...Fidel Castro’s Influence on the Cuban Revolution, 1953-1959 The year was 1953 and Fidel Castro was a dashing and daring reformer that was determined to make a impact in a country that was ruled by an unjust president. With the Movement strong and confident, Castro delivered these strong words to his group of men: “In a few hours you will be victorious or defeated, but regardless of the outcome – listen well, friends – this Movement will triumph. If you win tomorrow, the aspirations of Martí will be fulfilled sooner. If we fail, our action will nevertheless set an example for the Cuban people, and from the people will arise fresh new men willing to die for Cuba. They will pick up our banner and move forward... The people will back us in Oriente and in the whole island. As in '68 and '92, here in Oriente we will give the first cry of Liberty or Death!” These words by Castro illustrates what type of leader he was and still is to this day. Castro is one of the most polarizing figures in Cuban history, with many natives of Cuba arguing that he was the central cause of the destruction of Cuba, while others consider him to be the visionary that saved Cuba from the destruction that would have come about if a capitalist system had been instituted instead of a communist one. Actions taken by Fidel Castro during the Cuban Revolution shaped Cuba politically and socially to what we know it to be today. Fidel Castro was born in southeast Cuba, in the Oriente Province on August 13, 1926...
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...Latin American Politics and DevelopmentThe Cold War, the Cuban Revolution, the spread of guerilla warfare and the doctrine of National Security in Latin America | During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union fought together as allies against the Axis powers. However, the relationship between the two nations was a tense one. Americans had long been wary of Soviet communism and concerned about Russian leader Joseph Stalin’s tyrannical rule of his own country. For their part, the Soviets resented the Americans’ decades-long refusal to treat the USSR as a legitimate part of the international community as well as their delayed entry into World War II, which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of Russians. After the war ended, these grievances ripened into an overwhelming sense of mutual distrust and enmity. Post-war Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe fuelled many Americans’ fears of a Russian plan to control the world. Meanwhile, the USSR came to resent what they perceived as American officials’ rhetoric, arms build-up and interventionist approach to international relations. By the time World War II ended, most American officials agreed that the best defence against the Soviet threat was a strategy called “containment.” In 1946, in his famous “Long Telegram,” the diplomat George Kennan explained this policy, The Soviet Union, he wrote, was “a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with the U.S. there can be no permanent modus vivendi...
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...Fidel Castro started his revolution in 1952 after Fulgencio Batista illegitimately came to power. Castro was running for congress and was outraged by Batista’s actions. This is what caused Fidel to fight back against the government. Ever since 1953, Fidel had been leading attacks against the government. One such attack took place on April 3, 1958 when Castro led his rebels to attack Havana. Although this attack did not overthrow the government, it was another example of how Castro was becoming a force to be reckoned with. President Batista now realized his regime was at risk of being overthrown and on May 24, 1958, Batista began an offensive against the rebels. Batista's government began to weaken further as the US stopped selling arms to Cuba. This was done in an effort to prevent Castro’s rebels from obtaining weapons but also greatly affected the government....
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...A Call for Further Research: Afro-Chinese Marriages in 20th Century Cuba Katie Wang UCLA Professor Wright-Dixon I. Introduction Coalitions through marriage is a long understood concept. Kingdom alliances through marriages are ones that first come to mind. Often fictional portrayals of real pressures for pressures to gain resources or military alliance for a capital or imperial need involve young princes and princesses who are forced to marry. However, in a nonfictional example for this paper, Chinese indentured laborers or former indentured laborers and African slaves or former slaves married in 19th century Cuba both romantically and strategically. I argue that there needs to be further research around Afro-Chinese marriages in Cuba and a recentering on women. I had originally planned to center this paper around African slave women who married Chinese men in Cuba in the 19th century but was not able to because of the lack of literature available. However, I aim to focus on a reading against the grain for indications of women’s agency and voice in this set of literature. My personal stakes in this topic are two-fold. First, my mother’s side of my family lived in Cuba for a few decades from the late 1920s to 1960 as a part of an entrepreneurial endeavor and as refuge from persecution from the Communist Party of China. Because of my personal tie to Chinese in Cuba, I seek to uncover untold stories and hidden transcripts. Second, this paper is a part of a larger project...
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...Eron Jenkins History of News Media Jeff Johnson November 28, 2011 Spanish-Language Newspapers in Ybor City and New Mexico In 1898, the Cuban War for Independence ended. 12 years later, the Mexican Revolution against the autocratic president Porfirio Díaz began. Not surprisingly, the ramifications of these two events were not limited to Cuba and Mexico. Thousands of Spanish speaking people came to the United States in search work and asylum. In Tampa, Florida, in a neighborhood called Ybor City, cigar manufacturers offered work to immigrants from Cuba and Spain. Conversely, in New Mexico, Spanish speaking people had lived in the region north of the Rio Grande for hundreds of years. However, growth and stability in the region offered new opportunities to Americans from the east and Mexican immigrants from the south. The goal of this paper will be to examine the development and content of Spanish language newspapers in these two areas from 1900-1910 by looking at two newspapers: El Diario de Tampa of Ybor City and La Estrella of La Cruces, New Mexico. To understand any aspect of any culture one must note the historical context in which the event occurs. In this case, the goal is to study the history of the news media, specifically newspapers, in Ybor City and New Mexico. Because of the corresponding migration and revolutionary atmosphere, the context of the development of the newspapers in these two places is similar. However, they diverge in terms of their...
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...Even Cuban aid came with no Russian strings attached. Despite eventually receiving Soviet aid, Castro maintained his independence, even advising Neto to be wary of Soviet influence while suggesting that, if victorious, the MPLA consider an economic relationship with the U.S. Similarly, the mass influx of Cuban troops was far from the communistic-imperialism that Kissinger perceived, but instead a reaction to the South African invasion of southern Angola. The Soviet’s intervention in Angola was extremely reluctant and based on support for the Cubans rather than the MPLA. In turn, the Cuban involvement was based loosely around Castro’s desire to spread Marxist revolution, but more so around his desire for Cuba to become the leader of the third world. The U.S. fears of a Soviet “test” were entirely unfounded. This false sense of Russo-Cuban intent had defined Kissinger’s policy towards Angola since the Davis task force report and was instrumental in the formation of IAFEATURE. Kissinger’s – and the U.S.’ – fears of communist expansion. The U.S.’ erred in viewing communism as a unified force. Kissinger – acting on behalf of the Ford administration – ignored the dual realities that individual states and regimes had their own goals and that tensions were high within the international socialist...
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...The Cold War Overview * Arms Race * Communism * Glossary and Terms * Space RaceMajor Events * Berlin Airlift * Suez Crisis * Red Scare * Berlin Wall * Bay of Pigs * Cuban Missile Crisis * Collapse of the Soviet UnionWars * Korean War * Vietnam War * Chinese Civil War * Yom Kippur War * Soviet Afghanistan War | People of the Cold War Western Leaders * Harry Truman (US) * Dwight Eisenhower (US) * John F. Kennedy (US) * Lyndon B. Johnson (US) * Richard Nixon (US) * Ronald Reagan (US) * Margaret Thatcher (UK)Communist Leaders * Joseph Stalin (USSR) * Leonid Brezhnev (USSR) * Mikhail Gorbachev (USSR) * Mao Zedong (China) * Fidel Castro (Cuba) | http://www.ducksters.com/history/cold_war/summary.php The Cold War Communism Communism is a type of government and philosophy. Its goal is to form a society where everything is shared equally. All people are treated equally and there is little private ownership. In a communist government, the government owns and controls most everything including property, means of production, education, transportation, and agriculture. History of Communism Karl Marx is considered the Father of Communism. Marx was a German philosopher and economist who wrote about his ideas in a book called the Communist Manifesto in 1848. His communist theories have also become known as Marxism. Marx described ten important aspects of a communist government: * No private property * A single central bank...
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...Doctrine focused on the containment of communism by providing assistance to countries resisting communism in Europe while the Eisenhower Doctrine was focused upon providing both military and economic assistance to nations resisting communism in the Middle East and by increasing the flow of trade from the United States into Latin America. The Kennedy Doctrine was based on these same objectives but was more concerned with the spread of communism and Soviet influence in Latin America following the Cuban revolution that brought Fidel Castro to power under Eisenhower during the 1950s. Some of the most notable events that stemmed from tenets of JFK’s foreign policy initiatives in regard to Latin America and the spread of communism were: The Bay of Pigs Invasion, April 17, 1961, Increase of U.S. involvement in Vietnam War, 1962, Cuban Missile Crisis, October, 1962, and Ratification of Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, July, 1963. The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US...
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...Name: Aisha Faruk Course: Plsc 101 Date: 25th march 2014 The Cuban Missile Crisis Analysis The Cuban missile crisis was one of the greatest events in the United States. The crisis in October 19 to October 28, 1962 was a main cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union. And the crisis returns on the struggle of power between the United States and the Soviet Union throughout the war. The USSR increased its support of Fidel Castro's Cuban regime, and in the summer of 1962, Nikita Khrushchev decided to install flying arms in Cuba. President Kennedy and the other leaders of the country were faced with a bad problem where a decision had to be made. The Crisis started as a result of both the Soviet Union's fear of losing the arms fight, and Cuba's fear of US attack. The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, thought that both problems could easily be solved by placing Soviet medium range missiles in Cuba. This placement would double the Soviet arsenal and protect Cuba from US attack. Khrushchev proposed this idea to Cuban Leading, Fidel Castro, who, like Khrushchev, saw the planned advantage. The two leaders worked together in privacy throughout the late-summer and early-fall of 1962. The Soviets shipped sixty medium-range flying missiles along with their weapons, equipment. When United States President, John F. Kennedy discovered the presence of these attacking weapons, he immediately organized a group of his important advisors...
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...The Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966 and the Incarceration and Disparate Treatment of Other Undocumented Persons Emillia Victoria Roque Florida International University INTRODUCTION From the beginning of is time, the United States has been a country built upon a strong foundation of leading ideals that has attracted immigrants from across the globe, which through their own hard work, trials, and triumphs, have been able to help shape America to what it has become. People are desperate to come to and become a permanent part of this country for the promise of freedom and opportunities that they may never experience in their countries of origin, such as proper health care, jobs, freedom of religion and more; opportunities that should be a right to all people. In 2008 about 11 million people were reported to be undocumented (Presten, 2012 ). While it is amazing to live in a country that can provide all these chances for people, there are several controversial issues that have arisen among the years due to the copious amounts of illegal immigrants in the residing in the country. One of the most talked about issues is that immigrants are able to readily use our resources such as health care, welfare and schools but are not legally able to pay the proper taxation for those services. In this country immigrants are often categorized as hinders to our country but they can be considered the backbone of the American society. It is more than a necessity that the American...
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...Cuba Cuba, officially named "Republic of Cuba", is the largest island in the Caribbean. The capital of Cuba is Havana, and its population is 10.8 million. The main language used by most cubans is spanish and the currency used there is a Cuban Peso, which is equal to one U.S. Dollar. Cuba is a communist state and its president, since December 1976, is Fidel Castro Ruz. The main objective of this paper is to talk about the economic and political side of Cuba during the reign of Fidel Castro. Fidel Castro was born on August 13, 1926 in Oriente. The schools that he attended were Catholic and located in Havana. He entered the University of Havana in 1945 and graduated with a law degree in 1950. In 1948 he married Mirta Diaz Balart but they were soon divorced in 1954. His son Fidel Castro Diaz Balart became the head of Cuba's atomic energy commision. Castro was a very good vocalist and he brought himself national prominence by leading an attack on Moncada army barracks. Due to this attack he was sentenced to 15 years in prison, which only lasted for 2 years. After being in exhile in Mexico, Castro returned with 81 others, including Che Guevera, to Cuba and launched a successful guerrilla war. Castro became a strong leader and many other countries begun to fear him. In Cuba the state is the head of the economy and controls almost all trade between foreign countries. Many reforms have been undertaken by the government so that the labor incentives would...
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...community and to a great extent the American people. It has been a key player in the setting up measures to facilitate commercial interaction with the international community and to protect American business abroad (Wiener, 2012). The other key issues that are largely guided by the foreign policy are the protection of American people in foreign soils, expatriation, and international education. Nevertheless, the U.S foreign policy has been a subject of heated controversy for decades now. The U.S foreign policy has taken numerous approaches to major issues across the world especially the ones that have the capacity to directly impact on its people. After the American Revolution, America is believed to have employed a non-intervention approach to global issues. This implies that America did not involve its forces in issues affecting the international community. Historical review reveals that the First World War did not affect the U.S foreign policy significantly. After the 1st World War, America embarked on activities geared towards increasing its supremacy and military might. By the Second World War, American military strength had increased tremendously positioning the country as a super power. The status of a super power meant that the America could no longer brush off issues affecting the...
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...Kennedy wanted to be able to provide the United States with the flexibility to respond to communist expansion. The President believed that the expansion of communism would become a direct threat to the United States and Europe. While Truman and Eisenhower created policies that were mainly based on containing communism in Europe and the Middle East, President Kennedy’s doctrine’s differed from his predecessors in that his doctrine focused on Latin America, especially leading up to and after the Cuban Revolution. President Kennedy believed that the United States should contain the spread of communism by using other alternative means. During President Kennedy’s term in office there were several diplomatic crises that challenged his foreign policy doctrine. The challenges included; The Bay of Pigs in 1961, The Vietnam War in 1962, and The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Although The Bay of Pigs and the United States involvement in Vietnam were seen as major efforts that supremely impacted U.S. foreign policy, it was the Cuban Missile Crisis that almost brought the United States to the brink of a nuclear disaster and clearly solidified President Kennedy’s doctrine as a success. Some pundits suggest that the chance of the conflict escalating to war was between 1 in 3. The entire conflict was brought on because the United States and the Soviet Union were entangled in a seemingly competitive arms race with each other. Because the Soviet Union began to fall behind in the arms...
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...JKF assassination. After military force service as the leader of the speed Torpedo Boats during the Second World War in the south pacific, John Kennedy stood for Massachusetts eleventh congressional district in the United States House of the legislature from 1947 to 1953 as a democrat. Later, he served in the United States council from 1953 to 1960. John Kennedy crushed the deputy President and Republican aspirant Richard in the 1960 United States presidential voting. At forty three years, he was the most young to have been nominated to the presidential office, the second-youngest President following Theodore Roosevelt, and the foremost person born in the 20th century to become the president. As a Roman catholic, John Kennedy was the only non-protestant president, and was the only president who won a Pulitzer award. Events all through his presidency incorporated the Cuban missile emergency, Bay of Pigs attack, the construction of the Berlin wall, the African American national rights group, the space race, and early phases of the Vietnam warfare. Therein, John Kennedy added the number of military force advisers, helicopters and the special operation services in an attempt to curb the increase of Marxism in South East of Asia. Kennedy’s administration approved the policy of the tactical hamlet program which was executed by the South Vietnamese administration. The policy involved certain compulsory relocation, segregation and village internment of country South Vietnamese from...
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...The Cuban Missile Crisis, an event that occurred in October 1962, almost turned the Cold War “hot”, presumably destructive for humanity as we know it. However, the conflict proved manageable, to all participating sides, as no nuclear war actually occurred. To avoid escalation of the conflict, involved nations were obliged to come to an agreement, and overcome their differences. To reach the phase of a resolution however, states underwent a series of events, which escalated the conflict. In order to understand how and why the USSR agreed to remove its missiles from Cuba and why the United States, though in secret, agreed to remove its armaments from Turkey and Italy, one must take a look at and analyze the events from that period. An idea of why the crisis occurred should be taken into account. Then, an overlook of the events during the crisis would fully reveal how and why the exact resolution was agreed. For a start, looking at the structural level, three important events which brought the crisis, could easily be distinguished. First of all, it was the policy of the United States towards Cuba. US’ elite was greatly disturbed by the Revolution that took place in Cuba. Americans were very discontent with a country leaning towards leftist politics in the region. They thought that socialist ideas would more easily be spread throughout the western hemisphere, if such a state existed. So it happened as Cuban revolutionaries proclaimed the socialist ideas in countries in...
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