). Fruit is cylindrical, paired, with deep linear striations, 15-20 cm long. Seeds are numerous and compressed, with a tuft of fine, shining, white, silky hairs. Application: - Herpes zoster (skin): Crush leaves, mix with oil and apply on lesions. Do not apply on raw surface. Milky juice of the plant is irritating. Caution: Not to be taken internally. - Herpes simplex: Mix 1 cup of chopped leaves and bark with 2 tablespoons of oil. Apply to lesions 3 times daily. - Ringworm: Chop a foot long branch and mix with 1 cup chopped fresh young leaves. Mix the juice with 5 drops of fresh coconut oil. Apply 3 times daily. - Snake bites: Pound 10 leaves and a piece of branch. Apply poultice to the wound. - Root, locally and internally, used for abortion. - Roots, made into paste with water, used for hemorrhoids. - Roots and bark used externally for eczema, snake bites and as insecticide. - Fresh leaves applied to tumors to hasten suppuration. Akapulko Akapulko is a shrub that grows wild on Mt. Banahaw. The leaves contain chrysophanic acid. The leaves are reported to be sudorific, diuretic and purgative, being used in the same...
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...Business Management Professor: Jean Goodall Everest College April 28, 2012 Edible Arrangements The thing that attracted me to Edible Arrangements is its great appeal to most people. The original store was located in East Haven, CT it opened in 1999, by Tariq Farid who partnered with his brother Kamran Farid (Wikipedia, 2012). After being successful in this original store they set about designing computer systems, training manuals, production and profitability tracking and supply chain management procedures they then entered the business of franchising in 2001 (ediblearragements.com, 2012). I feel that one of the reasons for their success is that they offer an alternative to the floral industries flower arrangements with the bonus that the receiver has a gift they can share with others and it’s healthy for the receiver also. This is definitely a niche industry and being the first and leader in the fresh fruit bouquet category has had it perks. In an interview on Bloomberg.com CEO Tariq Farid tells how he and his brother opened a small flower shop and had some loyal customers, and wanting to give their customers that little something extra they added edible arrangements in 1999 to a small section of their store, never even considering that it would take off as it did to become a company with over 458 million in annual sales (Bloomberg.com. 2012). In the same video Tariq explains that people our very health conscience these days, and this gives them that choice in the celebration...
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...flowering plants Introduction: Angiosperms are flowering, fruit-bearing plants or trees known for having ovules (and therefore seeds) developed within a closed ovary. Angiosperms are plants producing flowers. Thus, they are also commonly called as the flowering plants. They belong to the kingdom Plantae, subkingdom Embryophyta. They can be classified as monocotyledons and eudicotyledons. Characteristics of Angiosperms * The flowers serve as the reproductive organs for the plant.(exchanging genetic information) * They have small pollen grains that spread genetic information from flower to flower. * They have stamens- reproductive structures found in flowers that produce the pollen grains that carry the genetic information. * They have much smaller female reproductive parts, allowing them to produce seeds more quickly. * They have carpel that encloses developing seeds that may turn into fruit. * A great disadvantage is the production of endosperm. It is a material that forms after fertilisation and serves as a highly nutritional food source to the developing seed and seedling. The life cycle of Angiosperms They follow: * Seed * Germination * Sprout or seedling * Mature plant * Flowering Materials: * Flower for dissection (hibiscus flower) * Scalpel * Dissecting microscope * Prepared slide of young lily anther, c.s. * Prepared slide of mature lily anther (pollen grains), c.s. * Mature pollen * Glass slide ...
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...French Broom (Genista Monspessulana) Technical Report Genista Monspessulana, commonly known as French Broom, is a Class A weed located on the western coast of the United States. Its appearance is that of a large shrub with yellow, pea-like flowers and small oval leaves in groups of three. It is commonly under 3 meters tall. Its stems are erect, dense, and green or brown densely covered with silky, silvery hairs (U.S.F.S. 2014). It is typically leafy with leaflets ranging from 10mm to 20 mm long and petioles about 5 mm long(U.S.F.S. 2014). There are normally 4 to 10 pea-like flowers about 5mm to 7 mm long on axillary pedicels 1mm to 3 mm long (U.S.F.S. 2014). The fruit is a legume ranging from 15mm to 25 mm long and 5 mm wide with 3 to 8 seeds per pod (U.S.F.S. 2014). French broom seeds are round and generally have elaiosomes attached to them. French Broom is an angiosperm and its flower has four main parts, the sepals, the petals, the stamen or male part, and the pistil or female part (Reece et al. 2014). In order for fertilization to occur insects or other animals must transport the pollen from the stamen to the pistil (Lambers 2014). An angiosperm ovule, located in the pistil, contains an egg cell and a diploid fusion nucleus, when pollen comes into contact with the top of the pistil it sends it down into the ovary at the pistil's base (Lambers 2014). As the pollen penetrates the ovule, it releases two sperm cells, one fuses with the egg to create a diploid zygote, while...
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...Moussa Sakouk ENV 1200 Project#2 (Who cares about bees) Bees are considered Pollinators which means that they play a big role in transferring the anther to the stigma. Honeybees are a big part of ecosystems, they have the ability to conserve and stabilize the environment, and many species of plants and animals would not survive if bees were missing. The production of nuts, seeds, fruits and berries is highly dependent on pollination and bees are considered the prime pollinators. Brought to North America in 1600s, honeybees have become widely spread; they are bred because of their ability to produce honey and pollination which can be profitable. Honeybees are very important however, they are on the decline because of numerous factors such as the extensive use of chemical pesticides and herbicides, these chemicals are often sprayed on plants and can kill bees, there is a different type of chemicals that is integrated into the soil or the seed that grows and migrates into the stem, leaves, nectar, and pollen of plants. Radiations could a factor in the decline of bee populations, the increase of cell phones and wireless communication towers throughout the states may interfere with bees’ ability to navigate. “Radiation from mobile phones is interfering with bees' navigation systems, preventing the insects from finding their way back to the hive, according to a preliminary study by Jochen Khun's team at Landau University in Germany” (Vince para.2). Global warming may be a...
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...Valdaise Chedjou, 401072 GSB102f11, VME9e ch 30, 31 Page 321-329 Survey of Plant Kingdom Gymnosperms of Phyla Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, and Gnetophyta Gymnosperms are plants with exposed seeds borne on scalelike structures called (strobili). Gymnosperms are heterosporous. They produce two types of spores: Microspores occur in male cones and form male gametophytes. Megaspores occur in female cones and form female gametophytes. Gametaphytes of gymnosperms are microscopic and completely dependent on the large, free-living sporophyte. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from male cones to female cones, which house the eggs. Pollen is carried from the male cones to the female cones by the wind. Sperm of cycadophyta are flagellated. Phylum Ginkgophyta consists of one species, Ginko biloba, a large dioecious tree that does not bear cones. Phylum Coniferophyta are the large group of cone- bearing plant that includes the 5000 years old bristlecone pine, earth’s oldest living individual organisms. The cones they bear are reproductive structures of the sporophyte generation. Sporophylls bear spores in conifers; sporophylls of male cone are called microsporophylls. Microsporangium are the cells on the surface of each mocrosporophyll that produces spores. Sporophylls of female cones are megasporophylls; each bear two spore- producing megasporangia on its upper surface. Pollination and seed formation in pine Pollination is the transfer of pollen...
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...Vegetable Leaves Flower Part Fruit Part Seed Part Plants that Reproduce Sexually Plants can reproduce asexually or sexually. To reproduce asexually, plants use rhizoids, fragmentation, or budding. Strawberries, crab grass, and Bermuda grass are examples of plants that reproduce with rhizoids. The creeping Charlie is an example of a plant that reproduces through fragmentation. The banana is an example of a plant that reproduces through budding. Sexual reproduction in plants involves male and female plant organs. The female structures involved in sexual reproduction are the stigma, the style and the ovary. The stigma is the sticky portion of the pistil that captures pollen. The style is long and slender and supports the stigma. The ovary is composed of one or more ovules and is responsible for housing the eggs. The male structures involved in sexual reproduction are the filament and the anther. The filament supports the anther which is responsible for storing and producing pollen. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Wind, water, insects, birds, and small mammals all aid in the pollination of plants. After pollination, one nuclei of the pollen grain forms a tube down through the style to the micropyle of the ovary. The second nuclei travels down the tube and splits into two sperm nuclei that fertilize the egg and combine with polar bodies to form the endosperm (stored fruit). How Insects Pollinate Flowers In the spring and...
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...the most important group in moderate climates (Palmer). Without the correct balance, humanity would slowly wane in population, as our food production and supply will decrease. As small as they may seem, they render a critically...
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...in Ejjersa near Modjo on December 4th 2007 and immediately started construction on four hectares of greenhouse. The construction of the first greenhouse was completed in June 2008 and in July 2008 the first mother plants were planted. The company mobilizes its activities very fast and started its first export in October 2008. Employees: Currently the company is being managed by Belgian farm manager and Ethiopian production manager. In total the company has three Belgian expatriates and around four hundred professional and non professional employees. Vision To supply good quality of cut flowers, cuttings foliage, pot flower fruits and vegetables to the global market. Mission: To grow cut flowers, cuttings foliage, pot flower fruit and vegetables mainly for the European market To produce own nursery cuttings, bulbs and plant materials To engage in consultancy and other relevant services for the sector Raw materials used: Mother plant for propagation, chemical, fertilizer, packing materials such as carton box, harvesting bags, ice bag, labels, production input such as planting material(coco peat, tray),protective device such as boot, gloves. Finished Product: Rooted cuttings: Pelargonium and Dipladenia Unrooted cuttings: Poinsettia, different varieties of herbs, Rooted cuttings:Pelargonium and Dipladenia.Unrooted cuttings: Pelargonium, different varieties of herbs, Poinsettia. ...
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...Keondre Masters New Growth Imagine a flower with no roots would it grow? The answer is no, a plant is more complicated than that. A plant is made up from different sections which each section plays a role in the growth and the maintaining of the plant. The plant is made up of four or five sections depending on the plant, the root, the stem, the leaves, the flower, and the fruit. Without those following ingredients there would be no plants, no trees, and no air to breathe. Realize how important a plant is why it’s something you should know. The roots help provide support by anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients needed for growth. They can also store sugars and carbohydrates that the plant uses to carry out other functions. Plants can have either a taproot system (such as carrots) or afibrous root system (such as turf grass). In both cases, the roots are what carries the water and nutrients needed for plants to grow.(http://urbanext.illinois.edu/gpe/case1/c1facts2a.html) In other words the root is the life of a plant because it won’t grow without it The stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaves, inflorescence (flowers),conifer cones, roots, other stems etc. The internodes distance one node from another. The term shoots is often confused with stems; shoots generally refer to new fresh plant growth and does include stems but...
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...crucial role in the reproduction of many plants. While some crops, including wheat and corn, are largely able to reproduce independent of pollinators with farming practices, several others would disappear without bees. Many food items such as fruit, nuts, and vegetables are dependent on bees for pollination and reproduction (“Pollination” par. 1). This loss of plant diversity would have tremendous adverse effects on the environment, economy, and human population. There are numerous species of plants their crops that are mostly reliant on bee pollination; from apples, to almonds, squash, citrus fruits, and onions. The loss of these critical food items could endanger millions of people worldwide with malnutrition. In addition to global food production suffering, the collapse of bees will endanger the economy that surrounds bee farming, pollination, and the sale of pollinated crops. Honey bees in particular are the main facilitators of most pollinated crops worldwide. The economic impact of honey bees in the United States alone, “account for more than 15 billion dollars through their vital role in keeping fruits, nuts, and vegetables in our diets” (“Fact Sheet: The Economic Challenge Posed by Declining Pollinator Populations” page 1). All pollinators have been experiencing decline, but honey bees specifically appear to be getting it worse than most. While wild pollinators are already decreasing, the captive colonies of honey bees used for commercial pollination are dying off at an...
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