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Foreign Direct Invesments a Brief Description

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Submitted By artemixadj
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econdo la definizione dell’OECD il Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) o come viene chiamato in Italia l‘Investimento diretto all’estero è:

“l’ottenimento di un interesse durevole da parte di un’entità residente (investitore diretto) in un’economia, nei confronti un’altra entità residente (Impresa di Investimento diretto) in un’economia diversa da quella dell’investitore diretto“.

L’interesse durevole implica l’esistenza di un rapporto a lungo termine tra l’Investitore Diretto (ID) e l’Impresa di Investimento Diretto (IID), quindi un grado significativo di influenza da parte dell’ID sul management dell’IID. L’investimento diretto riguarda la transazione iniziale tra ID e IID e tutte quelle successive, considerando anche quelle con le Imprese affiliate, sia di proprietà e non dell’ID.

L’OECD suggerisce che per definire un impresa come ID essa deve possedere almeno il 10% di azioni o potere di voto su un’IID. Questo determina l’esistenza di un rapporto di Investimento diretto quindi la capacità da parte dell’ID di influenzare o partecipare nel management di un’impresa, non richiede il controllo assoluto sull’IID.

In concreto gli FDI:

Dal 1986 al 2000, il PIL mondiale in termini reali (PIL nominale meno inflazione) è cresciuto ad una media di 2,5% annuo: le esportazioni sono cresciute del 5,6% annuo; mentre i flussi degli FDI sono cresciuti del 17,7% all’anno
Gli FDI costituiscono poco più del 10% del totale delle esportazioni mondiali
Provengono principalmente dai paesi sviluppati. L’Europa è di gran lunga il posto con gli ID più attivi
E sono rivolti in modo predominante ai paesi avanzati
Nei paesi avanzati prendono generalmente forma come F&A, mentre nei paesi in via di sviluppo li vediamo generalmente come “greenfields”
La mggior parte degli FDI sono concentrati in settori ad alta intensità tecnica e tecnologica

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