...UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN CENTRE FOR FOUNDATION STUDIES FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE MAY 2015 FHSC1214 FUNDAMENTALS OF CELL BIOLOGY TUTORIAL 1 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES I Student’s Guide for Tutorial: At university level, the tutor facilitates student learning without spoon-feeding. Therefore, you are expected to: * Read your textbook, attempt the questions before the tutorial * You may enter the class and sign your attendance after showing your tutor that all tutorial questions have been completed; even if you don’t know how to do, write something - you’re not advised to leave answers blank in the finals. * Write answers on board if you wish to receive tutor feedback (no answer, no feedback) * Be independent: consult textbooks or dictionaries on your own first before asking the tutor * All questions are compulsory. 1 mark may reflect 1 answer point. (No half mark is awarded in the finals marks) [Source: Final Examination for Jan 2015] Q1. (a) Figure 1.1 shows the structure of a polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. Figure 1.1 Based on Figure 1.1, answer the following questions. (i) Name the polysaccharide shown in Figure 1.1 and identify bond A and bond B respectively. (3 marks) (ii) State TWO(2) principle organs in human where the polysaccharide shown in Figure 1.1 is stored. (2 marks) (iii) Describe how the structure...
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...Table of Contents: FHSB 1214 FHSC 1214 Biology I Cell Biology Introduction Practical 1 Practical 1 Cell Biology Biological Studies I molecules I Practical 2 Practical 2 Cell Biology Biological Studies II molecules II Practical 3 Cell Biology Studies III Practical 4 Cell Biology Studies IV Practical 8 Cell Biology Studies VIII Practical 5 Cell Biology Studies V Practical 6 Cell Biology Studies VI Practical 7 Cell Biology Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages...
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...Table of Contents: FHSB 1214 FHSC 1214 Biology I Cell Biology Introduction Practical 1 Practical 1 Cell Biology Biological Studies I molecules I Practical 2 Practical 2 Cell Biology Biological Studies II molecules II Practical 3 Cell Biology Studies III Practical 4 Cell Biology Studies IV Practical 8 Cell Biology Studies VIII Practical 5 Cell Biology Studies V Practical 6 Cell Biology Studies VI Practical 7 Cell Biology Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages...
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...understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. [pic] 2. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology. [pic] 3. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that describes the energy metabolism of cells. Include the reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand the energy metabolism of cells. [pic] 4. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that compares structures and functions of different cell types. Include the reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better compare structures and functions of different cell types. [pic] 5. Discuss what life means to you after completing questions 1–4. [pic] Citation and Reference page http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/scientific_method.html Science Made Simple, Inc. http://www.infoplease.com/cig/biology/chemistry-biology.html Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Biology © 2004...
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...UTAR FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell Biology Trimester 1 How YOU can do well in BIOLOGY Follow the 4A’s and you can expect A’s. A ttitude • Attend ALL lectures, tutorials and practicals on time without fail. • Be attentive in class and revise your notes after class while the topic is still fresh in your mind. Why waste time re-reading 2-3 months later? • Do your assignments faithfully as they carry marks for the finals. • Come prepared for lessons (i.e. read up beforehand). • Read up beforehand before attending lectures so that you won’t be lost and wasted hours of your life week after week. • Why stress yourself out if you can avoid it? Do NOT count on last minute revision for tests and examinations, as it will be too late to catch up and seek help in areas where you may find confusing or unclear of. • Why panic before exams because you can’t find this or that? Keep separate files for lecture, tutorial and practical. File up the respective notes systematically so that you do not lose them along the semester. • Do you expect the lecturer/ tutor to be available all the time to answer your questions? It is YOUR responsibility to take the initiative to clear your doubts or satisfy your curiosity to understand certain scientific phenomena by reading up on the relevant topics. A Based on a true story… A professor at the National University of Singapore recounts how on one occasion a student consulted him days before the exam. Student:...
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...Biology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Biology (disambiguation). Biology deals with the study of the many varieties of living organisms. Clockwise from top left: Salmonella typhimurium, Phascolarctos cinereus, Athyrium filix-femina, Amanita muscaria, Agalychnis callidryas, and Brachypelma smithi Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:[2] 1. Cells are the basic unit of life 2. New species and inherited traits are the product of evolution 3. Genes are the basic unit of heredity 4. An organism regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition 5. Living organisms consume and transform energy. Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology...
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...Heather Browning What is life? Part I: Media Relevancy Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how the chosen media piece supports the statement. Include reference citations. 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include a link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology. After my research at www.infoplease.com it has helped me to understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affects biology by breaking down the concept of why chemistry and biology goes hand in hand. Infoplease, (2000-2014), stated that biology explained the living parts of the world and their environment. It also said that biology requires a little knowledge of chemistry and that it is important to know aspects of chemistry to make biology come alive. We all know that the understanding of chemistry requires a little mathematic but it is not important to go into detailed mathematical applications to understand the principles of biology. So what is the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology? Biology overlaps with chemistry in explaining the structure and function of all cellular processes at the molecular level. Reference: Pearson Education. (10/2013). Infoplease. Retrieved from http://www.infoplease.com/cig.biology/chemistry-biology.html 2. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation...
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...MICHAEL AWUAH DENKYIRAH BIO/101-PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY NOVEMBER 16TH, 2013. JEBA INBARASU 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. Answer: The scientific method is the best way yet discovered for distinguioshing the truth from lies and delusions. The scientific method is just a list of steps that one needs to follow when solving a problem. The procedures for scientific methods are: a. Questions and Observation: One must observe some aspect of the universe and ask questions about it. Do research about the observation. b. Experiment and Evidence: Invent a tentative description, called a hypothesis that is consistent with what you have observed .Use the hypothesis to make guesses or predictions .Test those predictions by experiments or further observations and modify the hypothesis in the light of your results. c. Analyzing the date and draw conclusions from the experiments d. Publishing our final results into journals or a display board for other professionals to examine our scientific work. When consistency is obtained the hypothesis becomes a theory and provides a...
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...Report on the connection between the Central dogma of Molecular Biology/ Bioinformatics, Model Organism and Drug Designing. The basis of the central dogma of molecular biology is the expression of the genetic information in any call. It is a universal process that occurs in every cell. The genetic information is stored in the DNA. During gene expression DNA is transcript to RNA and these RNA are transcribed to proteins. Bioinformatics deals with the genetic information which involves collecting, analyzing, manipulating and predicting etc. For the functioning of bioinformatics it is essential to know the genetic information that is stored in DNA. Therefore sequencing of DNA, genes or genomes is the fundamental need in bioinformatics. Organisms that are used in biological experiments in laboratories are called ‘model organisms’, of which most genomes are sequenced at present (rat, yeast, Arabidopsis; plant model organism) These sequenced genomes could be analyzed using bioinformatics tools in order to identify genes of significance as in drought tolerance genes in plants etc. Information revealed from sequencing could be studied using bioinformatics tools to understand its underlying mechanisms and to generate models that could be used in further studies. This information could also be used in evolutionary studies, micro array analysis, identification of genetic disorders (Alzheimer’s disease, breast cancer, cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy etc.) ...
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...including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of manybranches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent fields. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition. Subdisciplines of biology are defined by the scale at which organisms are studied, the kinds of organisms studied, and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biologystudies the complex interactions among biological molecules; botany studies the biology of plants; cellular biologyexamines the basic building-block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions oftissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; evolutionary biology examines the processes that produced the diversity of life; and ecology examines how organisms interact in their environment.[2] HistoryThe term biology is derived from the Greek word βίος, bios, "life" and the suffix -λογία, -logia, "study of."[3][4] The...
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...creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. * * “The Scientific Method Video,” is a unique way to present the scientific method by using rap to emphasize the important points. This includes that the scientific method begins with a question based on an observation, and then a hypothesis and prediction are made, experiments are conducted (which need to be reliable, include a variable and a control), and lastly findings are reported. It has been a long time since I have gone over the basics of the scientific method. This video helped me review what I find so fundamental and second nature. Also, I think it is helpful to note that as the textbook states, “These steps guide scientific investigation, but working scientist typically do not follow them rigidly.” This video is an interesting tool to review the scientific method and how it is viewed by the student rappers. (Brooks & Friebel, 2008) “The Scientific Method Video,” is a unique way to present the scientific method by using rap to emphasize the important points. This includes that the scientific method begins with a question based on an observation, and then a hypothesis and prediction are made, experiments are conducted (which need to be reliable, include a variable and a control), and lastly findings are reported. It has been...
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...The Usefulness of Stem Cell Therapy Biology 103 SUMMARY A potential treatment for stroke victims is stem cell therapy. Stem cell therapy has made great advancement in this area. However, it is still in the trial phase and has only been tested on animals. The research article I reviewed showed that regardless of which type of stem cell was used either allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) or adipose-derived-stem cells (AD-MSC) the results were incredible. The hypothesis was that if either BM-MSC or AD-MSC was given to a stroke victim within 30 minutes of the stroke that it would increase the effectiveness of their recovery. The method used to test the hypothesis was four test groups of ten rats. Each group was given different variables and then tested at the 24 hour mark after the stroke and at the 14 day mark after the stroke. The results validated the hypothesis, the two groups that had been administered either of the stem cells BM-MSC or AD-MSC showed vast improvements in their recovery. At the 24 hour mark they were functioning well ahead of the groups that did not receive the stem cells and at the 14 day mark they had made almost a full recovery. What is a stem cell? It does not matter the source of a stem cell, they are all unspecialized cells that are converted into more specialized cells (Biology Junction, ND). Stem cells have the capability of becoming one of more than 200 specialized cells in the body (Biology Junction, ND). The function of stem...
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...University of Phoenix Material What Is Life? Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how that media piece supports that statement and include reference citations. 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. [pic] 2. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology. [pic] 3. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that describes the energy metabolism of cells. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand the energy metabolism of cells. [pic] 4. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that compares structures and functions of different cell types. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better compare structures and functions of different cell types. [pic] 5. Discuss what life means to you after completing questions 1–4. ...
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...What Is Life? Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how that media piece supports that statement and include reference citations. 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. [pic] 2. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology. [pic] 3. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that describes the energy metabolism of cells. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand the energy metabolism of cells. [pic] 4. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that compares structures and functions of different cell types. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better compare structures and functions of different cell types. [pic] 5. Discuss what life means to you after completing questions 1–4. [pic] ----------------------- This video...
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...Week One Content Outline TOPIC and Objectives CELL BIOLOGY • Apply the scientific method to creating hypotheses and experiments. • Recognize the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. • Describe the energy metabolism of cells. • Compare structures and functions of different cell types. Content outline 1. WHAT IS SCIENCE? a. Science comes from the Latin for “to know.” b. Based on inquiry 1) Discovery science 2) Hypothesis-driven science 3) Case studies 4) Scientists use the scientific method to solve science problems. 2. What are the steps of the scientific method? a. Observation b. Hypothesis c. Experiment d. Data collection e. Analysis f. Conclusion g. Communication 3. What is biology? a. Biology means “the study of life.” b. Characteristics of life 1) Complex, organized (hierarchy of biology) a) Atoms b) Molecules c) Macromolecules d) Organelles e) Cells f) Tissues g) Organs h) Organ systems i) Organisms j) Populations k) Communities l) Ecosystems m) Biospheres 2) Grow and reproduce 3) Respond to external stimuli 4) Acquire and use energy and materials and change those into different forms 5) Reproduce using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) blueprint 6) Homeostasis – actively maintain structure and internal environment 7) Capacity to evolve c. Living organisms abide by the chemical and physical laws of nature. d. Energy systems 1) Photosynthesis in plants: chloroplasts 2) Cellular respiration in animals and plants ...
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