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Framework for Analyzing the Development Impact of a Project

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Submitted By VENKYPAI
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Case Analysis: “Framework for analyzing the development impact of a project”.
Adam smith wrote in his 1976 classic “The Wealth of Nations” that a private businessman worried only about the profitability of his investments, would be guided by an invisible hand , to those actions which are best for society as whole. But he also noted that the results do not always follow.
More often than not, In a free market the managers will take into account the extra costs and benefits from their actions and decisions to their private business and not consider their effects on society as a whole. There are several reasons why the profitability of an investment from a society’s perspective may differ from the private business. An example would be the environmental pollution impact of the Leather tanning and textile dyeing industries vs. the private profits.
The concept of social return is very complex considering that every project affects a wide cross section of society different ways. These impacts may be primary and secondary in nature. Determining the net impact for calculation of social returns is complex. This case provides a framework to analyze the social returns as compared to the private returns of an investment project .The methodology to do this is follows
Define the reasons, why social and private returns will differ. Namely
• Externalities- All large projects have negative and positive externalities. For example a new power plant in power starved Indian states may unlock a lot of productivity trapped for the lack of power supply (Positive) but will lead to pollution effects on society (Negative). Both of these will not be captured in the private returns.
To understand the impact of negative externalities we can use the picture below

A

If left to free markets without taking into

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