...Determining Enzyme Specificity in chemical reactions Introduction Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions by speeding up the rate of the reaction and are usually named for the substrates they work on most with –ase suffix e.g. Substrate- Lactose, Enzyme- Lactase. Every reaction requires activation energy to begin and without the aid of enzymes chemical reactions require high levels of activation energy and would be too slow to support life within cells. Since every chemical reaction that occurs in the cell produces a chain reaction that triggers other reactions enzymes help set a pace that makes things flow at a rate that ensures all reactions are timely and therefore do not hinder other progressive reactions. However, in order to ensure that there is no confusion within the cell, DNA provides the coding for each enzyme with a specific active site onto which only one or two particular substrates can attach. Based on this information it was hypothesized that Lactose is the specific enzyme for Lactose. In this experiment the enzyme Lactase was used on the substrates Lactose and Maltose to find out which of the two it would catalyze in the production of Glucose a molecule common in both substrates. Materials and Methods Two microfuge tubes one labeled Lactose, and the other Maltose. Using a clean plastic pipette 500ul of Milk (the source of the substrate Lactose) was added into the Lactose microfuge tube up to the 0.5 line and using another clean plastic...
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...Sean Cui Biology Formal Lab Report 2 Intro Throughout this lab, the main topic is genetic transformation. Genetic Transformation is a phenotypic change caused by genotype change from transferring foreign genes into an organism. This lab is to transform the bacteria E.Coli with the GFP gene (Green Fluorescent Protein). GFP makes organisms glow in the dark with UV light, similar to jellyfishes.GFP will be transferred into E.Coli through the use of recombinant DNA, or simply a vector. A vector is a plasmid that transfers foreign DNA into cells. Bacteria can transfer plasmid to other bacteria so they can survive and adapt to the environment they are in. The pGLO plasmid includes the GFP gene (allows bacteria to glow), Beta-lactamase (resists ampicillin), ORI sites (allows bacteria to self replicate), and AraC (allows induction of GFP gene). Materials and Methods: In this lab, first there will be two micro test tubes, one labled pGLO+ and the other pGLO-. Using a sterile transfer pipet, transfer 205 microliters of CaCl2 into each tube. Then put the tubes on ice. Then use a sterile loop to pick up a single colony of bacteria from the starter plate. Put the colony in the pGLO+ tube and spin the loop. Then put the tube back in ice. Repeat this for the pGLO- tube with a new sterile loop. Next use a new sterile loop and get some DNA stock. With the loop, immerse it in only in the pGLO+ tube. After that, incubate the tubes in ice for 10 minutes. Label one plate LB/amp +pGLO...
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...London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix. 1 Writing To limit...
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...Formal Lab Report Title: The Densities of Liquids and Solids compound. Abstract: In this experiment we will determine the density of liquid and a solid by two quantities of mass and the volume of a given quantity of matter.To properly measure density,we need container whose volume is known to a high degree of accuracy. This container is known as a flask and stopper. Introduction: Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance or object to its volume. At any given temperature, the ratio of mass to volume is characteristic for a given substance.Common liquids and solids of various densities are layered in a beaker. The liquids form different layers and the solids float at the interfaces between them. This demonstrates that a solid's ability to float or sink depends on its density relative to the liquid it is in.The physical properties of a pure substance are those that can be measured without changing the composition of the substance. The density of a substance is an intensive property of the substance. The property is independent of the mass of the substance ( intensive ). The density of a substance is a measure of the mass of the substance per volume occupied by the substance. The density of solids and liquids are generally given in units of grams per milliliter, while for gases the units are grams per liter. We will be determining the density of water, the density of an unknown liquid, the density of a regular solid and the density of an...
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...The Gibbon Ape Gibbon Formal Lab Report Mariah Asher New Community Jewish High School Biology Period E Mrs. Tarle December, 3, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………3 Materials & Methods …………………………………………………………………………..7 Data……………………………………………………………………………………………..9 Results………………………………………………………………………………………….10 Analysis & Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………12 References………………………………………………………………………………………15 Appendix A (Field Trip Packet)…………………………………………………………………16 Appendix B (Introduction Peer Edit)…………………………………..……………………….17 Appendix C (Materials and Methods Peer Edit…………………………………………………18 Appendix D (Results Peer Edit)…………………………………………………………………19 Appendix E (Analysis and Conclusion Peer Edit)……………………………………………….20 Introduction Gibbon apes are the world’s most acrobatic apes. “They can leap distances of 40 feet at speeds up to 35 mph while 200 feet above the ground” (Gibbon Center, 2012). Their average lifespan is 30 to 35 years in the wild, but in captivity, they can live to be about 40 to 50 years old (Gibbon Center, 2012). “The oldest known living gibbon was a 60 year-old male Müller’s gibbon named Nippy, who was housed in the Wellington Zoo in New Zealand. He passed away in 2008”...
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...of Central Florida CHM 2046L Chemistry Fundamentals Laboratory (1 Credit) Course Syllabus Graduate Laboratory Instructor: Office: Phone: E-mail: Office Hours: | Instructor: Dr. Cherie YestrebskyOffice: CH 325Phone: 407-823-2135E-mail: cherie.yestrebsky@ucf.edu | University Course Catalog Description Illustration of chemical principles and introduction to the techniques of inorganic and physical chemistry. Course Overview The Chemistry Fundamentals Laboratory course is designed to give students an insight into the processes of experimental chemistry. The course provides a series of authentic, challenging, and relevant questions which students seek to answer through experimentation in a safe environment. Lab techniques like titration, spectroscopy, dilution, and measurement will be incorporated with critical thinking exercises to enhance the learning process and improve comprehension of fundamental concepts. An introduction to writing within the science discipline will be addressed each week. Course Objectives At the end of the semester, students will be able to: * Keep safety the first priority while working in the laboratory * Design a procedure to answer a key question * Model how writing is used in a variety of chemistry genres * Experiment with glassware & equipment in alignment with their intended function * Develop stronger critical thinking skills * Use laboratory terminology/vocabulary in text and...
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...Laboratory Report Style Guide A formal lab report is how you communicate the details of an experiment to the outside world. There are many ways of writing up a laboratory experiment. You have probably already done different forms in science and biology classes. The format we will use in this class is called “journal article format,” because it is the same format that scientific journals require for published articles. More practically, it is the format required by most colleges. It more or less resembles the format of an English term paper. Sections Summary A standard journal article laboratory report is organized into the following sections: Title: A single sentence fragment (no verb) that describes your experimental objective and gives some indication of the method (procedure). Abstract: A one-paragraph summary of the entire experiment—your procedure, results, and analysis. Introduction: A description of the scientific background for your experiment, including any previous experiments that your experiment builds on. (Remember to cite your sources!) The final sentence (analogous to the thesis statement in a term paper) is the objective of your experiment. Materials and Methods: A detailed description (in paragraph format) of the procedure for your experiment. Results: Your data, as you observed/recorded it. Note that this section is only for data that you observed or measured directly. Your analysis (including calculations) belongs in the Discussion section...
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...Laboratory Report Format 1. Title Page: The following is an example of the proper lab report title page format. Of course, you must substitute information pertinent to the specific lab and course. The title page will be a single, whole page. Laboratory Exercise #1 Verification of Ohm's Law by Fred Derf Lab Partner: Jonathan Dough EETH 1811 Electronic Circuit Technology Lecture Section 001 Lab Section 101 Performed on: February 31, 1994 Submitted on: March 1, 1994 To: Dr. Pepper 2. Objective(s) Describe in formal language (third person impersonal) the objective(s) of the lab. State the rules or theories to be investigated in the lab. Rule of thumb: someone else, using the same knowledge you have, should be able to complete the task given this information alone. In some cases, lab objectives may be given to you. You should expand these supplied objectives whenever appropriate. List all components (including values) and major equipment required to perform the exercise. Be sure to include make, model, and serial numbers of all equipment used. This listing should not include items such as meter leads or jumper wires, which are required for the use of the laboratory equipment. By listing the equipment itself it is implied that the necessary meter leads or other connecting apparatus is included. Provide all detailed schematics which, when implemented, will produce the results desired. Do not include developmental schematics here. Computer drawn schematics are preferable...
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...Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0007-02-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Exercise 1: Observing Blood Questions A. What are the components of blood? Plasma, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells are the components of blood. B. What is the function of red blood cells? Red blood cells carry oxygen to your cells and remove carbon dioxide from your cells. A. C. List the five types of leukocytes and describe the function of each. Neurtophils are white blood cells that attack the infection before other white blood cells. Eosinophils are white blood cells that protect the body by killing and swallowing bacteria. Monocytes help with immune defense and rebuild damaged tissue. Basophils increase in numbers when the body has an infection and accumulate at the site of the infection. They help to increase blood flow and decrease inflammation. Lymphocytes are mostly responsible for helping the body’s immune system. They consist of B and T cells. B cells release antibodies into the body’s fluids and T cells directly attack viruses. www.LabPaq.co m 14 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc. Experiment CardiovasCular...
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...Properties of Gases Peter Jeschofnig, Ph.D. Version 42-0189-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Observations Make a table of the gases studied. Tabulate their colors, the effect on lighted or glowing splints, and other properties one might use to identify them. | | |Data Table: Experiment Results | |Gas |Flame |Glowing |Limewater |Bromothymol | | |reaction |splint |reaction |blue reaction | |Hydrogen |Bright orange | | | ...
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...To do Lab Report for Single and Double Replacement reactions : This is a formal lab report. It must be typed or written by hand with blue or black ink. Make sure that you include the following: 1. Title 2. List of Materials 3. Safety that includes MSDS risk assessment for all the materials used ( instructions were given to you already and they are in Moodle) 4. Pre-lab questions 5. Data Tables with the results obtained ( observations and predictions) 6. Post Lab: Part I : Single Replacement Reactions a. For every reaction that took place you must write the balanced chemical equation b. Which metal reacted the most? c. Rank your metals from more to least active Part II: Double replacement Reactions a. For every reaction where you observed precipitate, write the complete balanced molecular equation, the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation; use the solubility rules to identify the precipitate and the states of matter of each substance participating in the reaction. b. Which cation produced the most number of precipitates? c. Write general rules of solubility that you observed. 7. Final Conclusion and error analysis To do Lab Report for Single and Double Replacement reactions : This is a formal lab report. It must be typed or written with blue or black ink. Make sure that you include the following: 1. Title 2. List of Materials 3. Safety that includes MSDS risk assessment for all the materials used ( instructions...
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...Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate student’s writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor obseRvations Data Table 1: Brine Shrimp Hatching Data| |Day 1|Day 2|Day 3|Day 4|Day 5| |AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM| Vial #1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0| Vial #2|0|0|5|5|1|1|0|0|0|0| Vial #3|0|0|8|8|10|10|14|14|7|7| Vial #4|0|0|3|3|5|5|2|2|0|0| Vial #5|0|0|0|0|4|4|1|1|0|0| Questions A. What was your hypothesis for this experiment? I believe 60 grams of sea salt will be the best for the hatching of brine shrimp eggs. B. Based upon your observations, what was the corresponding salinity of the solutions in each of the five vials? Please explain your answer. 1) 0 2) 60 3) 90 4) 120 5) 30 Because brine shrimp have succeeded in living in highly saline bodies of water, I believe that the vials with more shrimp that hatched had the higher salinities, and the vials with no shrimp hatching...
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...objectives of TECM 2700 include the following: * learn to write clearly, concisely, and correctly * learn the value of good writing skills in business and industry * learn and practice writing various technical documents common in business and industry * use word processing and graphics software to create effective technical documents * learn to write as a member of a team Evaluation Style Exam 11 February 100 pts. Design Case Study 25 February 100 pts. Correspondence Case Study 25 February 50 pts. Job Materials Case Study 6 March 100 pts. Proposal 1 April 100 pts. Team Instructions 8 April 100 pts. Team Feasibility Report 17 April 100 pts. Formal Project 1 May 200 pts. E-Portfolio 1 May 100 pts. Professionalism* continuous 50 pts....
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...Histology Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0013-00-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Purpose What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. Exercise 1: Epithelial Tissue Data Table 1: Epithelial Tissue Observations | TISSUE TYPE | OBSERVATIONS | Simple Squamous | Flat, scale-like cells, and very close together. | Simple Cuboidal | Single layer of cube/oval like cells, cells are not packed together | Simple Columnar (stomach) | Single layer of different sized tall, narrow cells, connective tissue | Simple Columnar (duodenum) | | Stratified Squamous (keratinized) | | Stratified Squamous (non-keratinized) | | Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar | | Transitional | | Stratified Cuboidal (online) | | Stratified Columnar (online) | | Questions A. Why is the study of histology important in the overall understanding of anatomy and physiology? B. How...
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...LAB CHECKLIST 1. BEFORE YOU BEGIN ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ PRINT: Find and Print your lab CHECK FORMAT: Make sure you have all the pages and that they printed correctly READ: Read the ENTIRE lab UNDERSTAND: Look up any words you do not understand in your textbook or approved sources (dictionary, reading material from class) NOT Wikipedia and write the definitions on the lab HIGHLIGHT: Highlight any portions of the lab that seem important, tricky, or that you have questions about PRELAB: Complete any Prelab questions 2. WHILE COLLECTING DATA ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ASK: Before you begin, ask the teacher any questions that you had while reading the lab READ: Read the instructions again before each new step MEASURE: Make clear and precise measurements – DO NOT FORGET UNITS RECORD: record all measurements clearly, make sure you can find and read them later – DO NOT FORGET UNITS OBSERVE: Make good observations – record what you saw, smelled, felt, heard, etc. No detail is too small and there is often no going back to see it again PARTICIPATE: Make sure that everyone in your lab group is participating and has all of the data recorded 3. AFTER COMPLETING DATA COLLECTION ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ READ: Reread the methods – did you miss anything? Are there any steps on the next page? READ: As soon as you are sure the data collection is complete, read the directions for the lab report/writeup – Do you have all the data you need? How will you need to organize the data? Are you using class, group, or personal data...
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