...Can Financial Management Decisions Influence Firm Value Economy 2302 Monique Martin Chu Nguyen Financial management is a work plan that details the revenue and expenses of a company. Financial decisions are strategies that achieve the financial objectives of a company that include capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management. Modigliani and Miller (1958) received the Nobel Prize in economics for their study of the relationship between capital structure and corporate value, with and without corporate tax. Whether financial management decisions influence firm value is still debated daily because there are plenty of uncertain factors. In this paper, I intend to discuss related theories about financial management and the efficiency of capital market. The main objective of management is to insure all scarce resources are used in a efficient and effective way that will allow a company to reach its financial target. In most cases, that target is to achieve profit of value. If isues or losses occur, the company will usually revise its polices to address those issues in hopes of resolving the issue and putting the company back on the road to make profits. Management decisions made by a company or firm include but are not limited to capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management. Capital budgeting is a process of long run overall arrangements to make timely and reasonable investments...
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...Do financial management decisions influence firm value? Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Background overview 3 2.1 Financial management decisions 3 2.1.1 Capital budgeting 4 2.1.2 Capital structure 4 2.1.3 Working capital management 5 2.1.4 Relationship 5 2.2 Efficiency of the capital markets 5 3. Empirical study 6 3.1 Select a FTSE 100 company—HSBC Holdings PLC 6 3.2 Financial decisions taken over in the past three years 7 3.3 Appraise the financial management decisions 8 3.4 Impacts the financial management decisions have on the company’s value 9 3.5 Analysis 10 4. Conclusion 11 References 12 Bibliography 13 1. Introduction The financial management is a comprehensive and complex work to plan the expenditure and revenue in detail, so as to accumulate more profit guarantee the future expansion and daily normal operation. Financial management decisions are the strategies to achieve their financial objectives which mainly include capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management. Scholars have been devoting themselves into this discipline for a long time, especially the research of capital structure. Modigliani and Miller (1958) even got their Nobel Prize in economics for their study of the relationship between capital structure and corporate value, with and without corporate tax. But whether financial management decisions influence the firm value and how policies affect it are still open for discussion...
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...Finance Theories Taxonomy 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy 2 Finance Theories Taxonomy This document presents a taxonomy of selected finance theories developed in past 5 decades by academics, practitioners and scholars in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America. A total of 14 theories and models are synthesized in this work, organized in five tables with the same structure: Theories of capital structure; capital budgeting and cost of equity; asset valuation, financial behavior and international finances. Each table contains theories organized alphabetically with an indication of its germinal or current character. The description of the theory is accompanied by current examples of empirical research that updates or contradicts the theory and additional information about limitations, scope and opportunities of research. Finance Theories Taxonomy 3 Table 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy: Theories of capital structure Theory General description Current examples of the theory Other attributes Modigliani and Miller Germinal theory of corporate finance A review of the theory by Criticism against flaws of M& M theory Theory of investment proposed by Miller and Modigliani Miller himself, offers a new (Ball, 2001) (1958) argues that “the value of a firm view about the so called ‘junk 1. Market perfection. M&M assumed is independent of its capital structure” bonds’ which were considered information was...
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...Modigliani and Miller proposition one (Modigliani & Miller 1958) assume that the composition of the firm's capital Structure is unimportant on the market value of all firms' securities, and consequently the firm's performance and shareholders' value. “The market value of any firm is independent of its capital structure and is given by capitalizing its expected return at the rate appropriate to its class. “This model depends on two keys, arbitrage and homemade alternative (borrowing on personal account). Arbitrage is the process that ensures that two firms differing on laying their capital structure must have the same performance. At the same time the homemade alternative describes that an investor holding an equity stake in a levered firm can sell his stake, raise a personal loan equal to the share that he held in the levered firm, spend the proceeds in a firm that is not levered and increase his income without additional cost. They assume that the shares of the firms within a given class both have the same expected return and the same probability distribution of expected return, and therefore can be considered perfect substitutes for each other. Modigliani and Miller proposition two This proposition is derived from the first one and it concerns he performance of a Common stock in companies whose capital structure contains some debt. The expected rate of return of a stock of any company belonging to a class is a linear function of the firm's leverage. “The expected...
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...Harley-Davidson/Ducati Case Study November 20, 2013 Question 1 Ducati: Ducati is an Italian motorcycle manufacturing company that is renowned for its high performance and stylish motorcycles. Ducati is committed to racing competitions, state of the art design, style, and most importantly, an immense passion for bikes. Ducati has created a strong bond with its customers, beginning on the racetracks and spreading worldwide. Ducati builds high performance bikes for bike enthusiasts, known as “Ducatisti”. Ducastisti are individuals who value performance as the main attribute in a motorcycle. Since Ducati delivers this, it creates brand loyalty. Since the early 90s, Ducati has created a distinctive community image with local and national Ducati enthusiast clubs by placing Ducati as a symbol of refined skills and craftsmanship that every motorcycle evokes and represents. In the World Superbike Championship, Ducati has won 15 out of the last 18 Riders’ titles and 16 Manufacturers’ titles. In conclusion, Ducati customers are confident that they are purchasing high performance motorcycles. Harley Haley Davidson is exhibited as an American icon. Consumers view and associate Harley Davidson with riders, wear leather, have tattoos and with police officers, military dispatch riders and motorcycle gangs. Harley’s image is also viewed as something that is catered for and used by Caucasian American males in their 40-50 (Nolan pg.2-3).Harley Davidson’s riders feel a lifestyle connection...
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...Global Economic Review Vol. 37, No. 1, 107Á123, March 2008 Performance and Capital Structure of Privatized Firms in Europe ´ ´ MARIA JOSE ARCAS & PATRICIA BACHILLER Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to analyze whether there are differences in performance between private firms and recently privatized firms in the European Union, as well as to determine whether ownership (state-owned versus private) and regulation affect capital structure. Focusing on economic reasons that justify privatizations, we analyze whether there are differences between recently privatized state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and private firms in their profitability, leverage and efficiency during the period 1999Á2002. Also, we analyze the determinants of the capital structure of these firms. Contrary to previous studies, our results show that privatized firms are not less efficient than firms with private ownership. KEY WORDS: Privatization, efficiency, capital structure, regression, Wilcoxon test Summary In recent decades, the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been one of the most common policies carried out in economies worldwide and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries have also been involved in this phenomenon. Many studies have focused on the impact of privatization on the performance of the privatized firms...
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...These companies’ are traded under ‘brands’ and make them for both men and women and have global licenses of fragrances, eyewear, and timepieces. These companies’ retail/ wholesale engages in the sale of luxury goods through mainline stores, have directly operated stores and concessions, a digital platform active in various languages. The companies’ have subsidiaries in Europe, Middle East, India, Africa and Asia Pacific region. Using the companies’ annual report of the recent year ending 2014 and 2015 a corporate governance analysis can be made. Does the geographical location of this company impact on their corporate governance structure? The geographical location is important and has an impact of their corporate governance approach since where the headquarters is situated and proximity to the management board influence the decision making of the companies’ by laws, countries have to adopt a system or more than one system of governance as seen in France. Hugo Boss and Burberry are companies’ whose approach of corporate governance are stakeholder and shareholder oriented respectively. Letza et al 2004, compares shareholders and stakeholders approach as the two distinct model adopted over the years by advanced industrial nations and governments. The world is now a global village, funds can be gotten internationally, so the need to boost income, growth, profitability and longevity is sought after. In order to build cross border investment and growth, the demand for transparency...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The experience of business failure and financial scandals around the world brought about the need for good governance practices. The United States of American, Brazil, Canada, Germany, France, England, Nigeria all witnessed financial failures in the 90s and in the recent periods. This view was supported by Bell et al (2000), that the last 20 years witnessed several bank failures throughout the world. Financial distresses in most of these countries were attributed to a high incidence of non – performing loans, weak management and poor credit policy. In the view of Omankhanlen (2011), the development was said to have reflected the deterioration in the quality of credit facilities, coupled with the ongoing reclassification of bank assets. The banking institution occupies a vital position in the stability of the nation’s economy. It plays essential roles on fund mobilization, credit allocation, payment and settlement system as well as monetary policy implementation. Management is expected to exhibit good governance practices to ensure achievement of it objectives and avoid the consequences of failure leading to loss of confidence. This view was supported by Wilson (2006) that poor corporate governance can lead market to lose confidence in the inability of a bank to properly manage it assets and liability, including deposits which could in turn trigger a bank liquidity crisis. Oluyemi (2005) considered corporate governance...
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...Section 7: Conclusion Section China and the World: Scenarios to 2025 7 Conclusion Given the importance of China today, there can Wild cards are low probability events which be no doubt that the determination of Chinese would have a significant impact if they were to leadership to maintain the course of reform will occur. In the case of China they could include : be a decisive factor in the global future. It is • A possible Taiwan conflict : equally true that the support of other global How would China react if Taiwan were to players and their preparedness to welcome declare independence ? For many years China in its gradual rise in greatness will have a independence was not an issue as the direct impact on how China emerges. Given the Kuomintang rulers of Taiwan claimed they close connection between China and global were the real government of China and welfare, these scenarios indicate that outsiders had no interest in relinquishing their claim must appreciate the scale of the challenges on sovereignty. But independence has faced by the government in Beijing, and that become an issue with the rise of generations those in China need to comprehend the born and raised on the island. They have sensitivities of outsiders to its rise. successfully established democratic rule and some do not want to be subject to rule Raising awareness of differing sensitivities is an important role that scenarios can play. from a distant capital. The implications of...
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...GRUNDFOS A/S IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Case updated by MSJ Center for International Business Department of Business Studies September 2009, Aalborg University (updated August 2011) Table of Contents A. The World Pump Market: ........................................................................................................................ 3 1. Introduction: ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Major Markets: ....................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Technological Developments (Brief History):............................................................................. 4 4. Main applications of Pumps: ............................................................................................................. 4 5. Industry drivers: ................................................................................................................................... 5 6. Major Players and the Level of Competition: ............................................................................. 5 B. Grundfos: ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Company Profile: ...............................................................................
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...Academy of Management Review 2003, Vol. 28, No. 3, 447–465. THE CROSS-NATIONAL DIVERSITY OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: DIMENSIONS AND DETERMINANTS RUTH V. AGUILERA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign GREGORY JACKSON Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry We develop a theoretical model to describe and explain variation in corporate governance among advanced capitalist economies, identifying the social relations and institutional arrangements that shape who controls corporations, what interests corporations serve, and the allocation of rights and responsibilities among corporate stakeholders. Our “actor-centered” institutional approach explains firm-level corporate governance practices in terms of institutional factors that shape how actors’ interests are defined (“socially constructed”) and represented. Our model has strong implications for studying issues of international convergence. Corporate governance concerns “the structure of rights and responsibilities among the parties with a stake in the firm” (Aoki, 2000: 11). Yet the diversity of practices around the world nearly defies a common definition. Internationalization has sparked policy debates over the transportability of best practices and has fueled academic studies on the prospects of international convergence (Guillen, 2000; Rubach & Sebora, ´ 1998; Thomas & Waring, 1999). What the salient national differences in corporate governance are and how they should best be conceptualized remain hotly debated...
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...Journal of Retailing 87 (3, 2011) 253–268 Franchising Research Frontiers for the Twenty-First Century Rajiv P. Dant a,∗ , Marko Grünhagen b,1 , Josef Windsperger c,2 a Michael F. Price College of Business, The University of Oklahoma, 307 West Brooks, Norman, OK 73019-4001, USA b Eastern Illinois University, School of Business, 4002 Lumpkin Hall, Charleston, IL 61920, USA c Center of Business Studies, University of Vienna, Brünner Strasse 72, A-1210 Vienna, Austria Abstract About four decades ago, during the formative years of the franchising industry, visionary authors like Oxenfeldt and Kelly (1968) and Ozanne and Hunt (1971) proposed a rich slate of research agenda which still continues to guide some of the contemporary scholarship in the franchising domain. This article (1) explicates some of the unique features of the franchising context that presumably inspired these pioneering authors, (2) discusses four established elements of ontology unique to franchising and isolates the remaining research gaps therein, (3) specifies a new slate of more contemporary research agenda for future scholarship, and (4) concludes with a brief discussion of the ten articles featured in this Special Issue of the Journal of Retailing dedicated to the theme of Franchising and Retailing. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of New York University. Keywords: Franchising Research Agenda; Research Frontiers; Mixed Motives Context; Asymmetrical Power Setting; Twenty-First Century ...
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...DETERMINANTS OF CEO COMPENSATION: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN BANKING INDUSTRY CHONG KOK CHIEK (AC082799) MUHAMMAD AZWAN BIN MOHD ARIFFIN (AC082868) SITI SUHANNA BINTI ABDUL GHANI (AC083010) BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTING (HONS.) COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL 2012 DECLARATION We hereby declare that this project is our original work except for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged and that it has not been previously and/or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Tenaga Nasional and/or other institutions. CHONG KOK CHIEK AC 082799 MUHAMMAD AZWAN MOHD ARIFFIN AC 082868 SITI SUHANNA ABDUL GHANI AC 083010 Date of submission: 13th August 2012 i ACKNOWLEGDEMENT We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our project supervisor, Mr. Wan Mohammad Taufik bin Wan Abdullah, lecturer of Department of Accounting of Universiti Tenaga Nasional, for his valuable advices and continuous guidance throughout the research process. Mr. Taufik spent a lot of time enlightening us on various issues, giving us a comprehensive view in the academic aspect via our meetings within his busy working schedule. It is our pleasure to have him as our project supervisor. Without his unconditional support and care, our project could not be finished effectively. He let us try different approaches with confidence in the process, assisting us to solve a lot of problems especially at the time when we did...
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...Capital Asset Pricing Model: The Indian Context R Vaidyanathan T he Capital Asset Pricing model is based on two parameter portfolio analysis model developed by Markowitz (1952). This model was simultaneously and independently developed by John Lintner (1965), Jan Mossin (1966) and William Sharpe (1964). In equation form the model can be expressed as follows: E (Ri) = Rf + (i [E(rm) – Rf] = Rf +(im / (m (E(Rm) – Rf / (m) Where E(Ri) is expected return on asset i, Rf is the risk-free rate of return, E(Rm) is expected return on market proxy and (i; is a measure of risk specific to asset i. This relationship between expected return on asset i and expected return on market portfolio is also called the security market line. If CAPM is valid, all securities will lie in a straight line called the security market line in the E(R), (i frontier. The security market line implies that return is a linearly increasing function of risk. Moreover, only the market risk affects the return and the investor receive no extra return for bearing diversifiable (residual) risk. The set of assumptions employed in the development of the CAPM can be summarized as follows [Sears and Trennepohl (1993)]: 1. Investors are risk-averse and they have a preference for expected return and a dislike for risk. 2. Investors make investment decisions based on expected return and the variances of security returns, i.e. two-parameter utility function...
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...Volume 10 Number 6 June 4, 2007 Black Intellectual Genocide: An Essay Review of IQ and the Wealth of Nations Girma Berhanu Göteborg University Sweden Lynn, Richard & Vanhanen, Tatu. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. Citation: Berhanu, Girma. (2007). Black intellectual genocide: An essay review of IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Education Review, 10(6). Retrieved [date] from http://edrev.asu.edu/essays/v10n6index.html. Abstract I review the book IQ and the Wealth of Nations, written by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen. I critique the authors’ major assertion that a significant part of the gap between rich and poor countries is due to differences in national intelligence. The authors claim that they have evidence that differences in national IQ account for substantial variation in per capita income and growth of a nation. This essay review debunks their assumptions that intellectual and income differences between nations stem from genetic differences. This critique provides an extended review of the research literature that argues against these assumptions and presents a different picture from that presented by Lynn and Vanhanen about the concept of intelligence, what IQ measures and does not measure. The essay exposes the racist, sexist, and antihuman nature of the research tradition in which the authors anchored their studies and the deep methodological flaws and theoretical assumptions that appear in their book. The low standards of scholarship...
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