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Franchise vs. Making Your Own Business

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HOMEWORK 16 SEPTEMBER 2011

BUY FRANCHISE OR OPEN MY OWN BUSINESS
Oleh:
Karina Mantik Sukarta
0131111067

INTRODUCTORY BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
S1BISNIS
PRASETIYA MULYA BUSINESS SCHOOL
2011
Waralaba atau franchise adalah hak-hak untuk menjual suatu produk atau jasa maupun layanan. Sedangkan menurut versi pemerintah Indonesia, yang dimaksud dengan waralaba adalah perikatan dimana salah satu pihak diberikan hak memanfaatkan dan atau menggunakan hak dari kekayaan intelektual (HAKI) atau pertemuan dari ciri khas usaha yang dimiliki pihak lain dengan suatu imbalan berdasarkan persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh pihak lain tersebut dalam rangka penyediaan dan atau penjualan barang dan jasa.
Dalam franchising, dikenal dua istilah yakni franchisor dan franchisee. Franchisor atau pemberi waralaba, adalah badan usaha atau perorangan yang memberikan hak kepada pihak lain untuk memanfaatkan dan atau menggunakan hak atas kekayaan intelektual atau penemuan atau ciri khas usaha yang dimilikinya. Sedangkan franchisee atau penerima waralaba, adalah badan usaha atau perorangan yang diberikan hak untuk memanfaatkan dan atau menggunakan hak atas kekayaan intelektual atau penemuan atau ciri khas yang dimiliki pemberi waralaba.
Ketika dihadapkan dengan pilihan berbisnis menggunakan sistim waralaba atau memulai bisnis sendiri dari nol, saya memilih untuk membuka bisnis sendiri. Keputusan ini saya buat setelah mempertimbangkan beberapa hal. Pertama-tama, menurut saya, membeli franchise sama saja dengan memulai bisnis sendiri. Dengan berbisnis waralaba, bukan berarti uang kita akan aman dan bisnis tetap berjalan maju. Pada kenyataannya, banyak pula usaha yang diwaralabakan hanya bertahan beberapa tahun, kemudian gulung tikar. Menggunakan merek terkenal pun tidak menjamin keberhasilan bila tidak diimbangi dengan kecermatan dan kehati-hatian franchisee dalam memilih usaha dan mempunyai komitmen dan harus bekerja keras. Dengan membuat bisnis sendiri, saya dapat menyesuaikan jumlah modal yang saya miliki dengan jenis usaha apa yang akan saya jalani. Apabila modal saya tidak terlalu besar, saya pun masih bisa membuat usaha berskala menengah atau kecil. Hal ini sulit untuk diwujudkan apabila saya memilih bisnis waralaba karena umumnya semakin terkenal suatu merk, maka semakin besar pula biaya yang harus saya keluarkan untuk membeli franchise initial fee dan royalty kepada penyedia waralaba. Dari segi pengelolaan keuntungan, saya berpendapat bahwa membuka bisnis sendiri akan jauh lebih menguntungkan. Hal ini dikarenakan, sebagian besar penyedia waralaba menetapkan sistim bagi hasil terhadap franchisee. Ini berarti keuntungan yang akan saya dapatkan dari bisnis waralaba harus dipotong dengan biaya yang harus saya berikan sesuai dengan sistim bagi hasil kepada franchisor. Terlepas dari berapa jumlah keuntungan yang nantinya akan saya dapatkan dari berbisnis, saya memilih untuk membuka bisnis sendiri karena seluruh keuntungannya dapat saya kelola dan pada akhirnya dapat saya alokasikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan, termasuk untuk kemajuan usaha saya sendiri, seperti penambahan atau pengurangan biaya promosi, dan lain-lain. Dengan membuka bisnis sendiri, keberhasilan dan masa depan usaha yang akan saya jalani, sepenuhnya bergantung kepada saya selaku pemilik. Saya dapat melakukan inovasi-inovasi dalam produksi, serta membuat berbagai kebijakan, seperti strategi promosi, penurunan harga, penambahan atau pengurangan tenaga kerja, dan lain sebagainya, apabila sewaktu-waktu hal semacam ini dibutuhkan demi kemajuan perusahaan. Dengan kata lain, saya dapat memaksimalkan kemampuan diri saya dalam berkreasi. Berbeda halnya dengan bisnis waralaba yang sebagian penyedianya tidak banyak membantu dalam mengembangkan bisnis. Mereka hanya memberikan konsep awal, serta mentransfer konsep itu ke dalam wujud nyata, tetapi mereka tidak bertanggungjawab terhadap kesuksesan bisnis selanjutnya. Terlebih lagi, sistim franchise tidak memberikan kebebasan penuh kepada franchisee karena franchisee terikat perjanjian dan harus mengikuti sistem dan metode yang telah dibuat oleh franchisor. Sebagai suatu contoh yang ekstrem, apabila ternyata usaha waralaba saya tidak menguntungkan, saya tidak bisa dengan seenaknya menutup atau menjual usaha itu ke pihak lain karena saya terikat dengan berbagai kesepakatan dengan penyedia waralaba. Sedangkan, dengan mengelola usaha sendiri, saya bebas melakukan apapun terhadap usaha saya. Dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa hal di atas, saya memilih untuk mengembangkan bisnis saya sendiri. Meskipun franchising memiliki keunggulan dalam branding serta memberikan arahan manajerial di awal berdirinya usaha, mengelola bisnis sendiri bagi saya terasa lebih menantang, menguntungkan secara finansial, lebih fleksibel dilihat dari segi permodalan, dan yang paling utama dapat membantu saya mengoptimalkan kemampuan entrepreneurship saya.

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