...You giggled happily as your husband carefully tossed you onto his bed. Leonardo crawled on top of your pretty body, showering you with kisses. Leonardo had just become your husband about two months ago and you were filled with joy. Though it was true you two still lived in the lair, you were perfectly fine with it. There were times you wished you and your husband could be alone, Leo wished that for you and him as well, but it's not like you were complaining. After the little giggle and kiss fest, you looked up at him. "I take it training went really well?" You asked, to which he chuckled. "Training was pretty casual, nothing new. If you're wondering why I'm so happy, it's because of you!" He began to playfully kiss your neck. Leonardo...
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...Adaptation Essay 04/08/2010 Adaptation of “Payback” and “Point Blank” to the Hunter Richard Stark’s novel “The Hunter” is about a guy name Parker who is seeking revenge after being left for dead by his partner and his wife. The novel entails the path of revenge that Parker seeks amongst his wife and partner. This novel has been adapted into the films “Point Blank” and “Payback.” Film adaptation is the transfer of printed work to a film, the novel being used as the basis of a film. John Bormann uses the novel as a blueprint that can be followed closely or completely changed to be traditional to his own vision for the film (Dick 276-289). The films “Payback” and “Point Blank” are a version of the Hunter, but not the actual version, there are many ways that the film maker’s “preserved the essence” of the novel. In the film “Point Blank,” Walker seeks his revenge after being betrayed by his partner Mal Reese and his wife, in a heist and Walker being left to die with bullet wounds. Walker being the central character in the film portrays a cold, ruthless man that will stop at nothing until he recovers the money that was stolen from him (Applegate). Parker the main character in “The Hunter” is also a ruthless man and also sought revenge against the ones who betrayed him. One example of this is in the novel, when the one guy who had betrayed him had protection of the mob since he used the money to get on the good graces of the crime organization, Parker took on the entire...
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...APES Chapter 11 Review 1. Five types of public land in the United States: * National Forest System- these forests are managed by the U.S. Forest Service and used for logging, mining, livestock grazing, farming, oil and gas extraction, recreation, hunting, fishing, and conservation of watershed, soil, and wildlife resources. * National Resource Lands- managed by the Bureau of Land Management, these lands are used for mining, oil and gas extraction, and livestock grazing. * National Wildlife Refuges- 542 refuges managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Most refuges protect habitats and breeding areas for waterfowl and big game to provide a harvestable supply for hunters, a few protect endangered species from extinction. * National Park System- managed by the National Park Service. It includes 56 major parks and 331 national recreation areas, monuments, memorials, battlefields, historic sites, parkways, trails, rivers, seashores, and lakeshores. Only camping, hiking, sport fishing, and boating can take place in the national parks, but sport hunting, mining, and oil and gas drilling is allowed in National Recreation Areas. * National Wilderness Preservation System- 660 road less areas that lie within the other types of public lands and are managed by agencies in charge of those lands. Most of these areas are open only for recreational activities such as hiking, sport fishing, camping, and non-motorized boating. 2. In 1988, an industry-backed coalition...
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...NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK Natural History of New York New York State covers an area of 54,077 square miles (141,229 square km), 87% of which is land. Inland lakes and rivers cover 1,894 square miles (4,908 sq. km) and the State has jurisdiction over 981 sq. miles (2,541 sq. km) of the Atlantic Ocean as well as 3,988 square miles (10,329 sq. km) of the Great Lakes. Climate New York State lies in the humid temperate region of the northeastern United States. Average January temperatures range from 15.8 to 33.8 degrees Fahrenheit and 66.2 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit in July. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year and most parts of the State receive about 40 inches annually. Variation in topography and proximity to bodies of water causes large climatic variations and these deviations have created distinct ecological zones, which are home to a complex web of biological diversity. The Landscape New York’s land forms were shaped by the recent glacial stage which disappeared not more than 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. Thompson (1977) identified nine major land form regions within the state. The Adirondack upland in the northern-most portion of the State includes New York’s highest point, Mt. Marcy, hundreds of glacial lakes, and rich mineral deposits. Other upland regions include the Appalachian upland, which occupies nearly half the state, and the Tug Hill Upland, which is the least settled part of the state due to its poor soils, bad drainage and excessive precipitation...
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...Forests in a Global Context Q1 What is the relationship between human evolution and grassland and how does this relate to global distribution of forests? Grasslands developed approximately 25 million years ago, and together with the modern homosapiens residing in Africa, they both helped each other. The relationship between grasslands and humans is extremely complex, the grasslands provide a majority of human nutrition and in turn the humans assist in their spread. By felling once tall standing forests and turning them into grasslands, the humans had a way to feed the animals they herded which in turn provided them with a source of meat and other vital nutrition necessary to sustain life for growth. Furthermore the grasslands also provided a fertile region for he humans to plant various types of crops such as maize, rice and wheat etc., further providing evidence that humans were once not only hunters but also gatherers. Once all existing value was used from the grassland, the prehistoric humans used fire as a mean to control the grassland, thereby expanding it to allow more area for animals to graze and for them to gather, or as a mean of clearing out and inhibiting woody vegetation in a new area for them to use. Burning the area when soil became infertile provided many benefits. The young plants provided an excellent source for the herds to graze on and also acted as bait to attract wild animals (potential food). Humans have affected the global distribution of forests...
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...is deforestation? Deforestation is the removal or damage of vegetation in a forest to the extent that it no longer supports its natural flora and fauna. In other words, deforestation can be defined as the transformation of forest land to non-forest uses where forest land includes lands under agro-forestry and shifting cultivation, and not simply closed canopy primary forests (FAO/UNEP, 1982). However, this definition does not include “logging”. More inclusive was Myers’s 1980 definition, where deforestation refers, “generally to the complete destruction of forest cover through clearing for agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum of 10% crown cover of trees and/or bamboo, generally...
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...PHILIPPINE FOREST Under our constitution, a forest is legally defined as “that portion of the public domain characterized by a predominant growth of trees or wood species, including nipa, mangrove, and all lands of the public domain not classified as agricultural, industrial, commercial, residential, resettlement, minerals or grazing lands”. It is often said that life comes from the forest. It is an area of land where flora and fauna are present. Types of Philippine Forests: * Dipterocarp Forest Generally, dipterocarp forests are the major source of timber and other forest products. The dominant trees in this type are internationally known as “ Philippine Mahogany” the trade name of commercial woods which are light red to reddish brown in color. The apitong, guijo, lawan, mayapis, tangile and yakal. * Pine Forests Pine forests provide long fibers which are good in making strong material for cement bags, and also provide turpentine for paint manufacture. Pine forests are usually found in mountain region of high altitude, such as in Northern Luzon. * Molave (also called mulawin) They are highly valued for natural beauty and durability. Molave stands frequently in regions of distinct dry limestone ridges. Species that belong to this type are narra, ipil, tindalo, akle,and banuyo. * Mangroves (bakawan) These types of forests occur on tidal flats. They are found along the seacost extending along the streams where the water is brackish (mixed with...
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...Lemurs in Madagascar: 1. What are Madagascar’s biomes? Discuss the major features of at least one of these biomes. ~ The major features of these biomes is that they are wet, warm, and have high levels of biodiversity. The rainforest has four different layers. (Forest floor, understory layer, canopy layer and emergent layer) 2. What changes happening in Madagascar are posing challenges for lemurs? Give details about the sources, time scale, and types of changes. ~ The biggest change in Madagascar is the deforestation of the rain forest. It disrupts the eco-system, its home, and the food supply. 3. Which type of lemur are adapting to the changes? Which type of lemurs are not adapting well? Why? ~The bamboo lemur is the type of lemur that is not adapting very easy to the changes. The ring tailed lemur seems to be adapting well because it has the ability to adapt better. 4. What behavioral and physical traits are being favored in lemurs in the changing Madagascar environment? ~Some behavioral and physical traits that are being favored are their small bodies, long noses, and large eyes. 5. Why might lemurs not evolve to adapt to the changes in Madagascar? ~They won’t adapt because of the deforestation of the rainforest. Deforestation occurs at a rate of just under 1 percent a year. 16 species of lemurs have disappeared since humans arrived. They are threatened by distinction today. 6. Which biochemical cycles may be altered by anthropogenic activities on Madagascar, and...
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...Dear Ms. Roberts, It is currently the summer of 2016 and I have just arrived in Brazil to watch the summer Olympics with my beloved, British boyfriend Harry Styles. Harry was invited to perform at the opening ceremonies here in Rio de Janeiro with his band, so I decided I would come with him and research the Tropical Rain Forests. The thing most different about rain forests compared to South Dakota is the fact that they are warm year-round. In fact, rain forests go through virtually no season changes. To say it simply, every season there is equivalent to a wet, hot summer. Tropical rainforests on average have around 100 inches of rain a year and the temperatures range from 40 degrees Fahrenheit to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. The amounts of animals that are located in the rainforests seem endless. One of my favorites, though, is the Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth. This sloth is unique because unlike many other species of animals, the male and females are almost exactly proportional. Both genders range from 17 to 31 inches in height and weigh anywhere from 5 to 15 pounds. Another very unique species I found in this tropic climate was the Red-Eyed Tree Frog. The thing you may notice at first would be the big, bulging red eyes; but I noticed their special way of camouflaging themselves. Although their eyes may be very noticeable, those big eyes are actually how they hide themselves from predators. When this species of frogs close their eyes, the eye lids are a vibrant...
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...An important ecosystem service provided by forests is the ability to counter-act the effects of global warming. Carbon dioxide, a contributing factor to global warming, is taken up by the plants and vegetation contained in forests through photosynthesis and the resulting carbon is stored in both living and dead plant biomass. This process, known as carbon sequestration, greatly reduces the potential for global climate change (IPCC 2001). Forest cover also affects the albedo, that is, the proportion of incident solar radiation that is reflected by the earths surface. The dense green coloured canopy of tropical forests have a low albedo when compared with grasslands or deforested areas. This allows for more incident solar radiation to be absorbed and cooler air termperatures (O’Brien 1996). Perhaps the most important ecosystem service provided by forests, which is a basic requirement for life, is the supply of clean water. Forests facilitate the storage of clean water through filtering precipitation through the tree canopy. This, in effect, slows the rate at which precipitation collects at the ground surface allowing it to remain unsaturated. It is estimated that over 2/3 of the clean water supply is United States is contained within stream water, which was filtered through forests, with a direct value exceeding $27 billion per year (Snail 2009). This clean water can be captured and stored in watersheds that in turn, can be used for variety of purposes including agriculture,...
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...Pacific Resources International Limited (APRIL) are used as examples of the paper and pulp manufacturers. The report will be concluded by providing recommendations regarding the issue. Indonesia overview Indonesia maintains the highest rate of illegal logging among other countries, up to 60% of timber production. Corruption has been a prevalent issue in Indonesia, and was even worse after the end of the Suharto government system. Deforestation rate is excessive from 1.3 to 2 million hectares every year. Indonesia represents about one-quarter of global tropical wood production and exports, and about half of global tropical hardwood plywood exports. Indonesia is one of the prime targets of international awareness on illegal logging and forest destruction operation (Creek 2004). According to Creek (2004), ‘The...
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...Decline in Biodiversity Deanna Garrett ENV497 Chad Goings July 15, 2013 Decline in Biodiversity Biodiversity is important in ecosystems because every life form works together in order for them to function. When these ecosystems are disrupted or altered, or even lacks biodiversity, it poses major threats to all the life forms in it, whether it happens quickly or over a long period of time. When we lack biodiversity, our ecosystems become unstable, which in turn makes them more vulnerable to disasters and they cannot contribute to our well being. Although policy makers may be faced with challenges, many considerations need to be taken into account to preserve biodiversity and to protect these areas so that these ecosystems can function properly and prosper. When we hear the word ‘biodiversity’, it pretty much explains itself. It is the amount of variation of life forms within a given biome, ecosystem, species, or even the entire plant. Many considerations need to be taken into account to preserve biodiversity and to protect these areas so that these ecosystems can function properly and prosper. With respect to the ecosystem and biodiversity, we need to remember that once our natural resources run out and when most ecosystems are destroyed, it is very hard to restore it to what it was. We need to consider our well being, as well as all the other organisms that we share the earth with. We use biodiversity all the time, whether it is direct or indirect. In order for us to...
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...deforestation in the amazon by having a demand for tropical hardwoods in the amazon. Demands for things like coffins, furniture, coal, and building materials. Also pulp has a big demand in the United States. It is estimated that by the year 2020 4 billion tons of wood will be consumed annually by the paper industry. Also the rainforest are being used as grazing land for for animals to provide for meat. Lastly united states government also help supports deforestation directly and indirectly. 3) We can save the rainforest by: 1. Don’t buy products that use the rainforest as a resource 2. Eat less meat so rainforest are not chopped down to be used as grazing lands 3. Spread general knowledge of what is being happened to rain forests so more people get involved 4. Support greener companies 5. Use FCS certified paper 6. Support formation of parks and reserves 7. Donate to charity organizations supporting rainforests 8. Buy rainforests to preserve the land 9. Support people who live around the rainforests...
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...Global Trade of Wood and Paper Products Abstract Global trade of wood products is accelerating amid shifting regional production of raw materials. At the same time structural change is occurring in regional production and consumption of finished and semi-finished wood and paper products. Some countries which once were major net exporters of wood products, such as the United States, have become major net importers. Conversely, China, a country that not long ago was a major net importer of wood products, is increasingly dominant as an exporter of value-added wood products such as furniture. What are the reasons behind these shifts in sources of supply and demand for wood and wood products? Direct forces such as population growth and rising socio-economic levels drive demand for wood and paper products. Increasing purchasing power in developing economies empowers consumers, both private and public, to purchase homes, furnishings and accessories. Indirect factors, such promotion of wood, strengthen demand and translate to significant gains in consumption in some markets. Consciousness of climate change and the advantages of wood for products and energy is creating a new impetus for increasing wood products consumption, including wood-derived energy products. Government and industry policies are important market drivers. Government policies can support increased utilization of wood, or can restrict wood in construction when standards favor competitive building materials...
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...Forest ecosystem FOREST ECOSYSTEM A forest is more than just the trees. A single forest is a complete, functioning ecosystem that supports innumerable plant and animal species as well as earth, water, and air subsystems. The subsystems provide the essence of life of the forest and are in themselves a byproduct of forest systems, all of which are reciprocal and inter dependent. A forest ecosystem is a complex of living and non-living elements which interrelate. An ecosystem can be small (like your backyard) or large (like the planet earth). It depends on the range of individual species or group of species being discussed (e.g.: a salmon stock or a forest type), geology (e.g.: a mountain range or watershed), and other issues. Different organisms exist within the forest layers. These organisms interact with each other and their surrounds. Echo organism has a role or niche in sustaining the ecosystem. Some provide food for other organisms, other provide shelter or control populations trough predation. NEEDLE LEAF Needle leaf trees fall into two categories based on how they are attached to the twig coming off the branch of the tree. On coastal redwoods and true firs, the needles will be connected directly to the twig, growing off it like leaves off the branch of a common plant. On trees like spruce trees, the individual needles will be connected to the tree via a peg-like stalk, which is also known as a needle peg. Sometimes needles on conifers are bundled together...
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