...Prisons around the nation are growing, and there needs to be a new trend of either getting these inmates out of the prisons, or at least putting them to work so that they are not wasting tax payer dollars. A big future trend that should be implemented in all of our nation’s prisons is work. If more and more inmates are coming into the prisons then they should make themselves useful. Prisoner these days sit around all day and have nothing to do and this can cause a lot of problems within the correctional facility because the inmates get bored. Work programs would be an ideal way for inmates to spend their time. Instead of an inmate sitting in his or her cell for eight hours, why can’t they spend that time working? Work programs can help inmates get used to working and develop job skills and work ethics. This can give inmates the courage and help they need to be confident in the fact that they can find work when they get out of prison. Industry programs can also be very cost effective for the prisons. If prisons where to start their own wood working shops or automotive shops that could bring their own income in then it would take a lot off from the tax payers’ dollars. It is not right for a normal law abiding citizen to have to pay for a criminals meals in prison. Prisoners get treated to well these days and that is a reason why the incarceration rate is growing. To some if not most of the inmates don’t mind being in prison because they get fed and they don’t have to worry about...
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...community. To combat organized crime group’s law enforcement needs to better understand why these groups exist. Two theories are relevant to understanding the behaviors of those associated with these groups. The rational choice theory is the theory that suggests that people are free agents which possess the ability to make rational choices in almost all aspects of his or her life. Organized crime members are viewed as people who have free will and the capability to make rational choices in regard to his or her involvement in crime and wrongdoings. With this theory in mind people who still make the decision to commit crimes should be dealt with harshly and swiftly to try to deter him or her from making these same type of decisions on the future. The rational choice theory does not look at a person’s background or his or her upbringing only the likelihood of that person to be a rational thinker so his or her crime should be based on the pleasure-pain principle. This...
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...Correctional Trends Evaluation Contemporary Issues and Futures in Criminal Justice CJA/394 The paper will evaluate the past, present, and future trends that have had a profound affect in the development and operation of institutional and community-based corrections. The need of prisons and prison administrators is most important in the criminal justice system therefore, the paper will identify the current and future issues today. In addition the paper will evaluate the corrections system as a developing trend pertaining to the issues and the role of alternative corrections. Development and Operations of Institutional Corrections In prior years the development of institutional corrections left nothing to the imagination. The perspective of development and operations of institutional corrections is one fact that the facilities’ inmates were housed in the conditions were dark and fifthly. Inmates were treated harshly, and worked extremely hard. Today the development and operations of institutional corrections play a part where constitutional rights are in affect. Inmates today although the prison systems are overcrowded they are with constitutional rights. One constitutional right an inmate is entitled to today is health care. The prison system today functions differently. Rules and regulations are enforced but not by the hands of the facility but by the law. Facilities today although overcrowded are no longer dark, and fifthly. Inmates...
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...Corrections Trend Evaluation Diana Robles CJA/394 August 13, 2012 University of Phoenix Corrections Trend Evaluation There have been many different and difficult trends among the justice system. These include many issues and controversy over centuries. We as society now learn and comprehend that our justice system is improving within time and developing a different theory to analyze in a better way what can be done to keep improving it. An evaluation will be described including the past, present, and the future of what is now the development and operational of the institutional community is based on corrections. As well as the issues and the future issues that prison and prisons administrators and the way the correction systems are developing within different trends. Past, present and future The past a, present and future trends that pertain to the development and operation of institutional and community that are based on corrections is for example the perspective that is been used today (Muraskin &Roberts, 2009). “Get tough on crime “is a viewpoint that has created a continuous development and increasing in the prison that have continual into the twenty first century (Muraskin &Roberts, 2009). As time keep passing by and society keeps changing, justice system is going to be moving more towards treatment orientation (Muraskin &Roberts, 2009). As well as community corrections will be improved and prolonged more (Muraskin &Roberts, 2009). Earlier in the years...
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...Corrections Trend Evaluation Tomas Gonzalez CJA / 394 February 4, 2014 Alfredo Cooke Corrections Trend Evaluation In this paper I will evaluate the past, present and future trends pertaining to the development and operation of institutional and community based correction. As part of the evaluation I will identify and analyze current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators today. I will also identify and analyze the role/issue of alternate correction systems as a developing trend. Trends within the criminal justice system continue to influence the development and operations of institutions and community-based corrections. As mandatory sentencing laws can cause an increase in prison population, prison administrators face a daunting task in addressing the issues that overpopulation causes. “Apart from the highest priority of addressing prison population growth, prison managers are often confronted with an array of issues relating to imprisonment practices and their consequences” (Greenfeld, Beck, & Gillard, 1996, p.9). Development and Operations of Institutions The development and operations of institutions appears to operate around two opposing philosophies if punishment versus rehabilitation. The evolution of the development of corrections past, present and future has seen many changes throughout the inception of prisons. In the past the trends for prisons were solitary confinement with little concern for the rehabilitation of inmates. The well-being...
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...Corrections Trend Evaluation In this paper the objectives that will be addressed are past, present and future trends of corrections. Also, analyze current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators as well as the roles and issues of alternate correction systems as a developing trend. In today’s society the jails and prison pretty much function with the same protocol. In the past the history of the State prisons began at the Walnut Street Jail in 1790, it was the actually first American penitentiary located in Philadelphia. Punishments such as the pillory and hanging were carried out in public. In the past, the Old Stone Jail in Philadelphia held old and young, black and white, men and women all together. In Chester County, the English custom of charging for various other services was also in force, fees for locking and unlocking cells, food, heat, clothing, and for attaching and removing irons incident to a court appearance (Prison Society, 2012). The act of 1790 brought about sweeping reforms in the prison and authorized a penitentiary house with 16 cells to be built in the yard of the jail to carry out solitary imprisonment with labor for “brutal offenders.” As time and years went by mishandlings and joblessness stopped. The Walnut Street jail became a showplace, separating the different sorts of prisoners and workshops providing useful trade instruction. The more reforming of the jails and prisons occurred the more they got crowded (Prison Society, 2012)...
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...been found guilty of a crime, a judge has to decide a sentence that the offender must receive. Sentencing is imposing a criminal sanction by a judicial authority. Each year there are thousands of criminals that appear before a judge or judges to be sentenced for their crimes committed. Sentencing descriptions are primarily for felony offenses, or those that are punishable by less than one year of incarceration. Mandatory minimum sentences, three strikes laws and sentencing guidelines frequently require specific sentences, with little consideration of personal factors regarding offenders, their crimes, and victims. The state and federal court system have similar and different objectives of punishment. The state and federal corrections system are affected as a system overall....
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...System since World War II Scott Lohr Pennsylvania Highlands Community College Abstract Employee security problems and high risk caseloads progressively will move agents away from customary probation ideas of casework in the direction of ideas lined up with control or disciplinary beliefs. This study analyzes how the role of probation and parole has altered and what the future will be like counting on how we respond to the alterations at hand. This study also reviews changes in the criminal policies that have transpired. Probation and Parole in the United States: Changes in the Correctional System since World War II Under Florida law, the Department of Corrections is to keep the public safe and out of harm’s way, supply a protected and friendly environment for employees and criminals; work in joint venture with the community to add programs and services to lawbreakers; and oversee criminals at a grade of security appropriate with the hazards they present (Florida Department of Corrections, 1992). These duties pose marvelous trials for the employee’s management of the Florida Department of Corrections and the corrupt justice system as a whole. To have an insignificant impact on these matters, the system must make some foremost changes in how corrupt justice is distributed. This is necessary as the crime rates continue to rise; as courts misplace their influence in deterring crime by equalizing quick, rigid sentences; as correctional organizations accept inmates today and...
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...Jail and Prison Within today’s corrections system, there are prisons of three security levels; minimum-, medium- and maximum-custody. Inmates may move between these custodies depending on their progress in self-control and responsibility, and movement is possibly in both direction, toward leniency and restrictiveness (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 471). The two facilities I chose are the Van Nuys Jail, the largest local jail in my neighborhood and San Quentin State Prison. Van Nuys is a pretty standard jail; it’s not used for any specific types of inmates, but mostly houses inmates that are awaiting their court date or transport to a county jail. San Quentin State Prison has multiple custodial levels within its wall comprised of a maximum security cell block, a medium security dorm setting and a minimum security firehouse. San Quentin State Prison is also the only facility in California to house a gas chamber and death row (California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitations, n.d.). The most notable difference between the jail and prison I have chosen lie in size, mission and scope. The Van Nuys Jail is the equivalent in security to a minimum-custody facility. Inmates are only held here until they are released on their own recognizance, post bail or are taken to court for their arraignment (Shouse California Law Group, n.d.). San Quentin, on the other hand, is a much larger facility that houses over 135,000 inmates for all lengths of sentences. The facility provides vocational and...
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...Unit 9 Assignment Kaplan University HN200: Survey of Social Problems Our correctional system uses multiple approaches to punish criminal offenders depending on the severity of the crime, number of past crimes, and the potential of re-offending. It relies mostly on political clout which is used to shape public opinion and in turn determines what is a crime, and the appropriate punishment for a particular crime. It has rarely used science based methods, though it is beginning to see the benefits of such methodologies and will most likely implement more science base strategies in the years to come. Our current correctional system utilizes five general types of sentencing concepts to enact punishment on offenders, “retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration” (Schmalleger, 2014, p. 341). Each of these represents a different philosophy which stems from a different understanding of human nature. Retribution and incapacitation are the only ones that are truly forms of punishment. Deterrence is a philosophy based on the threat or fear of punishment, and restoration is a goal of sentencing to help make victims “whole again” (Schmalleger, 2014...
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...Ethics Brent Williams January 11, 2010 Parole and the Criminal Justice System Many offenders within the prison system, when released, must follow up with a parole officer. There can be many different conditions of parole placed upon the offender. The Parole Commission assigns these conditions of parole to assure that the parolee will live a life without crime or assist him or her to do so. The parolee may have to gain suitable employment, attend rehab, report to their parole officer at certain times or even wear a device that allows the offender to be monitored electronically. The parole system interacts or affects the Criminal Justice System in many ways. Are there ways to improve the effectiveness of this system? What does the future hold for this organization and its impact on the Criminal Justice System? History and Creation In June of 1910 there were three federal penitentiaries. Due to the enactment of legislation, federal prisoners began receiving parole on June 25th of 1910. The Parole Board, at this time, consisted of the warden and the physician of the prison and the Superintendent of Prisons of the Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. Each prison had its own parole board. In May of 1930, however, a single parole board was established. This board consisted of three members that served full-time and were appointed by the Attorney General. In 1945, the board started reporting directly to the Attorney General. Then in 1948, two other members were appointed...
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...Development of Corrections Throughout the history of the criminal justice system the prison system has changed on many different levels from women in prisons to the separation of juveniles and adults in prison and prison labor. Each of these changes has benefited those involved on different levels overall. The development of corrections has gone through multiple levels of changes and provides a better environment for all prisoners. Prior to the 1800’s the number of women in prisons was small compared to the number of men. The women in prison primarily consisted of prostitutes and thieves and they were treated just like the men were treated, the only difference was that if a woman was pregnant prior to entering the prison system then their punishment was suspended until after the birth of their babies. Today women and men are housed separately and their feminine needs are met such as health needs and psychological and mental needs as well. Juveniles at one point were also housed with adult prisoners but this changed as well. There were three main arguments as to why juveniles should be housed separately from adults. First, it was believed that the prison life was too harsh on juveniles. Second, many argued that juveniles would learn bad habits from the adult prisoners which would make it harder to rehabilitate them, and then they turn into habitual criminals doing larger crimes. Finally, it has been argued that in order for juveniles to be able to be rehabilitated they would...
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...Criminal Justice Trends: Corrections CJA 484 Criminal Justice Trends: Corrections Criminal justice can be considered a system of practices and institutions. The government directed system is intended for maintaining control socially, mitigating and deterring crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. The criminal justice system is made up of three sections: (1) Legislative (create laws); (2) adjudication (courts); and (3) corrections (jails, prisons, probation and parole) (Ariestechsoft, 2013). In criminal justice, particularly in North America, correction, corrections, and correctional, are umbrella terms describing a variety of functions typically carried out by government agencies, and involving the punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes (Carson & Sabol, 2012) . These functions commonly include imprisonment, parole and probation. In this paper, the writer will evaluate past, present, and future trends of corrections. Discuss the budgetary and managerial impact that future trends will likely have not only on corrections, but also the other components of the criminal justice system. Evaluate In the past corrections used to be vastly different than it is today. Corrections were merely just a place to store individuals who have broken the laws of the land. This place had no regard to the age, sex, or the nature of the law broken. The corrections facility could be considered...
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...Bad Year in Goodyear The foundation of the Arizona Department of Corrections correctional model is the designation of Arizona State Prison Complexes by security level and prison population. The Arizona State Prison Complex at Perryville, located in Goodyear, Arizona, is one of the ten facilities operated by the Arizona Department of Corrections. Once a men's prison, it was converted in the year 2000 to house women offenders. A score classification system is utilized to assess an inmate's custody level within Perryville and also the level of threat that they may pose to the community, with scores ranging from 1 to 5 (5 being the most serious risk). ASPC-Perryville is a minimum, medium, maximum, and close custody institution, with Lumley Unit housing all female Death Row inmates; maximum security inmates; closed custody inmates; the Women's Treatment Unit (referred to as WTU, it is a substance abuse program that is only offered to a few select women who meet the strict criteria); and Reception and Administration. Referred to as R & A, this is the yard where all inmates are initially housed for anywhere from one to ninety days, and are locked down 23 hours a day. They are then assessed by a counselor (called a CO III, or Correctional Officer III) and classified, and given their release date(s), the first being the inmate's TR. Temporary Release can be earned by participating and completing programs such as SB1291, offered only to those convicted of a drug crime. The second...
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...Inside the Old Red Barn Final Paper Regina L. Ford Southern New Hampshire University August 28, 2012 Abstract A corrections manager faces the daunting task of dealing with incarcerated felons daily. They have the responsibility of ensuring inmates are protected by their Constitutional Amendments in an effort of guaranteeing they receive a humane and lawful environment. A manager must deal with budget cuts and reductions in staff during economic downturn. And with the remaining staff, that same manager must develop and implement continuous improvement methods for staff morale and safety. Inside the Old Red Barn Austin McCormick once said, "Give me the right staff, and I can run a maximum security prison in an old red barn." (Phillips & McConnell, 2005). With the right training and mindset, corrections managers have the ability to run their facilities, or barns, successfully. Barns come in many shapes, styles, and characteristics. Same too applies to the people within the barn. Each have their own responsibilities and goals. By the people in the barn, we mean those who are incarcerated and the staff that manage them. In the majority of the public's eyes, and maybe even in their minds, they believe inmates should be stripped of their rights. Locked behind bars and away from civilization, the prisoners are kept away from society. Hidden in hopes of never having to see them again. For some inmates, their life sentences keep them invisible...
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