...INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGIC PLANNING Information System Strategic Planning, the Cost of Efficiency Student Name University Any Town, Virginia September 2010 Certification and Approval A Directed Research Project on Information System Strategic Planning the Cost of Efficiency: Is there a preferred approach to information systems planning, submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Strayer University in candidacy for the degree of Master’s of Science in Information Systems. Submitted by: _________________________Date: _______________ Approved by: ___________________________ Date: _______________ ABSTRACT Information systems’ planning is often costly to implement and maintain; however, sound planning practices may reduce expenses associated with the development processes. A Formal methodical approach to systems analysis, requirements engineering, systems design, development, and construction may offer a reduction in development and certain aspects of life cycle support expenses. Corporate expenses may reach approximately 5% of their gross income on information systems development and support. This equates to approximately $15,000,000 to $35,000,000 annually (Whitemarsh Information Systems Corp. 2008, p.). Information systems may cost significantly less. In comparison, information systems, contingent upon other factors such as size of the company, and complexity of the information system cost may range anywhere from $2,000,000 to $10,000,000 per system. Corporate...
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...Introduction The core of Information Systems (IS) has long been suggested to be software engineering. Software Engineering Research Methodology (SERM) can be known as an approach that mixed a galaxy of new concepts and emerging information technologies and then express this mixture in an innovative artefact in order to do some academic knowledge to basic research field and prompt the further research in the relevant fields. There need to construct a paradigm that can completely describes research using SERM approaches. A SERM framework based on this paradigm is presented to allow developmental research to be performed using a stringent methodology. Software Engineering as Research Research can be described as a scientific approach rather than one of the several different ways of promoting building and understanding of new knowledge. Moreover, scientific research is defined as a process of systemic inquiry conducted with the protection of a theoretical infrastructure. Research and evaluation, which is similar to research, can be distinguished by using theory as the fundamental. As Mertens argues that evaluation is associated with the acquiring of information for decision making in a given environment, however, research, which means a wider field, is more typically connected with contributing new knowledge that can be used in the relative fields Can software engineering be research? According to the definitions from Sir Karl Popper (1980) and Blake (1978), whether or...
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...ESTABLISHING A FORMAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 1 Establishing a Formal Systems Development Process NAME Dr. Matthew Anyanwu CIS510 Advance System Analysis and Design 21 July 2010 ESTABLISHING A FORMAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 2 Absract Brian and Carrie are systems analysts with many years of systems development experience at a large firm. Jane has recently been hired as the company’s first-ever process manager. She has been reviewing the company’s past practices of systems development with the intent of trying to establish a formal systems development process for the company. Brian has been a long-time proponent of the waterfall approach to systems development. Carrie has been a big proponent of the iterative/incremental development approach. Both are known to be very opinionated on the tools and techniques that should be used for systems development projects and both are lobbying Jane very hard to adopt their preferred techniques. This paper will describe how Jane should deal with the two system analysts from a technical and human resource perspective and explain the factors that Jane should consider in establishing a process management solution. Additionally, assuming you have two promising tools and techniques, we will suggest three or more ways you can foster a team environment when one analyst does not get his or her way. ESTABLISHING A FORMAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT...
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...SELECTING A DEVELOPMENT APPROACH Original Issuance: February 17, 2005 Revalidated: March 27, 2008 Introduction A system development methodology refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information system. A wide variety of such frameworks have evolved over the years, each with its own recognized strengths and weaknesses. One system development methodology is not necessarily suitable for use by all projects. Each of the available methodologies is best suited to specific kinds of projects, based on various technical, organizational, project and team considerations. CMS has considered each of the major prescribed methodologies in context with CMS’ business, applications, organization, and technical environments. As a result, CMS requires the use of any of the following linear and iterative methodologies for CMS systems development, as appropriate. Acceptable System Development Methodologies Waterfall Initial Investigation Requirements Definition System Design Coding, testing,... Implementation Operation & Support Framework Type: Linear Basic Principles: 1. Project is divided into sequential phases, with some overlap and splashback acceptable between phases. 2. Emphasis is on planning, time schedules, target dates, budgets and implementation of an entire system at one time. 3. Tight control is maintained over the life of the project through the use of extensive written documentation, as...
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...YOUR SYSTEM: 1. Insourcing 2. Selfsourcing (also called end-user development) 3. Outsourcing MAJOR SDLC PHASES: 1. Planning 2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Development 5. Testing 6. Implementation 7. Maintenance PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IN PLANNING PHASE: 1. Define the system to be developed 2. Set the project scope 3. Develop the project plan PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IN ANALYSIS PHASE: 1. Gathering the business requirements 2. Prioritize the requirements PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IN DESIGN PHASE: 1. Design the technical architecture 2. Design the system model PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IN DESIGN PHASE: 1. Build the technical architecture 2. Build the database and programs PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IN DESIGN PHASE: 1. Write the test conditions 2. Perform the testing of the system PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IN IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: 1. Write detailed user documentation 2. Provide training for the system users PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IN MAINTENANCE PHASE: 1. Build a help desk to support the system users 2. Provide an environment to support system changes COMMON TYPES OF TESTS: 1. Unit testing 2. System testing 3. Integration testing. 4. User acceptance testing (UAT) TYPES OF TRAINING: 1. Online training 2. Workshop training IMPLEMENTATION METHODS: 1. Parallel implementation 2. Plunge implementation 3. Pilot implementation 4. Phased implementation COMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES: ...
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...Soft Systems Methodology A report by Dale Couprie Alan Goodbrand Bin Li David Zhu Department of Computer Science University of Calgary Table of Contents. Abstract. Introduction Map Stage 1. Problem situation unstructured. Stage 2. Problem Situation expressed. Rich Pictures Illustration of Stage 1 and Stage 2 as a whole in SSM Pitfalls that must be avoided. Stage 3: Naming of Relevant Systems Root Definitions CATWOE Stage 4: Conceptual Models Systems Thinking Formal Systems Model Monitoring a System Stage 5: Comparing Conceptual Models with Reality Using Conceptual Models as a Base for Ordered Questioning Comparing History with Model Prediction General Overall Comparison Model Overlay Stages 6 and 7. Implementing Feasible and Desirable Changes Case Study - Rethinking a Service Function in the Shell Group Stages 1 and 2 Stage 3: Naming of Relevant Systems Stage 4: Conceptual Models Stage 5: Comparing Conceptual Models with Reality Stages 6 and 7. Implementing Feasible and Desirable Changes Observations and Conclusions Exercise References Figures. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Soft Systems Methodology map. Transformation process for producing Rich Picture. The routing of Systems Thinking. Shell's MF Rich Picture. Shell's MF world view of training. Shell's MF training conceptual model. Tables. Table 1. One to one transformations involving different world views. Table 2. Shell's Comparison with reality. Abstract This document deals with...
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...Enterprise Systems Development: Impact of Various Software Development Methodologies By NAVEEN KARKONDA Id#110-00-4907 Abstract: Software Development Methodologies have always been the main focus in the software development life cycle of any project. Each evolutionary shift introduced new ways of thinking and viewing problems as well as introducing strengths and weaknesses in software development. However, identifying one stop solution in terms of a software development methodology for enterprise wide application development whose various sub-components or sub-stages can be best used to describe a software development scenario is still an evolving domain. This, coupled with the reality that computer science and its allied areas like information systems and information technology domains are moving forward rapidly with regards to available technologies, making it extremely difficult task for practitioners to maintain pace with the available information technologies and their application in various domains. It is to address these scenarios and probabilities that this research paper examines various software development methodologies or process models and their impact on the overall software development life cycle. 1. Introduction: Software Development Methodologies have always been the main focus during the software development life cycle of any project. Over the past 40 years, there have been significant paradigm shifts in software development, such as...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 4 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 4 1.3 THE AIM OF THE STUDY. 5 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 5 1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 5 1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5 1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 6 1.8 ORGANIZATION OF STUDY 6 1.9 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 6 CHAPTER TWO 7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF RURAL AND MICRO FINANCE INDUSTRY 7 2.2.0 RURAL AND COMMUNITY BANKS (RCBS) 9 2.2.1 SAVINGS & LOANS COMPANIES 10 2.3 NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS 10 2.4 INFORMAL FINANCE 11 2.4.1 MONEYLENDERS 11 2.4.2 TRADERS 12 2.5 GOVERNMENT CREDIT PROGRAMS 12 2.5.1 INTEREST RATES 13 2.5.2 SECURITY 13 2.5.3 THE NEED FOR THE RURAL CREDIT 14 2.5.4 RURAL BANK OPERATIONS 16 3.0 METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 THE RESEARCH DESIGN 18 3.2 POPULATION 18 3.3 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 18 3.4 INSTRUMENT 19 3.5 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE 19 3.6 DATA ANALYSIS 19 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY If current agricultural trends continue, by the year 2020 sub-Saharan Africa’s food shortage will...
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...4/4/2016 49004 Systems Engineering for Managers Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) - An Introduction Last Lecture 2 We completed our introduction to systems concepts: Definitions Characteristics Significance Feedback 1 4/4/2016 This lecture 3 We will give a brief description of Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology (SSM); We will indicate where it is appropriate to use; We will distinguish it from “hard” approaches. 4 Lecture Relevant Reading Checkland P (1993), “The Development of ‘Soft’ Systems Thinking”, Jackson MC (2004), “Soft Systems Methodology”, Optional Reading: Staker RJ (1999), An Application of Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology to the Development of a Military Information Operations Capability for the Australian Defence Force 2 4/4/2016 “Classical” Systems Engineering 5 One way of thinking suggests… engineering begins when a need is established. the engineer’s task then provides a solution ... A “how to” oriented activity the need is expressed in terms of a system with defined objectives If there is a current situation S0 and a future, desired situation S1, then select the best of the available ways of getting from S0 to S1 so that the process becomes one of evaluating alternative solutions using models and criteria However… 6 More often than not, for managers, the problem is ill-defined – or the need is not readily established “What is the issue?” is the relevant question before...
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...Application Development (RAD) by outlining A brief history of development approaches leading to it Rationale Advantages/Disadvantages GUI Builders/Designers Event Driven Programming Application Programming II Rapid Application Development and Prototyping Rapid Application Development and Prototyping What is RAD? 3 RAD Approaches 4 Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a development lifecycle designed to give much faster development and higher-quality results than those achieved with the traditional lifecycle. It is designed to take the maximum advantage of powerful development software that has evolved recently (Martin, 1991). By using a series of proven application development techniques, within a well-defined methodology, organisations can quickly and cheaply develop systems without compromising on quality . Rapid Application Development and Prototyping Barry Boem’s spiral model James Martin's RAD methodology Agile methods Rapid Application Development and Prototyping 1 2/29/2016 What is RAD? 5 What is RAD? 6 Dr. James Martin came up with the RAD software development methodology/approach in the late 1980’s. This was in response to the non-agile Stagewise or Waterfall Models methodologies of the 1970s. Unlike the traditional conventional approaches, RAD emphasises development rather than specification and planning. It is thus a flexible and rapid development process where...
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...Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition Copyright 2006 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. . Planning Chapter 1 3-2 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition Copyright 2006 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 3-3 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition Copyright 2006 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The SDLC is composed of four fundamental phases: Planning Analysis Design Implementation 1-4 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition Copyright 2006 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Each of the phases include a set of steps, which rely on techniques that produce specific document files that provide understanding about the project. 1-5 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition Copyright 2006 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. To Understand the SDLC: Each phase consists of steps that lead to specific deliverables The system evolves through gradual refinement 1-6 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition Copyright 2006 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Phase I: Planning 1-7 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and...
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...in both open and closed-source development. T he open source software community has published a substantial body of research on OSS quality. Focusing on this peer-reviewed body of work lets us draw conclusions from empirical data about how to achieve OSS quality, rather than relying on the large volume of evangelical opinion that has historically dominated this field. This body of published research has become much more critical and objective in its efforts to understand OSS development, and a consensus has emerged on the key components of high-quality OSS delivery. This article reviews this body of research and draws out lessons learned, investigating how the approaches for delivering high-quality OSS differ from, and can be incorporated into, closed-source software development. paring quality management in open source and closed-source software development. OSS development must also manage a geographically distributed team, requiring focus on coordination tasks. Yet OSS development seems to eschew best practices without software quality suffering. Indeed, an extensive study of 100 open source applications found that structural code quality was higher than expected and comparable with commercially developed software.1 The body of research demonstrates that OSS development does retain some of the underlying best-practice tasks from closed-source development—central management, code ownership, task ownership, planning and strategy, system testing, leadership, and decision...
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...TERMS * Rural Financial Services Project (Africa Development Bank, German Agency for Technical Cooperation, World Bank): refers to a project being undertaken by the above bodies to provide financial services to the rural dwellers to enhance development. * Credit risk: This refers to the degree to which it is likely that a borrower or debtor may not repay a loan or debt. It also means a particular borrower or debtor perceived by a lender or creditor as being particularly not likely to repay a debt. (Microsoft Encarta 2007). | | | INTRODUCTION Poverty is one of the problems faced by the people living in the rural areas and this largely affects their lifestyles both socially and economically. Along with poverty, many other social problems or issues can be pointed out including unemployment, lack of education, lack of proper governance and over population. These problems are associated with poverty and most of the time regarded as causes or effects. In government’s bid to eradicate poverty from the rural areas, it adopted strategies and one of such strategies is microfinance. Microfinance involves the application of innovative methodologies that make financial services available to relatively poor households and microenterprises. Microfinance can also be termed as the practice of providing financial services including micro credit, micro savings and micro insurance to poverty stricken or poor individuals, such that they are assisted to collect large sums of money...
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...Chapter 1 The Uniqueness of Software Quality Assurance • • • • • • Part 1 The software quality challenge What is software quality? Software quality factors The components of the software quality assurance system – overview The software quality challenge • The Software Quality Challenge • Differences between Software Products and Industrial Products • Only Chance to Discover Defects: • The Environment for which SQA Methods are Developed The Software Quality Challenge • This chapter is essentially about two major topics: – The uniqueness of software quality assurance – The environments for which SQA methods are developed. Introduction • Why study Quality Assurance and Testing? • With all the methodology wars, numerous processes, huge number of tools to assist in software development, why this separate topic? • What makes SQA important that it deserves so much attention? • SQA is a key course in software engineering curricula. Differences between Software Products and Industrial Products • High complexity – The potential ways in which a software product can be used with different data / data paths reflecting different incoming data is almost infinite. – Manner in which industrial products can be used are usually well-defined. – Think about software: • every loop with different values of data reflects a different opportunity to see software fail. • In truth, the number of paths through a non-trivial software product...
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...on the users’ requirements. A right software development methodology should be employed in order to develop a right product such as Waterfall modeling. Design process are steps that enable the software developer to describe, analyze all aspects of product to be developed. It should not suffer from the ‘tunnel vision’ that is the developer should consider alternative approaches judging each as per the user’s requirements. It should also be traceable to its analysis model since one design can be traced to many requirements, so they should be a clear means of tracking them. Design should use the backlog of existing system but not inventing the wheel. However, there should be uniformity and integration in the design and should regularly be reviewed to avoid semantic errors. The design should be developed in such a way that it can be altered when need arises. It should also be assessed to ensure software quality. Software design considerations are: compatibility in that the system is design to operate in any platform that is not limited to a specific environment. The design should be extensible; in that new elements can be added easily without altering the core functionality of the architecture. It should be scable; it should adapt well to the increasing number of users or data. It should also be robust design; that is should work under pressure i.e. low memory capacity. Software design should be done well with the real time system which processes concurrent inputs from many sources...
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