...The Politicization of Civil Rights Moshe Pols-101 To most people, the Civil Rights Movement means equality for blacks and whites. However, over the years, the Civil Rights movement has been a politicized movement for the push of candidates and parties on all sides. They played a role with the southern states seceding from the USA, and the Civil War. Many people don't know that for a long time in fact blacks did play important roles through many important times, and weren't just mere slaves, as most think today. The reason for such a political polarization on the issue, for a wide multitude of reasons. This paper will sort through the beginning of America to more modern times to show how different political parties and policies shaped the civil rights movement and made it take almost 200 years for equality to start taking a foothold from the founding of America. Many seem to think America was founded only by white men wearing wigs. I found looking through history books over years, and looking at paintings of many of the important founders, and in turn the black founders. I will only point out a few and their accomplishments as they are so numerous: Peter Salem, a black hero at the battle of bunker hill, and saved scores of american lives that day. Reverend Jonas Clark and Prince Estabrook were both important in the Battle of Lexington, with the “shot heard around the world”. He called his congregation to the mixed church, and then rallied his black and white patriots...
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...Chapter 3 Identify 1. Religious utopias and new religious movement The Shakers a successful religious community that extended from Maine to Kentucky and included about 5,000 members was founded by Mother Ann Lee in the late eighteenth century. The first Shaker community was in New York in 1787. Some of the Shaker’s beliefs in the new religious movements were: a. They believed God had two personalities both male and female and that the two sexes were spiritually equal b. They changed their family life were men and women lived separately and ate in dining rooms c. They adopted children from orphanages d. The Shakers were economically blossoming, and the first to advertise vegetable and flower seeds and herbal medicines. Another group is the Oneida group founded in 1848 in upstate New York by John Humphrey Noyes. Noyes was known to preach that he along with his followers were so perfect they became “purity of heart”. They formed a small community in 1836 in Vermont. Some of the Oneida’s beliefs were: a. The Oneidas like the shakers also did away with traditional marriage and private properties b. Noyes taught the importance of forming a single “holy family” of equals c. Noyes community was known for complex marriage’s which means any man could suggest sexual relations with any woman, who could either accept or decline the proposal. This was registered in a public book d. Exclusive affections which according to Noyes ruined the harmony...
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...Abolitionists, Equal Rights Amendment, and United Farm Workers of America; three reformation movements that occurred in America since the 1800s. Did each movement have an impact for their cause and on the United States? Yes they did, each was different and affected one aspect more than the others. They are still being fought for today. Abolitionists movements began to increase in the 1830s, and goal was the emancipation of all slaves and to end racial discrimination. From the 1830s to 1863 anti slave abolitionists such as, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglas, and John Brown led movements to end slavery and racial discrimination. One of the most effective movements began in the mid 1800s, the Underground Railroad was used to help free thousands of slaves. Harriet Tubman and other strong women abolitionists made the Underground Railroad possible. Another less invasive movement for Civil Rights was the newspaper, The North Star. Written by the former slave; Frederick Douglas. His writing talked about the injustice of slavery and the difficulties freed slaves faced, such as the following...
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...Earning Emancipation Slavery as a social institution has been around since recorded history, it was not invented by the United States, it was however practiced and perpetuated to a level that at its peak created the highest number of millionaires per capita to have ever existed. In order to understand the full spectrum of such a monumental racial issue, not only must case to case examples be explored; but also the demographics of these generations, socially and economically. The United State’s industrial beginnings were fueled by slavery, over generations of struggle, and unimaginable stories of Africans, it has finally been constitutionally bound, amended, and re-amended, that the nation of the United States will provide freedom and equality, and that no man or woman will be owned by another. Every ounce of this freedom was earned, fought for, and wept over, by great Africans and white abolitionists that cared more for their brothers and sisters futures than themselves. African-Americans created their own freedom, it is illustrated and proven by great Africans who rose to eloquently convince, fiercely battle through the bloodiest war on American Soil, passionately illustrate deep humanity, and patiently march forward for freedom, taking action, and creating equality. Dr. Robert Francis Engs is a well-loved historian, a graduate from Princeton and Yale, and revered professor proclaims in his own words, “THE SLAVES FREED THEMSELVES.”1 Dr. Engs has compiled a database that holds...
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...Douglass was born into a life of slavery, but he learned to read and after a few attempts, escaped. He started out as an agent of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society and from then, wrote books and newspapers promoting the cause. He later became a consultant of Abraham Lincoln. Sarah Grimke, on the other hand, grew up in as a daughter of a plantation owner. She had high goals and expectations but her family shot them down. Sarah and her sister fought for slavery and sexism and were expelled from the plantation. They were among the first to fight for women’s rights. Back in the 1800s, African Americans were slaves and treated like property. They were whipped, overworked, starved, and had no freedom. They were denied education and shot if trying to escape. On the other hand, women had very little rights. They were simply housewives who looked after the children. They were not allowed to aspire to anything and forced to simply support the husband. Back then, the worst person to be was an African American female. Some females were chosen as breeding moms and raped repeatedly to bear children to sell. If not, the master would call some women in for their beauty and do such acts as well. There was one such a woman, and she gave birth to a child born from a female slave and a white father on February 1818, a child named Fredrick Augustus Washington Bailey (“Fredrick ”). He grew up watching the horrors and abuse that accompanied slavery life and at the age of eight, he...
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...Frederick Douglass, a black man who changed America's history with being one of the foremost leaders of the abolitionist movement, which fought to end slavery within the United States in the decades prior to the Civil War. A slave in America until the age of 20, wrote three of the most highly regarded autobiographies of the 19th century, yet he only began learning to read and write when he turned 12 years old. After an early life of hardship and pain, Douglass escaped to the North to began his soul changing and spiritual beliefs of all men and women should be created equal. The institution of slavery scarred him so deeply that he decided to dedicate his powers of speech and prose to fighting it. In this paper it will include discussions on Frederick Douglass's early life childhood, the struggles he overcame to became a successor his motives and morals, the impact he had on the civil war, his achievements, and the legacy that went on within his name. Frederick Douglass was born as Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey and was a slave from Talbot County, Maryland. His date of birth varied because slaves couldn't keep records, in result Frederick adopted February 14 as his birthday because his mother Harriet Bailey used to call him her "little valentine".(Douglass, (1885). When he was only an infant, he was separated from his mother, and she subsequently died when he was about seven years old. He then lived with his grandmother, Betty Bailey. His father remains unknown...
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...She doubt the sincerity of the Christian beliefs of the factory owners because they talk benevolence in the parlor, compel their help to labor for a mean and paltry pittance in the kitchen. They manifest great concern for souls of the heathen in distant lands and care for nobody else besides their own. 52. Immigrants Arriving in New York City 1. The tone the reporter adopted regarding the immigrants is hostile because of how he describes the immigrants and how they looked. He described them having degraded faces with many stamps of inferiority. 2. The aspirations the reporter thinks are uppermost in the immigrant’s minds is hope, freedom, and a chance to work, and food to the laboring man. 53. A Woman in the Westward Movement 1. Moving west altered tradition expectations of women’s roles by proving that they could endure rough conditions from moving west. They were left to be lonely and the burdens of pioneer life. 2. Mrs. Noble’s main complaints about her situation on the frontier was carrying her infants and not being able to sleep because of thinking about wild beasts. She also had to cook in the open air instead of in a log house. She doesn’t regret having moved to Michigan because it was a better location than New York. 54. Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The American Scholar” 1. Emerson felt that American writers and artists are “cowed” because he believed they came late into nature and the world was finished a long time ago. They need serenity...
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...When slaves were being sold they would inspect the buyers. A slave would size up their possible future master and determine based on their demeanor and appearance, whether or not he would be a good master. Once the slave got its intel on the buyer he or she would manipulate their physical traits to make the buyer more or less interested in the purchase. Some of the most well known slaves are; Harriet Tubman, George Carver, and Frederick Douglass. Harriet Tubman was notable and admired while she was alive, and even after she passed she was an American icon. Tubman was born into slavery and escaped in the north only to become the most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad. She also led hundreds of enslaved people to freedom along the route of the Underground Railroad that led to the free state of Pennsylvania. A survey was taken at the end of the 20th century naming her as one of the most famous civilians in American history before the Civil War (qtd. in H.T.B.). Not only does this show that she was a well known slave, it shows that she cared about her people and she would do anything to help them....
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...white abolitionist, gave his life and became a martyr for the abolitionist movement when he was hanged for his Harpers Ferry raid. He allowed his violent ways to pave the path towards giving the ultimate heroic sacrifice, his life. With a group of 20 men, 5 of whom were black, Brown would set out to cause a salve uprising that would go down in history. While the raid itself was a failure, Brown helped bring the United States towards its major fight over slavery, the Civil War, by bringing attention to the cause, involving powerful people, and connecting the division between whites and blacks. Brown started to become involved in the abolitionist movement when the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 declared that the states of Utah, New Mexico, Nebraska, and Kansas would determine slavery by popular sovereignty. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was authored by Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. It was created with the idea of offering states more rights, and the “achievement of territorial self-government.” By giving the American people the right to vote on the issue of slavery, the government was taking a step back and allowing the citizens to have a say in what happened to their...
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...Mott as their hosts, more than 300 men and women met to discuss the social and political injustices that women face. There they adopted a document called the “Declaration of Sentiments” which was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. This convention was a significant event in the women’s rights movement. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott had met 8 years earlier as delegates to the world Anti-Slavery Convention. There, they had started to discuss the lack of women’s rights. They had also agreed to one day hold a convention to discuss these injustices, which they hadn’t gone through with until 8 years later. Eighteen grievances of male suppression of women were stated in the “Declaration of Sentiments”. All attendees passed the resolutions excluding the one for women’s rights to vote. Although they believed in women’s rights they could still not stand the idea of women voting. The resolution did eventually pass but not until Frederick Douglas gave an empowering speech on the issue. All together 32 men and 62 women signed the “Declaration of Sentiments”. On the morning of the next day...
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...Civil Rights The civil rights movement was a worldwide political movement for equality before the law occurring between approximately 1950 and 1980. In many situations it took the form of campaigns of civil resistance aimed at achieving change by nonviolent forms of resistance. In some situations it was accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and armed rebellion. The process was long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not fully achieve their goals although, the efforts of these movements did lead to improvements in the legal rights of previously oppressed groups of people. Table of Contents Malcolm X…………………………..pg. 3 - 5 Martin Luther King Jr. ……………pg. 6-7 Rosa Parks ………………………….pg. 8- 10 Stokely Carmichael…………………pg. 11-14 Marcus Garvey………………………pg. 15-17 Frederick Douglass…………………..pg. 18-20 John Brown…………………………pg. 21- 23 Medgar Evers ………………………pg. 24- 25 Nat Turner…………………………..pg. 26- 27 Homer Plessy……………………..pg. 28-30 Malcolm X [pic] Malcolm X May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz,was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. Detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, and violence. He has been called...
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...Reaction Paper Even though the emancipation of slaves was one of the consequences of the Civil War, the general ideas about freedom and liberty did not apply to African-Americans during the nineteenth century. I agree with this statement because although the Civil War eventually abolished slavery, the ideas, and meaning of freedom and liberty, were not necessarily universal. With the rising of the Abolitionist Movement many changes came to the United States. Slavery was banned in the North-West territories with the Ordinance of 1787 and by 1804 most of the Northern states passed laws that would eventually abolish slavery. In the South however, slavery not only remained legal, but it grew. But with the Southerner's fear of losing the anti-slavery battle they tried to reach compromises with the North. Both the North and the South figured that if slavery didn’t expand, it was doomed to extinction. So in the 1850’s issues on slavery sky rocketed. Many people in the South believed that liberty and economic independence was defined by ownership of land and slaves, and they saw the opportunity of maintaining that lifestyle gradually dwindle. When the Republicans continued to gain strength, the South fell deeper and deeper into debt. The South felt that if they remained in the Union, they would be restricted of freedom and liberty, which lead to the foundation of an independent South, and thus the idea of Southern Nationalism was born. The Election of 1860 was quite eccentric. Essentially...
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...Uncle Tom's Cabin - change in public opinion of slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin is the work of Harriet Beecher Stowe. This book is a realistic but fictional perspective of slavery. The key characters in the story include Uncle Tom, George Harris and Eliza. Uncle Tom is slave that is trustworthy and pious. He does not wrong anybody and only hitherto obeys the master. Being a spiritual person, Uncle Tom does his best to do what is right and obey the Bible. On the other hand, Eliza is a very beautiful slave under the ownership of George Shelby Sr., who formerly owns Tom. George Harris is the husband to Eliza and he lives around the nearby plantation. The brilliance of George caused him to invent a machine that was utilized in the factory where he works. Consequently, his owner became so jealous and decided to demote George from the factory and made him to carry out hard labor at the plantation. The setting of the story is across the Mississippi and Kentucky states (Tang, Research & Education Association 6-20). Rarely does a single work of literature transform the society or sets it on the road to a dreadful conflict. One such catalytic story is Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852). Many consider it as being among the most influential American fictional works ever published. The number of copies that Uncle Tom’s Cabin sold were numerous than any other fictional title to have been published before. Five thousand of its copies were sold within its first two days...
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...political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Evelyn Brooks Higgingbotham, ed., Harvard Guide to African American History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001); Arvarh E. Strickland and Robert E. Weems, Jr., eds., The African American Experience: An Historiographical and Bibliographical Guide (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001); and Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, eds., Dictionary of Afro- American Slavery (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988), provide informative narratives along with expansive bibliographies. General texts covering major historical events with attention to chronology include John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000), considered a classic; along with Joe William Trotter, Jr., The African American 1  Experience (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001); and, Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Hine, and Stanley Harrold, The African American Odyssey (Upper Saddle River: Printice-Hall, Inc., 2000). Other general texts not to be overlooked are Colin A. Palmer’s Passageways: An Interpretive History of Black America Vol. I: 1619-1863 and Vol. II (Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998), which emphasizes culture; and, Darlene Clark Hine and Kathleen...
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...also a big issue because many whites believed that the mixing of races would produce a mongrel race and would destroy the fabric of America (35-38). On the other hand, George conveys that the main idea behind the Jim Crow laws was two-fold because Jim Crow was established to keep blacks separate and to make them believe that they were an inferior race (9). Jim Crow had the law on its side because no matter what, the law made it clear that discrimination against the blacks in the Southern states was okay. Many whites did not have a personal problem associating with blacks, as long as, they were able to demonstrate that they were superior and blacks did not perceive themselves as being equal (Litwack 16-17). At the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865, the Government agreed with the North, forcing the defeated Confederacy to assimilate freed slaves into society and to treat them equal. Federal troops were in place to enforce this equal opportunity for blacks. By...
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