...1. Discuss when, why and how the Cold War began. Then cite at least one factor that perpetuated the Cold War in each decade from the 1950s-1980s and discuss how the item you selected affected America at home as well. Last, discuss when and why the Cold War ended. 2. Discuss the origins of the Vietnam War, the course of the war over thirty years in the 1940s, and wars' impact on the United States, both at home and in terms of foreign policy. 3. Write an essay on the civil rights movement since 1953 in which you discuss the major factors that have contributed to its success and its major gains. Be sure to discuss more than one group and to cite examples from each decade of the 1950s through the 1990s. 4. Discuss the reasons for America's economic growth or decline in each decade from the 1950s through the 1990s. Then explain how various presidents have dealt with economic problems and why they succeeded or failed. 5. Write an essay about the impact of television on the history of the United States over the past fifty years in which you describe in detail at least one historical event of national importance from each decade of the 1950s - 1990s that was affected by TV. Civil Right: The WWII can be recognized at the origin of the period when United States started it political and economical dominant compare to other nations. WWII reshaped Americans’ understanding of themselves as a people. The struggle against Nazi tyranny and its theory of a master race discredited...
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...Racial Equality in a modern society Racial Equality Brian Dugas University of Phoenix In the decades previous to the nineteen fifties, African Americans were the subject of more discrimination than any other race or religion in all aspects of being treated both as a person, and a race. These people were up until almost the mid 1900’s as slaves, even though slavery was abolished long before, even in the mid 1900’s, African Americans were still considered “second class citizens”, not seen as equals in the eyes of others. It was during the 1950’s that African Americans, and other racial authorative groups collaborated to change their status in society. This challenge of fighting against discrimination and for racial equality among racial groups became one of the most important times in United States history; it was the beginning of what we know as the Civil Rights Movement. The fight for racial equality started long before the 1950’s, in the early 1900’s, the NAACP (the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) was created by Booker T. Washington, and Webb Du Bios, Mr. Washington was actually an ex-slave. As the NAACP grew in numbers and support, the NAACP also published its own newspaper, showing progress, and enticing people to come forward to support for their rights. One of its first victories was the laws of segregation in housing, and also the right of African Americans to jury duty. The NAACP helped in establishing other groups...
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...throughout the 1940’s and 1950’s, the political term became very popular after a Senator from Wisconsin; Joseph R. McCarthy went on an anti-communist witch-hunt. Senator McCarthy made a public accusation that more than 200 communist had infiltrated the U.S. government, “This is glaringly true in the State Department. There the right young men who are born with silver spoons in their mouths are the ones who have been worst… In my opinion the State Department, which is one of the most important government departments, is thoroughly infested with Communist” (VF, p. 238) Many of the tactics McCarthy used were very questionable and usually with very little to no evidence would be provided. Some of the tactics he used varied from forms of intimidation to the threat of sending people to jail, “McCarthy used the Senate subcommittee he chaired to hold hearings and level wild charges against numerous individuals as well as the Defense Department, Voice of America, and other government agencies.” (GML, p. 732) In the film, “Good Night, and Good Luck” directed by George Clooney, many civil liberties issues were portrayed through McCarthyism. The one man who was brave enough to speak publicly against McCarthy was a well-known broadcast journalist by the name of Edward R. Murrow. He was a newsman on CBS as host of both the talk show “Person to Person” and the “See It Now” series. As the era of McCarthyism started to progress, the issues dealing with loyalty, patriotism and freedom started to rise...
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...Ethics and Freedom of Speech: How they Function in Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Campaigns Understanding ethics and freedom of speech are vitally important when undertaking a PR campaign. This was not the case for neither Edward L. Bernay’s “Torches of Freedom” campaign nor the electronic cigarette campaign mentioned in the assignment description. In many ways, both campaigns are unethical to participate in. However, the “Torches of Freedom” campaign is much more unethical due to societies lack of knowledge of smoking’s dangers at the time and the American public’s heightened awareness and cautiousness of substance abuse dangers that came about in following centuries. Ethics of E-cigs vs. Torches of Freedom Campaign From an ethical...
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...Andrew Mendez Professor Arrowsmith HIST-112 December 2, 2013 The Fight for Equality In the 1950's and 1960's there was many inequalities that really held back many people from especially the African Americans to have the right of being just like everyone else. But as well all know the white refused to give those type of right to them. So this is when the African Americans would start to take a stand for one another in a Civil Rights Movement lead by many African American activists such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Eisenhower. These Americans stood up for what they knew was right not only for them but fir the good of their people. Martin Luther King Jr. immediate purpose was to convince Americans across the country to embrace racial equality and to further strengthen the resolve of those already involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Audiences could really embrace these words that Dr. King was saying in his "I Have A Dream" speech. Though audiences' purposes are not as easily summarized to the fact of the racial inequality towards the whites and African Americans. Some at the time may have sought to be inspired by Dr. King. Opponents to racial equality who heard his speech may have listened for the purpose of seeking to find ways to further argue against racial equality. Audiences since then may have used Dr. King's speech to educate or to advocate for other social justice issues. Eisenhower also having to do with acting to those same ideas of inequality...
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...In the early 1950's Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and countless other African Americans as well as White Americans fought together for a cause that was against Segregation and the Jim Crow Laws. They were feeling the effects of racism from the Civil War back in the 1800's. African Americans were not being treated kindly, neither were the White Americans who befriended them. Those who fought against the Jim Crow Laws weren't just fighting to be rebellious against the nation, but they were fighting to be free of an unjust unconstitutional law that was established and enforced by our Government. When I say they were "fighting" that law I do not mean they were actually throwing riots and chaos everywhere they went. They were more so doing peace rally's. They had peaceful sit-ins, they drove a bus around the country, they had conferences and speeches. They were not doing what today's rebellions are trying to justify as "peaceful". They still stood for the Red, White, and Blue. They obeyed civil laws, they did not kill, nor did they light towns on fire. The MLK group only wanted others to feel love for them, to accept them into society, and to be treated as real Americans with real...
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...ever since four black students sat down at a whites-only lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, in February 1960 and refused to leave (History.com). Several sources state that the act of the four students began the civil rights movement in 1960. Throughout the 1960’s the media constantly showed the struggle the obstacles the southern states were going through. Thousands of colored people were soaked and overcome with the power of the water hose that firemen use to get them out of the street from the non-violent protest. In 1961, the Freedom Riders began trips to the southern states from Washington D.C. to test the Supreme Court ruling to segregate public transportation. The Freedom Riders had numerous trials and tribulations during that journey. The riders consisted of black, white, young, and old with each person hoping everyone could be equal. The riders learned the non-violent movement from Dr. Martin Luther King from the bus boycott movement. The Freedom riders experienced horrible mob violence outside Anniston Alabama in 1961 with a firebomb being thrown on their bus and causing them to flee and face the mob. The riders were imprisoned wrongly and while in jail continued to fight for their freedom until late 1961 when Kennedy banned segregation at all public interstate facilities. During the entire time the media displayed and covered each and every move displaying horrible acts. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a leader and a man who was tired of his people receiving...
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...Civil Rights Movement during the mid-1950s. He has made many speeches throughout the Movement in which he is best known because of them. During the Civil Right Movement the main goal of it was to end racial inequality. According to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary inequality means, “an unfair situation in which some people have more rights or better opportunities than other people.” Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” is the most compelling...
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...adviser to Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1950’s and 60’s. He moved to New York in the 1939’s and was involved in pacifist groups and early civil rights protests. Rustin attended Wilberforce University in Ohio, and Cheyney State teachers college( now Cheyney University of Pennsylvania) in pennsylvania, both...
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...Although the 1960’s are usually considered the decade of greatest achievement for black civil rights, the 1940’s and 1950’s were periods of equally important gains. Asses the Validity of this statement. Equality was always a touchy subject following the civil war. Following the war, the north did not put emphasis on equality for all men. It took almost a century longer for complete equality to be achieved. Clearly these changes did not come around quickly, and it took a large group effort to bring about change. The ending results of the fight for Civil Rights that came in the 1960’s are of equal or even lesser importance to the events that enacted the change during the 1940’s and 1950’s. The 1960’s were a time of great results of the effort to establish civil rights for African Americans. In the earl sixties, movements such as the Freedom Riders were still in full effect, but the government was beginning to sway to the black side. President Kennedy brings the Civil Rights Bill to congress in 1963. It is put down by the southern democrats. As a result, Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement organize a massive political march in Washington. One of the high points of this march is Dr. Martin Luther King’s speech on the steps of the Lincoln memorial. The efforts come to fruition with the passing of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964, and Voting Rights Bill of 1965. But the Efforts made in the sixties are mere fractions of the total amount of drive from the previous decades. Civil Rights...
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...IN THE HON’BLE SUPREME COURT OF INDIGO Civil Original Jurisdiction WRIT PETITION NO: _____ / 2013 IN THE MATTER OF Johnny M…………………………………………. Petitioner Vs State of Jhargram.......................……………………… Respondent Memorial Most Humbly Submitted Before the Judges of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of Indigo on Behalf of the Petitioner Rommel Khan (Roll No. : 233) Counsel for the Petitioner Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS 3 Index Of Authorities 4 STATUTES 4 WEBSITES 4 BOOKS 4 STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION 5 STATEMENT OF FACTS 6 ENTITIES INVOLVED 6 EVENTS LEADING TO THE CASE 6 STATEMENT OF ISSUES 7 ISSUE 1 7 SUMMARY OF PLEADINGS 8 PLEADINGS 8 PRAYER FOR RELIEF 16 ABBREVIATIONS 1. & - And 2. AC - Appeal Cases 3. AIR - All India Reporter 4. All. E.R. - All England Law Reports 5. Anr. - Another 6. App. - Appeal 7. Art. - Article 8. Bom. - Bombay 9. Co. - Company 10. Cr. - Criminal 11. DC - District Court 12. Ed. - Edition 13. Hrs - Hours 14. IT - Information Technology 15. Ltd. - Limited 16. NLJ - National Law Journal 17. Ors. - Others 18. P. - Page 19. Para. - Paragraph 20. Pvt. - Private 21. SC - Supreme Court 22. SCC - Supreme Court Cases 23. SCR - Supreme Court Reporter 24. SCR - Supreme Court Reporter 25. Sec. - Section 26. V. -...
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...Significant Legal Decisions Involving Hate Speech in America What exactly is Hate Speech? There are many different variations to this answer. According to dictionary.com, it is “speech that attacks a person or group on the basis of race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation” (“hate speech”). Anthony Lewis’ description of hate speech focuses more on the people it aims at: “Hate speech, it is called: virulent attack on Jews, blacks, Muslims, homosexuals, or members of any other group. It is pure hatred, not based on any wrong done by an individual” (157) Throughout history, many cases involving hate speech have been brought to court; each of them differ in their own ways and each brought a significant change to our Constitution. Our country prides itself in having freedom for all, and that includes freedom of speech. But when does freedom of speech cross the line? Many court decisions tried to come up with a solid answer, but there may not ever be a successful way to categorize hate speech. All of the cases covered here played a large part in transforming what the First Amendment covers. America started to recognize the significance of hate speech beginning in 1940, and policies began to form to protect offensive speech. At this point in history, hate speech was better known as “racial and religious propaganda” (Walker 62). The Holocaust was a major turning point for America, because we realized the destruction that it caused, and the government wanted to make sure nothing...
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...Analyze Marshall’s conceptualization of citizenship and its relevance to social planning The focus of this paper is to critically examine the content of contemporary understandings of Marshall `s conceptualization of citizenship and its relevance to social policy. The main agenda of the paper is to realize a theoretically informed definition of citizenship advanced by Marshall and concentrate mainly on the rights and obligations of citizenship; but also address the increasingly multi-tiered nature of the framing of membership, both in national and supra-national contexts, as well as the emergence of new citizenship claims and claims making. Lake (1994) holds that citizenship is defined by the sociologist guru Marshall as a “status, given to all full members of a community.” The status establishes the rights and duties of the individual in the society to achieve equality for all citizens. Marshall`s contribution shaped the policy in politics, health, education and rights of women in society. According to Marshall (1950) there are three elements of citizenship rights namely civil, political and social which will be analyzed in this essay and their relevance to social planning will be evaluated. Marshall spoke of the development of civil, political, and social citizenship as an evolutionary sequence. The rights embodied in the first pointed to those of the second, and the second to the third. Each, in succession, was secured over the three centuries following the 1688 Revolution...
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...exponentially after the invention of the radio. Thanks to the media, the United State’s gross national product doubled in the 1950’s and again in the 1960’s. Advertising and propaganda was blooming and thanks to the that, the typical U.S family owned a car and a house in the suburbs. Broadcast television was dominant in the mass media. The television media was owned by three major networks who was responsible for all the live events, sitcoms, and news that...
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...Politics have come a long way from Niccolo Machiavelli in the late 1400’s to current political philosophers of the twentieth century. Many of those great theorists had one single thing in common: they have strived to break old concepts of political thought, being it racial and gender inequality, or ideas on how to be a leader with less opposition. In modern politics, after a long period of centralized governments, the brief trend of gaining freedom and equality has been deteriorating and the creation of an illusion of freedom has slowly replaced the true freedom of speech and thought. In the times of Machievelli, governments were centralized under the power of a prince. Machiavelli discussed how a prince should act in order to be fully respected and maintain full power. He suggested that a prince should do whatever was necessary to achieve his objectives and never rely only on ideals; additionally, no price was too high to pay for success, and a prince should focus more on being loved than feared if not possible to have both at the same time. On the same thought, “a prince should not worry if he incurs reproach for his cruelty so long as he keeps his subjects united and loyal”, in other words, a prince should sometimes be cruel. Moreover, Machiavelli did not believe in individual freedom. Even the prince needed to follow rules to maintain his success and everyone else had to follow the prince’s orders and live with fear. Hobbes had a similar view of...
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