...Bizarre extinct frog brought back to life March 16, 2013, 10:55 am By environment reporter Sarah Clarke ABC Imagine a frog that can swallow its eggs, brood its young in its stomach and give birth through its mouth. The gastric brooding frog existed 30 years ago, but the extraordinary amphibian is now extinct. In a world first, a team of Australian scientists has taken the first major step in bringing it back to life. They have successfully reactivated its DNA and produced an embryo. Professor Mike Archer from the University of New South Wales is part of the team, which also includes researchers from the University of Newcastle. He says the amphibian was no ordinary frog. "In the stomach these eggs went on to develop into tadpoles and the tadpoles then went on to develop into little frogs," he told ABC radio's AM program. "And like any pregnant mum, when you have little babies rattling away in your stomach saying, 'let me out', she would then open her mouth and out would pop little frogs. "The first people that saw that were aghast. By the time anybody got excited about it, suddenly it was extinct. "So that's certainly one of the driving reasons why this would be a focal animal for seeing if we can de-extinct this amazing frog." That is exactly what a team of Australian scientists is doing. After locating a few carcases stored in a deep freezer, they have been able to recover tissue from the gastric brooding frog. Using a laboratory technique known as somatic cell nuclear transfer...
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...Frogs vs. Toads Frogs and toads are “small, tailless animal” that belongs to the amphibian class. (Forester 536 & Gibbons 303) Everyone thinks that frogs and toads are different from one another but in fact “there is no clear distinction between” them (Burnie & Wilson 440). Most people find it very difficult to differentiate between a frog and a toad that they often mix them up. Their physical features are very much alike but they are different on the basis of anatomy and habitat. When you see a creature hopping along the side of the creek, can you tell if it’s a frog or a toad? Frogs are very unique because “some frogs have colorful markings” (Forester 536). While as toads are marked in a “drab shades of brown, tan, gray, or black that serves as camouflage” (Campbell 217). Besides their markings, “almost all frogs have the same basic body structure” (Forester 536). Frogs have “long, powerful hind legs, which they use for jumping” (Forester 536). “Frogs can leap long distances, but also use their limbs to swim, burrow, and even to glide from tree to tree” (Wake 337). Unlike frogs, toads “generally have squat bodies and short legs” (Campbell 217). They do not “jump” like frogs so they “make short hops or even walk” (Campbell 217). As opposed to skin, frogs have “thin, moist skin” (Forester 536) and “the skin of most toads is dry, rough, and covered with warts” (Gibbons 303). There is an advantage to a toad’s dry skin. It’s “warty skin allows it to inhabit drier regions than...
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...made an unusual discovery of a new species of frogs. The strange looking new amphibian is known to be a sole surviving member of amphibians that evolved more than 130 million years ago. Scientist calls this species discovery as a ‘once in a century find’ because of it’s belonging to an ancient group of amphibians that once shared the same land with dinosaurs. Formally discovered in 2003, the poignous frog, also known as the “Purple Frog”, has been the talk of all scientist discoveries because of its comic features and behaviors. Although this new species has recently been discovered with highly distinctive and comical appearances, its behaviors adaptive values benefit the amphibian by increasing its total fitness. However scientists might now be able to research this rare species because it is slowly decreasing in population. The purple frog has a sidesplitting appearance with a distinctive habitat in an unusual range of geographical location. This new species of frog can be described as a typical frog at first glance but as you pay closer attention you notice its distinctive appearances compared to other species of frogs. The body has a similar shape like most frogs yet it has a plump bloated body shape with short fore and hind limbs that end in webbed feet with rounded toes. Each hind foot has a large, white wart look-a-like growth that is most likely used for digging in their moist soil locations. The small head shape of the frog seems almost too small for such a short body...
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...Frogs are a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek an-, without + oura, tail). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is found in tropical rainforests. There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. The body plan of an adult frog is generally characterized by a stout body, protruding eyes, cleft tongue, limbs folded underneath and the absence of a tail. Besides living in fresh water and on dry land, the adults of some species are adapted for living underground or in trees. The skin of the frog is glandular, with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic. Warty species of frog tend to be called toads but the distinction between frogs and toads is based on informal naming conventions concentrating on the warts rather than taxonomy or evolutionary history; some toads are more closely related to frogs than to other toads. Frogs' skins vary in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to advertise toxicity and warn off predators. Frogs typically...
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...tree. On the ground at its feet, something strangely familiar hops by: a frog. Ichthyostega, prehistoric predecessor to the modern frog, lived 370 million years ago during the Devonian Period. Sometimes referred to as "the first four-legged fish," skeletal remains of this earliest-known amphibian were first discovered in East Greenland. Surprised? Few people realize just how ancient frogs are. For 190 million years, the ancestors of modern frogs have roamed (if not ruled) the earth, looking much the same as they do today. The secret to their success is their amazing adaptability. As amphibians, frogs have one webbed foot in each of two worlds. The advantages of this double life are clear to see: Are land predators giving you trouble? Dive into the water. Not enough to eat in the pond? Hop out and see what they're serving on shore. Frogs have evolved to live in an astounding variety of climates. They can be found just about anywhere there's fresh water, from the desert to the Arctic, on all continents except Antarctica. Though they thrive in warm, moist tropical climates, frogs also live in deserts and high on 15,000 foot mountain slopes. The Australian water-holding frog is a desert dweller that can wait up to seven years for rain. It burrows underground and surrounds itself in a transparent cocoon made of its own shed skin. Frozen Wood Frog Like all amphibians, frogs are cold-blooded, meaning that their body temperatures change with the temperature...
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...Lesson Plan Cindy Dean PED212 Foundation of Movement Motor Activities Instructor: James Woodward January 13, 2014 Lesson Plan For this assignment paper I have chosen elementary school students which are in the third grade. The group of students range from seven to nine year old. Evolving achievements for several third grade students it is likely that they go through physical development at this age group include stable development example. At this age their gross motor skills are more developed than their fine motor skills. Elementary students learn through movement. Physical education is an important part during these developmental years. Children are able to run and jump as well as having control of large muscles in their legs. The body and mind rarely work together. They have a difficult time holding small things, catching or putting something together using their fingers. The total number of students in this lesson plan classroom is thirty. The school is Mary L. Fonseca Elementary. There will be some fundamental skills that we will try to teach the elementary students; for example jumping and landing. Locomotors skills we will teach them skipping, running, sliding, galloping, leaping, hopping, and non- locomotors skills students we will teach twisting. The student objective goals would be that the end of the course students will successfully jump and land on balance in different ways. The students successfully improve their distance as well as height....
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...Jennifer Czachura 3/27/07 Critical Thinking Essay Kim Groninga “I’m Nobody! Who are you?” by Emily Dickinson Most people feel invisible at some point in their lives; whether it’s because they’re in the shadow of an older sibling, because they are shy, or simply because everyone around them has been busy, it doesn’t make much difference. It’s still a horrible thing to feel like no one even realizes you’re alive or that you’ve been doing things. Emily Dickinson felt this way often; she lived at home and didn’t leave the house much, mostly corresponding with people by letters. However, her invisibility didn’t bother her too much, and that is what this poem is all about. When you feel invisible, you aren’t alone, because someone else is feeling invisible too. Dickinson starts out the poem introducing herself, ”I’m Nobody! Who are you?” (1) Being nobody can mean a lot of things; it could mean she’s no one important, no one special, no one significant, or no one that everyone knows. However, she could also be nobody to many people simply because she doesn’t try to stand out or feel important. She is content just being herself, living her plain, simple life and doing things that make her happy. Being nobody makes her somewhat mysterious; she’s obviously a person, but most people don’t know who she really is. This also relates to the second line in the poem, “Are you – Nobody – too?” (2) Dickinson’s question of the reader seems to show tha t being nobody is something everyone feels at...
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...Edwards Frogs vs. Toads Most people find it difficult to differentiate a frog from a toad. They normally mix them up. Although they seem similar in a lot of areas, they certainly have numerous dissimilarities too. Frogs are found in many different shapes, sizes, and colors. Frogs have smooth, wet skin. They live most of the time in or near water. They have different eye colors including brown, silver, green, and even red along with different shapes and sizes. Some of the frogs have sticky feet while some are webbed. It is obvious that not even all frogs have same qualities. Toads too have numerous shapes, sizes, and textures, but they don’t have much variety in color. Toads are fat and have rough skin. They do spend most of their time in water, but they live in moist places like woods, fields, and even gardens. Their pupils do have different shapes, sizes, and colors, but generally they are egg-shaped, small and black. They also have webbed feet. Toads and frogs have the same way to catch and eat food. Both of them use their tongue to catch prey. But a frog has a very small tooth around its upper jaw edge to capture food, but a toad doesn’t have any teeth at all. Toads eat almost the same foods as frogs like bugs, insects, fish, etc. In Conclusion, frogs and toads do seem similar but they have several qualities regarding shape, size, color, and texture that make them different. So it should be crystal clear that people can mistake the difference between a frog and a...
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...Myths The Fox with the Nine-Tails The Fox with the Nine-Tails – Korea In the spirit of Halloween, I asked a teacher if Korea had any scary stories. “Kumiho, the Fox with the Nine-Tails”, he said. Of course my interest was peaked and so he said, “Kumiho is a nine-tailed fox who eats the hearts of humans in order to survive. She digs up graves sometimes to find hearts or attacks men.” He couldn’t tell me much more so I dug up some info. Unfortunately it all seems like the information is taken from a commentary on a book that holds the oral stories of Korea, Compendium of Korean Oral Literature. This is more or less taken from Wiki and all other sources that say the same basic information: A fox that lives a thousand years turns into a Kumiho, like its Japanese and Chinese counterparts (the kitsune and the huli jing). The current Japanese kitsune can sometimes be evil and sometimes good, but the Korean counterpart over the years has become a symbol of evil. Legends tell that while the Kumiho is capable transforming its appearance, there is still something persistently fox-like about it. In Transformation of the Kimono, a Kumiho transforms into an identical likeness of a bride at a wedding. Not even the bride’s mother can tell the difference. The Kumiho is only discovered when her clothes are removed. As the mythology of the Kumiho evolved it was later believed that a Kumiho had to consume human hearts in order to survive. Another version of the mythology, however...
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...weekdays to support the family. We would paddle to the middle of the lake, singing ‘row, row, row your boat, gently down the stream’ like little kids. When we reached the centre of the lake, we would stay as quiet as possible, so we wouldn’t scare the fish away. If we were lucky, we would make a nice catch for dinner, but we weren’t always so lucky. The lake was always peaceful. Its surface was so calm and still that it could have been a mirror. I would dip my finger into the water, making little ripples that would cascade across the surface creating an image as though the mirror was flexing and going to shatter. Fishing wasn’t the most exciting experience, sitting there for hours. The only excitement would have been to see one of those tiny frogs leap out of the shallow end of the still lake, hop around on the bank, until eventually they would disappear into the tall grass of the adjoining forest. Not that I was particularly fond of their appearance, but they did provide some entertainment. That particular Sunday was no different. We went fishing at the same old lake. We paddled out to the centre and sat with our fishing rods just lazily hanging over the edge of our ageing canoe. As I was staring into the distance, with the recurring hope that I will finally feel the tug of a fish being hooked on the end of my line, I felt a light jerk coming from the forward bow of the canoe. From the corner of...
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...But there were only 102 of them so nobody gave any thought to catching them up again and disposing of them. The toads were on their own and they proved to be very hardy survivors. They turned out to be a lot more than they bargained for and it didn't take long to find out how well the toads would do in their new Australian home. All stages of a toad's life are poisonous so they have no natural predators to keep their numbers in check. These toads not only eat the food normally available to Australian frogs, there is growing anecdotal evidence that they eat frogs as well. Captive cane toads will eat everything from dog food to mice and they keep growing until they reach 25cm in length and over 2 kilos. The species lives in a wide variety of habitats, but is restricted mainly by the availability of water, since water is a vital element in the breeding cycle. However, toads can survive near very small pools, or steams in arid regions. During the dry or cold seasons, they remain inactive in shallow ground excavations beneath ground cover. Description Cane toads are very large and heavily built amphibians (up to 15 cm long) with warty...
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...its mother. 6. Many birds incubate their eggs by sitting on them to keep them warm until they hatch. 7. Emperor and king penguins, which live in Antarctica, warm their eggs by resting them on top of their feet. 8. Many snakes begin life in eggs too, but snake eggs are tough and leathery rather than hard and brittle. 9. A snake called the Indian rock python lays between 50 and 100 eggs at a time. 10. Since snakes are cold blooded, the mother rock python has to twitch her muscles to create heat. 11. During the two months it takes for the eggs to hatch, the mother python stays in one place and dose not even eat. 12. Frogs lay their eggs in jelly – like clumps along the edge of a pond. 13. Mother frogs do not take care of their eggs. 14. When a baby, or tadpole, hatches, it doesn’t look anything like an adult frog. 15. It has a tail, it has no legs or eyes, and it is completely helpless. 16. The tadpole grows legs, its tail begins to shrink, and it looks more and more like its parents. 17. Some baby animals do not hatch from eggs. 18. Mammals differ from other kinds of animals in other ways as well. 19. They are warm blooded, they usually have hair or fur, and their babies are fed with milk that comes from the mother. 20. Kangaroo babies are less than I inch (2.5 centimeters) long when they are...
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...Compare and Contrast Frogs and Toads Frogs vs. Toads When you see a creature hopping a farseeing the side of the creek, bathroom you tell if its a frog frog or a toad? Many people rear end non tell the difference amidst the two. They ar similar in many ways. When flavor at the two, there are some differences in them. For instance the frog and toad both have bulging eye; however, the frogs eyes are s illuminely bigger than the toads. As you read on you will learn the differences and similarities between the frog and toad. There are 2000 known species of the frog compared to the 300 kinds of toads. A frog is a small, slim, four legged amphibian with smooth skin and foresighted powerful hind legs with webbed feet. The biggest frog is the Giant frog, sometimes called Goliath Frog, in West Africa. This Giant frog laughingstock grow up to a foot in length. The frog is green or brown skinned with dark markings, pointed head, long hind legs, and can get one to four inches in length. Some frogs have suckers on their feet which help them cling to tree diagram trunks as they climb, known as tree frogs. The toad on the other hand has dry, warty skin with non as powerful hind legs. Toads are also lucubrate compared to the slim frog. The toad will puff up with conduct at times. Toads walk slow and have shorter legs than the frog. Toads are light brown skinned with brown markings; dry skin, flabby and can get up to three inches in length. The frog belongs to the family Ranidae...
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...Tikhomirova 1 Tatiana Tikhomirova Marcio Pre-Degree I 3 March 2014 Life Cycle of a Frog Despite the fact that the frog is a small animal, in terms of symbolism, it is of some interest. In ancient Egypt, because of its fertility, as well as a striking transformation from egg to a tadpole, and then in the quadruped animal, the frog was considered strange creature and was a symbol of emerging and ever-renewing life. Often, the ancient gods of care arising out of the mire, depicted with frog heads. Goddess of child-birth, who was a good helper of the popular religion, looked like a frog. (“Heqet”) This essay will describe frog’s transformation from egg to adult frog by three steps. First of all, frogs lay eggs. When multiple eggs stick together, they are collectively known as frogspawn. After fertilization, the innermost portion liquefies to allow free movement of the developing embryo. Most eggs are black or dark brown, and it has the advantage of absorbing heat from the sun, which holds the insulating capsule. Frogs lay a lot of eggs because there are many dangers between fertilization and grown frog. Those eggs that die turn white. Life starts right as the central yolk splits in two. It then divides into four, then eight, etc. Soon, the embryo starts to look more and more like a tadpole, getting longer and moving in egg. Usually, about 6-21 days after being fertilized, the egg will hatch. Most eggs are found in calm or static waters. When the rain comes along, after development...
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...Anurans in Sitio Pahiron Brgy. Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City A Research Proposal Presented to the Biology Department, Xavier University Cagayan de Oro City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Seminar and Problem I (Bio 20L) By: Antonette S. Paquera July 2015 APPROVED: Dr. Astrid Sinco Adviser ACCEPTED: Ms. Christine Lovelle Mahinay Reader Project Title: Anurans in Sitio Pahiron Brgy. Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City Proponent: Antonette S. Paquera Project Duration: 4 months (June 2015-September 2015) Project Budget: Php 55, 680.90 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Title Page A....................................................................................................................i Title Page B....................................................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................v LIST OF PLATES.........................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................v I. Introduction......................................................................................................
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