...for a place to eat, and every corner you turn, all you see are fast food restaurants. This experience would be similar to another person who lives in Detroit, Michigan. Detroit’s per capita income of $14,213 classifies them as a low socio-economic city (Detroitmi.gov). Now, imagine yourself walking through your city and instead of seeing only fast food, you see options. Fast food is an option, but so are grocery stores and farmers markets. This experience would compare to someone who lives in Belle Meade, Tennessee. Belle Meade had the third highest per capita income in the United States at $104,908 (citybellemeade.org). This amount classifies them as a high socio-economic city. The food availability, specifically the number of fast food restaurants compared to grocery stores and farmer’s markets, in a town varies depending on its socio-economic status. The higher the status, the more variety a consumer will have when it comes to what food is available. The lower the statuses, the less variety because of lower food availability. According to Steve Cummins and Sally Macintyre from the International Journal of Epidemiology, “fast-food outlets are more prevalent in poorer areas”(Cummins and Macintyre 80). Comparing the amount of fast food restaurants available from the heart of each of the two cities, Detroit and Belle Meade, this concept is definitely accurate. In Detroit, there are more fast food restaurants than in Belle Meade. Within three miles in Detroit, one...
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...When the initial set of information needs is available, the kinds of measurement reports that will help to make objective decisions and thereby manage the project is visualised as reports indicators. Therefore the indicator depicts data that is analyzed using a specified process to provide an estimate or evaluation of selected, measurable attributes. For each information need, a candidate indicator or set of indicators are identified.Futher the data elements needed to produce the indicator are identified. After the candidate indicators are identified based on information needs, the availability of the base measures needed to construct the indicator is considered. When the required base measures is not still collected then other base measures could be used to produce the indicator, If producing a candidate indicator is found to be too resource intensive, then alternative indicator would be chosen collected? If not, are they readily available? And if they are not readily available, could other base The PSM process would help to identify the information needed to manage the project successfully. This would inturn help us to know the acquisition project activities and their relation to project goals, objectives, risks, issues and requests for information received. need to know or understand about my acquisition project activities and products as they relate to project goals, objectives, risks, issues and requests for information received from the enterprise level or other...
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...meets the challenge of providing availability information across a global enterprise. The concept of available to promise (ATP) used in Sales and Distribution (SD) module in SAP R/3 provides check capabilities that deliver results for basic business scenarios. More complex scenarios, however, require more robust capabilities to make delivery commitments that are in line with the real-world demands. In short, global scenarios require global solutions. Global ATP — or GATP — takes advantage of SAP APO technology and picks up where the SAP R/3 ATP solution leaves off. Following are the functionalities using GATP allows you to answer questions related to promising products to your customers. GATP quickly makes information available to provide real-time optimized decision support. It offers the functionality to perform availability checks which consist of online searches that determine if requested products are available at requested times in the quantities that satisfy customer demand. GATP can be used for Sales Order, Scheduling Agreement, Delivery, stock transfer orders and production orders (for their input components). GATP Methods can be classified into three areas: Basic methods and their combination (product check, product allocation, and check against forecast) Rules-based ATP (RBA) ATP integrated with production You can combine several GATP methods to provide more advanced capabilities. Product Check A basic product availability check generates positive results...
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...In today’s modern time when there have come so many options to go by so as to acquaint oneself about its surroundings through Internet, Television, Radio etc, the importance of Newspapers is still the un-matched one. Reason being, its cheapness & easy availability for the masses. The India still comes under the category of developing countries mainly because of its huge consumption which is almost equal to its production of goods & services. The reason of such a scenario is nothing but its large population. In such a situation, where India has ample of resources available with it, still it hardly has high rate of export despite everything available. Needless to say, that our highest rate of consumption by the huge population has made our position down in the Foreign Trade Sector & this has further led to low affordability by its masses as a result. Still, it is only the newspaper today, which is still in the reach of everybody no matter how rich or poor one is. Being so is of utmost significance about the newspapers today, especially when everything has been so dear because of steep rise in prices. Only the newspaper is such a cogent & economic medium to grab all the required information from the different parts of our country as well as around the world, which can be easily available to anybody from any road-side corner. Despite having so much of significance, one doesn’t need to put in any hard work to make it available for himself/herself. Such is the unique case...
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...With the weather now warming up, it's once again time for spring cleaning, and the workplace is no exception. There's no question that a clean office is a productive office. When everything is in its place, there's no time wasted. No janitorial company understands this better than Jhoners Commercial Cleaning Services. For over 16 years, the Cincinnati, OH company has been providing high quality janitorial services for businesses both big and small, from small office buildings to large medical centers. Here are a few of their office cleaning tips for spring: Establish Work Zones: Designating different zones for separate functions helps keep you focused. Keep one area strictly for supplies, one for research, one for filing, and so on and so...
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...communication can be very challenging. During this type of assignments students can lose touch and not have the ability to successfully communicate with each other. Communication plays a huge part when it comes to online settings. If there isn’t enough streaming communication the ability for all students to participate get hindered and collaboration is not reached successfully. During this task, it was found that everyone’s personal schedule and availability interfered with the task. Students found themselves online and available to work at different times of the day, which made communication hard. Students also faced the challenge of being able to fully participate in the assignment. When the assignment was first discussed not everyone was available and parts of the assignments where grabbed by those available, in turn some students didn’t do much. The students who did do parts of the assignments did a wonderful job, but this beats the purpose of a collaborative assignment. More open communication and availability is needs to be achieved and some type of instant chat or message board needs to be used. Students should all be available at the same time to discuss the assignments and work on it together. By doing this students in the team will be able to achieve the successful assignment together as a team and not as...
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...Walter White Blank University NETW420 Professor Teague Week 7 paper 4/22/13 There are many metrics used in network management that can be broke down into three sections including classic, cost, and revenue for short. The classic metrics consist of availability which is the percentage of time during which a service is functioning properly. Availability is broken into two aspects, as a whole and availability that factors maintenance, where maintenance is more effective because it only captures unavailability caused by a negative surprise. MTBF or Mean Time Between Failures is a measure of reliability its job is to give an indication of how often a service or device becomes unavailable, but not so much the length of the outage. MTTR also known as Mean Time To Repair provides the length of time it takes for services that are impacted by failures to be restored. Total cost of operations can be normalized over a different group of metrics, such as, the number of devices and the operational cost per device. Devices and differ in nature and scale so this metric is not always meaningful unless dealing with homogeneous environments. The number of ports is another metric that provides a more level playing field and allows operational cost to be compared across different types of equipment. An example of number of service instances could be the operational cost per voice extension. The number of end users would be the operational cost per employee in an enterprise. There are...
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...Chapter 7 Question 4. Service –orieted architecture (SOA) is a software architecture perspective that focuses on the development, use and reuse of small self-contained blocks of code to meet all the application software needs of an organization. An organization with a service-oriented architecture philosophy would be an agile organization that take advantage of every resource in the most efficient and effective way. One of the metrics that international truck could use would be system availability. System Availability is usually measured inversely as downtime, or the average amount of time a system is down and unavailable to end users and customers. International Truck's previous IT systems didn't share information easily. The SoA allowed information to flow much easier to and from different departments and systems, resulting in less problems and errors in areas such as manufacturing. Other key infrastructure-centric metrics that could be used by International Truck to justify an SoA are, Accuracy, scalability, and through put. These would be justified by the problem in shortfalls in inventory, excessive defects and returns, more timely information on assembly-plant problems, and the lack of easily shared information by their current system. Scalability is how well a system can adapt to increased demands. This is more of a conceptual metric that assesses your ability to upgrade the implemented infrastructure at minimal cost and service interruption. Accuracy is usually measured...
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...Behavioral Heuristics 1. Describe an example from your own career where you, or another manager, allowed behavioral heuristics or another pitfall, to sway you from the mean. When I worked at Sysco Foods, the vice president of sales wanted to expand the territories. My direct manager knew that the Vice President had just recently relocated from Tallahassee, Florida to Jacksonville Florida. My direct manager wanted to impress the vice president and build Tallahassee market quick. It was 3 hours away from our warehouse and we had never been in that area, nor did we know what our competition was. A decision was made and very little research was performed to ensure that we were doing the right thing. Instead of building out territories that were already in existence, my direct manager wanted to show that his sales team could do anything. He sent 4 reps out to the area for a week. Whoever could obtain the most accounts they would win the territory. No one wanted the territory. It was 2-3 hours from all of the sales representative’s home offices, and starting a territory from scratch is a difficult task. I specialized in institutional accounts. I was of the mindset that I would rather sell $10,000 to one account a week, then 10 accounts each buying $1,000. I went to the hospitals, the jails, prisons, and the universities in the area. Within 6 weeks I had grossed sales of 40,000 a week just in those 6 accounts. My direct manager and vice president thought...
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...Startup rejection occurs during this startup time. Scrap Rework These losses occurs when products 11 produced are not conforming to the specifications. These are rejects during steady-state production. Scrap Rework 12 The amount of time the facility is open and 13 available for operation. One year consists of 365 days, one day consists of 24 hours, 60 minutes in one hour, 60 seconds in one minute. PLANT OPERATING TIME = Fully Productive Time + Quality Loss + Speed Loss + Downtime Loss + Planned Shutdown PLANT OPERATING TIME 14 PLANNED PRODUCTION TIME OPERATING TIME NET OPERATING TIME FULLY PRODUCTIVE TIME QUALITY LOSS SPEED LOSS DOWNTIME LOSS PLANNED SHUTDOWN OEE FACTORS 15 Availability represents the...
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...Instructor’s Manual to Accompany The Longman Writer Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook Fifth Edition and The Longman Writer Rhetoric and Reader Fifth Edition Brief Edition Judith Nadell Linda McMeniman Rowan University John Langan Atlantic Cape Community College Prepared by: Eliza A. Comodromos Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New York San Francisco Boston London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal NOTE REGARDING WEBSITES AND PASSWORDS: If you need a password to access instructor supplements on a Longman book-specific website, please use the following information: Username: Password: awlbook adopt Senior Acquisitions Editor: Joseph Opiela Senior Supplements Editor: Donna Campion Electronic Page Makeup: Big Color Systems, Inc. Instructor’s Manual to accompany The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook, 5e and The Longman Writer: Rhetoric and Reader, Brief Edition, 5e, by Nadell/McMeniman/Langan and Comodromos Copyright ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Please visit our website at: http://www.ablongman.com ISBN: 0-321-13157-6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 - D O H - 05 04 03 02 CONTENTS ...
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...Table of Contents Availability Bias 2 Overreaction Bias 6 Research Report Analysis 8 Illustrations 12 Conclusion 14 Bibliography 15 Availability Bias Availability bias is a human cognitive bias that causes us to overestimate probabilities of events associated with memorable or dramatic occurrences. A cognitive bias is a pattern of deviation in judgment that occurs in particular situations. A cognitive bias can also be explained as a flaw in judgment which is caused by memory, social attribution, and statistical errors. Since, memorable events are further magnified by coverage in the media; the bias is compounded on the society level. Two well-known examples would be estimations of the probability of plane accidents and the kidnap of children. Both events are quite rare, but the huge majority of the population outrageously overestimates their probability, and behaves accordingly. In reality, one is more likely to die from an auto accident than from a plane accident, and a child has a higher risk of dying in an accident than the risk of getting kidnapped. Availability bias is at the root of many other human biases and culture-level effects. Availability bias is a cognitive illusion. The availability biasis a mental shortcut that occurs when people make judgments about the probability of events by how easy it is to think of examples. The availability bias operates on the notion that, "if you can think of it, it must be important...
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...Q1. NAME AND DESCRIBE THREE AUTHENTICATION METHODS. Authentication is defined by Essentials Guide as is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be. Authentication means verifying the identity of someone (a user, device, or an entity) who wants to access data, resources, or applications. Validating that identity establishes a trust relationship for further interactions. Authentication is the first step in access control, and there are three common methods used for authentication: What you have method: – Examples of this method includes keys, badges, ID, pass cards/smart card, tokens. These are physical objects and go towards identifying you by what you physically “own”. A smart card is credit card sized card that has an embedded certificate used to identify the holder. The obvious problem here is that objects can be taken and are not tied or "signed" to any particular person. This makes it easy to loan your verification for temporary uses like valet parking, but objects can be stolen. Keys can be duplicated and IDs can be faked, What you are method: - DNA, fingerprints, voice match, cadence of your typing, your walk, talk, act. Your smell, shoeprints, aura, your retinal scan, your vein patterns. Anything that leaves the impression of YOU, but nothing that can come from someone else. These are things that can be taken from you. They cannot be faked but can be stolen. Secondary level of security, what you are is better...
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...A look into the projected future use, sustainability and availability of produce and food. Introduction In this case study I will be discussing the projected future use of general food and also talking about how food can be revolutionised by today’s technologies. Food can be defined as an object which provides nutrients to sustain human life. Besides our physical need for food and the energy it provides, we also have a mental and cultural craving for tastes and cuisines. On the other end of that spectrum are people from underdeveloped countries, where they struggle to eat on a daily basis which leads to starvation and malnutrition. In an attempt to aid these ‘hungry' countries, food relief is provided by more developed nations in an attempt to provide some relief to famine. This is done in the hope that this temporary relief of hunger can, in the long run, help these impoverished communities to get back onto their feet and have a more constant source of food. These relief missions are restricted by the amount of food and the transport of food to these nations. In this case study I will discuss alternatives to traditional agricultural food which will hope to find a new and better way of ending world hunger in underdeveloped countries, while reducing the risk of obesity and the convenience of nutrition in developed nations. An introduction to the history of agricultural food Food has always been naturally made, through farming and cultivation, but it has been altered...
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...provide explanations for why people make irrational financial decisions .It calls for investigation into higher mental processes, memory, perception, problem solving and thinking .This paper looks at some of the anomalies (i.e., irregularities) that conventional financial theories have failed to explain. In addition, review underlying reasons and biases that cause some people to behave irrationally. 2.- Brief survey of the literature The following areas of research have been covered, from the mid 1980’s to the main focus of the article(special edition 2008): Overreaction and Availability Bias, Overconfidence, Cultural difference, Superstition, education and life experience, “house money effect” managerial optimism, collective orientated vs individual dynamic, or Gambler's Fallacy, Trading venue affect, life experience and education, media influence, Herd Behavior, Gender influence and availability heuristic. While...
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