...Ramp Metering Term Paper Progress Report Name: Naeem Rezghi Student ID: 8722229076 Course: Traffic Engineering, CIV4116 -S12 Instructor: Mr. Peyman Misaghi Date: J uly 1, 2012 T able of Contents 1- Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 2- History .............................................................................................................................. 4 3- Ramp Metering Algorithms .......................................................................................... 5 3-1- S ystem Architecture .............................................................................................. 5 3-2- Release Algorithm .................................................................................................. 6 3-3- A rbitration Algorithm .............................................................................................. 7 3-4- S witch On- Off Algorithm ....................................................................................... 8 3-5- Q ueue Override Algorithm .................................................................................... 9 3-6- Q ueue Management Algorithm ........................................................................... 9 3-7- Ramp Metering Algorithm ...................................................................................10 3-8- Data Filtering Algorithm: .................
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...Acknowledgement Making report on ‘Road Expansion’ in a group was one of the milestones to us. We would like to thank SMART mentors and organizers for designing this programme for our BBA program that gives the most valuable insight into team work ability. We would like to express our gratefulness to ‘SMART’ organizers for providing such a golden opportunity to us by assigning this task and for their extended help and co-operation. Finally, we would also like to thank our colleagues of BBA ‘Day’, Erudite, who helped and co-operated with us with our survey and Eg. Ishor Rijal of “Kathmandu Valley Road Expansion Project” for his co-operation during the interview. Executive Summary The government had proposed the road expansion project 35 years ago but never went ahead until the support of the Former P.M. Official said roads had often been encroached by those with political connection, which is why expansion plan never took off. Now with the project in full swing the ongoing road expansion is a welcome move to ease the chaotic traffic of Kathmandu. In total 185.94 km road is to be constructed in Kathmandu valley and till now 84.69 km in Kathmandu, 15.60 km in Lalitpur and 2.50 km in Bhaktapur roads have been completed. So, in total 102.79 km road has been completed. The roads are expanded on the basis of its type. For example, ringroad (31 meters from the center on either side), highway (25 meters from the center), arterial road (11 meters from the center), connect road...
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...Federal Highway Policy Xanthyne Perrin POL 201 American National Government Professor Angela Cranon-Charles June 8, 2015 When we define the Federal Highway policy, we initially think of the many rules and guidelines that are to be followed when considering operating a motor vehicle. The Federal Highway Policy is placed to make a safer driving experience for many road users that are considering traveling by a motor vehicle. The creation of the Federal Highway Policy system in 1956, which was funded by road users who were paying a federal fuel tax of 18.3 cents per gallon of gasoline (The Heritage Foundation, 2010), which initially lost its since of purpose and today no more than 65% of all federal trust fund spending’s goes to general purpose roads. Like any policy in reference to federalism, there are the pros as well as the cons to any situation. The minimum age of drinking, the safety of the way these roads operate and the speed limits are all considered when discussing the Federal Highway Policy as well as the many issues that takes place in reference to the three issues listed. As we are all familiar, the legal drinking age of alcohol consumption is 21. There are many issues to the legal drinking age and why some agree that is should be lowered. Back in the 1970’s, a trend toward lowering the minimum legal drinking age 18, 19, or 20 took place in the states providing many natural experiments (Wagenarr & Toomey, 2005). As a result of lowering the legal drinking...
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...For all those who feel for India and its people, the number of deaths on Indian roads as a result of accidents, collision, negligence, rash driving et al, is both shocking and stupefying. When knowledgeable people describe Indian road as ‘death traps’ it does credit neither to road makers nor to those whose duty it is to see that roads remain free from all types of hassels and harrowing happenings. Unless and until the Ministry of Surface Transport, Traffic Regulatory Agencies/Police etc. put road safety under the scanner and devise meaningful and result-oriented ways and means to render road travel a pleasant experience, things would not improve. Strict adherence to traffic rules and regulations is just one of the measures that can bring about perceptible change in the situation. Unfortunately, the series of accidents that occur on Indian roads day in and day out brings home the terrible truth that raising the safety bar on Indian roads remains a pipedream. When the tools of high technology are readily available and there is no shortage of funds, it is not comprehensible why this vital area of transport, both goods and humans, remains vulnerable to accidents. Ironically, while new roads are being built, and newer, supposedly safer automobiles— with safety features like airbags, crash sensors etc—race out of the factories, the country’s road safety record remains abysmal. No doubt, several factors contribute to the appalling statistics that tell the sorry state...
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...A traffic jam is a long line of vehicles that cannot move forward because there is too much traffic, or because the road is blocked by something. The major factor behind traffic Jam in Bangladesh: There are many reasons behind traffic jam in Bangladesh. Among them some major factors are as follows: ➢ Undisciplined traffic signal in the road. ➢ Indiscipline among the road user. ➢ Might is right, everybody are free to park their vehicle on Road. ➢ No knowledge of traffic rules which encourage violating the rules. ➢ Enforcement of rules by dishonest persons who are busy in collection of illegal money from traffic rules violators. ➢ Heavy numbers of vehicle on roads. Traffic Jam and its reason at glance in Bangladesh Traffic jam is a common phenomenon in our country especially in Dhaka city, one of the mega cities in the world. It is not a problem now-a-days rather it is more than a problem because problem has some solutions that traffic jam has not. Time is the most valuable things in the twenty first centaury no doubt. And traffic jam is killing the most productive time of the people of Dhaka city. Time is going on and on and we are lagging behind. The world is becoming speedy where as we are becoming slower. It is a common scenario that in morning and evening the jam becomes bad to worse. Student pressure is another vital reason for traffic jam because kindergartens, schools, private universities and coaching centers are growing like...
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...Danny Jimenez Dr. B. Jones ENC1102 20 April 2010 Freedom for Freeways Many of us have little or no time, especially dealing with work, school, gym and many other errands at the same time. Sometimes time is just not enough and we have to rush ourselves in order to make it to our commitments on time and to make things worse, traffic and speed limits get in our way. In moments like these a speed limit becomes more of an annoying suggestion rather that an enforced rule. Not necessarily by increasing or removing speed limits freeways would become dangerous, but also is not a matter of just take away these limits. Society should be better educated and trained in order to create a safer and more efficient road environment giving chance to reach longer distances in a shorter amount of time and why not, put our powerful line of super-vehicles to the test. In America, the average Maximum Speed Limit ranges between 55-75 mph. as a community, it’s necessary to create safety parameters in order to maintain a controlled environment and reduce the risk of fatalities, injuries and/or property damage since it’s believed that speed is one of the greatest killers out in the roads, it gives less reaction time and also in a vehicle traveling at a high speed, any defect or anomaly on the surface tend to be a high risk of loss of control of the vehicle. Also environmental issues have been part of the opposition and there has been an ongoing debate between environmentalists and fuel consumption...
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...Dear Councilor, We are a facing traffic menace that seems to get no respite from frequent traffic snarls. Local residents in the Canterbury Bankstown region are unanimously groaning under the weight of the chaotic traffic management of some of Sydney’s busiest and well known roads and without a kinetic and curated strategy the quandary will continue to choke our city. Average travel times for commuting trips by both car and public transport for Greater Western Sydney residents are on a daily basis longer than for the rest of Sydney. With a constant foot on the brake, commuters are finding it hard to keep moving . In recent findings by the Department of transport, the average commuting time of residents within this region has crawled to an intolerable 34 minutes one way only to be further delayed in ravaging weather conditions. With the transport system unravelling everywhere, projections on other vital fronts are further cause for pessimism. Not surprisingly, public transport's decline is counterbalanced by growth in car ownership and increased saturation of traffic volumes on the city's packed roads. This limited choice for intra- regional travel and the lack of key public transport linkages to employment opportunities, facilities and services exacerbates the existing traffic dilemma. The State Government had hoped its Metropolitan Strategy would guide the city's growth. Instead, the strategy has become a lightning rod for all sorts of dissidents all yearning for a new...
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...Freeway capacity, saturation flow and the car following behavioural algorithm of the VISSIM microsimulation software Freeway capacity, saturation flow and the car following behavioural algorithm of the VISSIM microsimulation software Julian Laufer Maunsell Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia 1 Introduction Freeways represent the best example of an unconstrained traffic flow system with high speed operations, limited access and egress opportunities and few factors to inhibit traffic flow. This road type can typically achieve the highest throughput of traffic per hour per lane across most metropolitan networks. As most regular limitations to free flow traffic conditions are removed from freeways, the achievable throughput is subject to regulatory constraints such as speeds and societal limitations such as headways between vehicles. Historical traffic volumes indicate that hourly throughputs per lane are generally increasing over time. This reflects a reduction in headways between vehicles as motorists’ acceptable and safe gaps between vehicles become smaller. As a direct consequence, the capacity of freeways has been observed to increase over time. The most recent edition of the US Highway Capacity Manual indicates a ceiling value significantly higher than that applied fifteen years prior. This paper has set out to identify the changing values of capacities over time as applied to freeway traffic conditions. The paper examines capacity in the context of observed volumes...
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...Traffic congestion on the freeway can turn it into a carpark at peak times. The increased number of traffic within Mitchell and Kwinana Freeways during specific times can adversely affect road safety, fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The term the third rush hour has been used to refer to a period of the midday in which roads in urban and suburban areas become congested due to a large number of people taking lunch breaks using their vehicles. These motorists often frequent restaurants and fast food locations, where vehicles crowding the entrances cause traffic congestion. Active senior citizens, who travel by automobile to engage in many midday activities, also contribute to the midday rush hour. At other times (such as evenings and weekends), additional periods of congestion can be the result of various special events, such as sports games, festivals, or religious services. Out-of-the-ordinary congestion can be the result of an accident, construction, long holiday weekends, or inclement weather. To ease traffic congestion Causes Population growth Working hours Jobs involve movement Solutions Building more train stations, purchasing more trains and buses, trains don’t have traffic jams Widening Mitchell freeway – was 2, now 3 lanes Mitchell freeway Extending- 6km 2014-15 The Traffic through The North -South Freeway at 10 a.m. was quite low seeing as this is the time most people are at work. At 12 a.m. however, the amount of vehicles passing the...
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...depending on where you live you have the joy of having all four seasons. Those differences in the weather reflect in lifestyles of both countries. The second difference is the way of driving in both countries. In the United Kingdom you drive on the left side of the road and the driver side of the car is on the right side. As for the United States we drive on the right side of the road with our driver side on the left. As well in United Kingdom instead of putting in an address you put in a postcode that will guide you to your destination. While in the United States we have to put in the whole address to get to our destination. Also, in the United Kingdom they use carriageways as a mean of a major road. In the United States we use highways, freeways, turnpikes and interstates as means to our major roads and what is used more often. That’s a difference that most people will not be able to adjust to. The last difference is the use of certain words and what they mean. In the United Kingdom a flat to them is an apartment....
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...You are a management consultant working for Franklin Absolom, the majority stockholder for a group of ten automobile distributorships. He has asked you to spend several days at Freeway For – a dealership that is not performing up to its potential. You are not to go “looking for trouble”; instead your assignment is to find ways to help management at the dealership take advantage of opportunities. One day while you are talking with James Kahler, the sales manager for Freeway Ford, you realize that the dealership only uses transaction processing systems –it is not utilizing the full potential of the information it has gathered for managerial decision making. For example, Freeway Ford know the purchase date and owner of every car it sells but the dealership never contacts owners about routine maintenance. Freeway Ford knows that people who purchase a new car generally trade it in for another new car three to four years later but the dealership does not contact these previous customers. Another opportunity comes from used car purchasing and sales. Every car has a vehicle identification number (VIN) and the dealership uses that to check for known problems with a car before it makes a purchase of a used car. A data bank of car insurance claims histories and major repair histories is kept on a set of CDs that is sent to the dealership each month. At the dealership, the VIN is entered into a personal computer that accesses the CDs. However, the dealership buys twenty-five to one hundred...
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...CIV E 482 Research Paper Traffic Operations Alishia Ballard Fall 2014 Index 1. Example of Traffic Operations District 4 Caltrans………………………Page 3 2. Traffic Signals…………………………………………………………….Page 7 3. Elements of Design……………………………………………………….Page 9 CIV E 482 Research Paper Traffic Operations Example of Traffic Operations District 4 Caltrans To get a better understanding of traffic operations it is key to understand a specific office within the traffic operations field here in the state of California. According to the California Department of Transportation in District 4’s online informational, which is responsible for the Bay Area, their division of traffic operations consists of 320 technical and administrative staff within nine offices. These offices are responsible for planning, design, and analysis of highway safety and traffic operational improvements. This specific office does what most office in California offices of traffic operations do; they manage traffic activities and operations. We can take a brief look into what all nine of the offices do, and what it is they are responsible for. The office of traffic operations strategies (TOPS) addresses congestions trip reliability and safer with the use of better system management and new technologies according to the Caltrans website. The TOPS management provides guidance and establishes priorities for traffic operation strategies, which support corridor and system-wide transportation improvements...
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...Increased Surveillance The amount of surveillance for public transportation needs to be increased. We should more specifically think about the freeways and public roads we drive on everyday. If you have driven in areas with busy roads, crossings or freeways. Then you have encountered situations on the road that have made you feel unsafe or in the presence of serious danger. Some instances can be completely accidental where there is no obvious suspect of dangerous or reckless driving. However, in a situation where an individual would drive with complete absence of sense or logic. Perhaps because they are under the influence of a mind altering substance or it is their own conscious choice to put themselves and others in harms way. Increasing surveillance footage of public roads would hold these careless and harmful individuals accountable for their actions. When you think of situations like these it’s easy to see the benefits of increasing surveillance, but what about our rights to privacy? Would these changes to our roads invade our privacy or have other potentially negative consequences? Technology for the most part has been a blessing to humanity. Simply being able to communicate with someone across a distance or document a moment in life with the use of a camera is incredibly useful. However, when does that technology become harmful to our safety? Will the increased surveillance of our roads invade our privacy? “How tightly the U.S. government should keep tabs on its...
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... So we ventured on down to San Diego to go to Sea World. As we got closer to San Diego and driving down I-5 doing about 80 mph so we could just keep up with traffic, I thought I heard something on the roof of our Ford Expedition, where our travel bag was in a net and strapped down. When all of a sudden something in the rearview mirror caught my eye. I hollered a few choice words and said " There goes our travel bag!" It went flying in the air like a dead body falling from the sky. It landed in the third lane of southbound I-5. I pulled over to the side of the freeway, and got out to see how I was going to get it back. Luckily traffic was sort of light and it didn't hit or land on anybody's vehicle. My wife called 9-1-1 and a State Patrol officer showed up not too long after. He told me that they were going to create a break in traffic, so I could retrieve the travel bag. That was still lying in the middle of the freeway. The State Patrol slowed traffic down to 55 mph which created a 2 min break in traffic so I could safely retrieve the bag. All I could think about was how much this ticket going to cost me. After I got the bag the officer gave me his lecture,...
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...with the average household having 1.8 vehicles. This makes the estimated vehicles in LA roughly 6.5 million with millions more commuting to the city for work, school, and other activities. With these facts combined it makes for one of the most stressful scenarios Californians will ever encounter. A person in California will quickly learn the meaning of time management. A commuter will have many different variables that will affect their commutes on a daily basis. Accidents, construction, and weather are just a few examples of these variables. Accidents can affect a drivers’ commute from minutes to hours depending on the severity. Construction may not have the same affect as accidents, however; it could lead to taking different exits, freeways, and roads, greatly increasing the length of a drivers’ trip by distance and time. Even though Los Angeles regularly experiences rainfall, drivers are still extremely cautious and slow down their speeds anywhere from 10-30 mph causing congestion and gridlock. Having all these obstacles to consider, a California driver has to learn the importance of time management and apply it to their commutes. In conclusion, there are still many other factors and topics that affect traffic in Los Angeles but understanding the importance of time management and personal responsibility will make for a more enjoyable driving...
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