...schools in your town are inadequate for the number of students that are currently being served; in addition, many of the schools were built in the 1950s and are in serious need of repair. Project Document: Risk is a powerful force in innovative organizations for the obvious reason that it means the future outcomes of decisions are uncertain and, less obviously, because it can foster decision biases like loss aversion and over-optimism. The construction or retrofitting of a school building is a valuable educational opportunity with the potential to further strengthen community ownership of the school and demonstrate hazard-resilient techniques that can be replicated in homes and other buildings. Every school must be constructed as a safer school and existing unsafe schools must be retrofitted to be disaster resilient. The Education for All will not be achieved without the construction of safer and more disaster resilient education facilities. At a time when the frequency and magnitude of extreme climatic events is rising, a growing number of the world’s school-going children are increasingly exposed to earthquakes, wildfires, floods, cyclones, landslides and other natural hazards. For example: • The Sichuan earthquake (2008) killed more than 7,000 children in their schools and an estimated 7,000 classrooms were destroyed. • The cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh (2007) destroyed 496 school buildings and damaged 2,110 more. • The Super Typhoon Durian (2006) in the Philippines...
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...Emergency management is about identifying risks, assessing weaknesses, and devising strategies for reducing such risks (Lindell & Prater, 2003). While there is a common theme among hazards, emergencies and disasters each has minor differences and may require various approaches by the emergency manager. The most common misconception is emergency management agencies want to eliminate all risks by establishing procedures but there is no direct way to remove the daily or infrequent events that can occur. A hazard is a source of danger or extreme event that has the potential to affect people, property, and the natural environment in a given location (Lindell & Prater, 2003). Hazards can be either natural or manmade and are detrimental to certain...
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...Chapter 1 Questions Q2) What made the fly-fix-fly approach unacceptable? What were the first types of programs to seek something better than the fly-fix-fly approach? The fly-fix-fly approach was a way of how engineers and manufacturers used to detect flaws and issues with an aircraft’s design and construction by actually flying the aircraft. Every flight led to a new discovery or a new fixture to a fitting which was something the engineers would work on before it was flown again. This method is commonly known as the trial and error method. After many years of development and with the advancement of technology, programs like space travel and/or nuclear weapons for instance had to be first-time safe which made the fly-fix-fly approach unacceptable. I believe that this approach was made unacceptable because there was a lot of cost involved in actually developing and launching such programs and the advancement of technology such as a wind tunnel for instance which could actually test the aerodynamic capability of a wing without the need for a trial and error type of approach. The first types of programs that were used to seek something better than the fly-fix-fly approach were known as the MIL-STD-882 which stood for the System Safety Program for Systems and Associated Subsystems and Equipment and the Minuteman Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) program which was one of the first major formal systems safety efforts. Q4) How did the MORT approach to system safety develop...
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...tectonics * Result of internal energy of Earth * External processes come from forces on Earth’s surface * Atmospheric effects * Energy from the sun Definitions * Hazard – probability that a specific damaging event will happen within a particular period of time * Risk – a function of the hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and coping capacity * Disaster – hazardous event that occurs over a limited time in a defined area * Catastrophe – massive disaster that requires significant amount of money or time to recover Disaster Trends * Recently, there has been an apparent increase in natural disasters * Eg. Japan tsunami, Haiti earthquake, Hurricane Katrina * The United Nations designated the 1990s as the International Decade for Natural Hazards Reduction * [graph] The cost of natural hazards is increasing worldwide, partly b/c world population doubled from 3bill to 6bill in only 40yrs [graph] The cost of natural hazards is increasing worldwide, partly b/c world population doubled from 3bill to 6bill in only 40yrs Mitigation – reduce the effects of something; natural disaster preparation Death and Damage Caused by Natural Hazards * Those hazards that have a great impact on human life may not cause the most property damage * Hazards vary greatly in their ability to cause catastrophe Magnitude and Frequency of Hazardous Events * Impact *...
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...68: Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity – Ulrich Beck Definition: Risk Society – a society increasingly preoccupied with the future, which generates the notion of risk. Globalizing the risks of civilization - The risks of civilization can be described in a formula: poverty is hierarchic, smog is democratic. - With the expansion of modernization risks, besides problems with endangering nature, health and food supply, social differences and limits are relativized. - Risk societies are not exactly class societies because their “risk positions” are classless. - Problems with globalization: o Food chains connect everyone on earth o Acid content of the air is destroying art sculptures o Modern geographical borders and barriers are being destroyed because of acid content of the air, i.e. Canadian lakes and Scandinavia Rationalization and Relativism - When everything turns into a hazard, nothing seems dangerous anymore. - “Ignorance is bliss.” - Risk society switches from hysteria to indifference. Boomerang Effect - Eventually risks and hazards catch up with those who create and profit from creating the risks and hazards. (Karma) Ecological devaluation and expropriation - Boomerang effect also affects media, money, property and legitimation. - The destruction and endangering of nature and the environment have devaluation in property rights. - “Everything which threatens life on this earth also threatens the property and commercial interests of those...
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...Program Management The emergency preparedness program starts with the building of a foundation involving management, leadership, commitment and financial support. Without the financial support and commitment from management, providing and building a successful emergency planning program and maintaining the necessary resources will be very difficult. Investing in a preparedness program is essential for maintaining and/or rebuilding your business after a disaster. As many as 40% of businesses affected by a natural or human related disaster never reopen. (Insurance Information Institute.) Larger businesses want their suppliers to have a preparedness plan. These large businesses want to be assured the chain of supply will remain constant during and after any disasters. While being insured will help with some of the loss after a disaster, it does not and will not replace the loss of a customer or customers. Fast and effective communication is a key component during and immediately after a disaster. In today’s world of social media, news is instant and true or not, word is out in literally seconds. News being released this fast, can be good or bad depending on the information. If something false is released to the media, it can be a complete disaster considering shareholders and customers will more than likely be receiving this information without knowing the real story or the other side of the story. If the information released immediately is what the company wants to be released...
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...* 2 out of 2 points | | | What is the minimum safe clearance between cranes and energized power lines operating at 50KV or below? Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | 10 feet | | | | | * Question 2 2 out of 2 points | | | Which of the following is NOT part of Heinrich's Domino theory of accident causation?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | d. Distraction by moving vehicle | | | | | * Question 3 2 out of 2 points | | | An electrical conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective measure is called _____________ Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | Grounding | | | | | * Question 4 2 out of 2 points | | | Any one who tells an employer about OSHA inspection in advance can be jailed or fined.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | | | | | * Question 5 0 out of 2 points | | | Workers working on scaffolds that are ______ feet above the next lower level shall be protected from falling to that level.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | a. 6 feet | | | | | * Question 6 2 out of 2 points | | | Serious violation carries a mandatory _____________ penalty, which may be adjusted downward. (a) $7,000* (b) $5,000 (c) $10,000 (d) $3,000 Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | $7,000 | | | | | * Question 7 0 out of 2 points | | | During a regular inspection, an OSHA inspector cited an employer for failure to provide...
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...D1 I have found 14 hazards in Barnfield College some are high risk some are medium and some are low risk , I have spoken to my teacher and complained about the hazards that I found in the college she recommended for me to speak to the health and safety office as they are able to do something about it, I have wrote down the process, the first down is identifying the risk I have already down this next is estimating the risks and controlling risks, monitoring effectiveness of controls. Risk assessment processes:- • Identifying risks :- To evaluate the risks and to associate with hazards, to assess the risks this hazard may cause, to inform that measure should be taken, risk assessment should reduce the risks from happening, for example: 1. Chemicals not stored in the right container. 2. Sharp requirements are in reach of children. 3. Toys scattered on the floor. 4. Overdue food. • Estimating risks When we have recognised the risk we must evaluate the risk in order to maintain a safe environment for the workers. Along with to check how bad this hazard is by estimating the scale from one to five, also see who is at risk and how many people would be harmed, furthermore make sure you know about the main risks and things you need to manage them responsibly, you need to do everything reasonable practicable to protect from harm. Ask these questions to yourself:- 1. Can I eliminate the hazard all together? 2. If not, how can I reduce the risks from happening and harming...
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...disaster. If our climate is changing it can cause effect to some area, for an example where it normally has snow it now melting and causing water level in that particular area to raise to an abnormal level. Since we cannot control mother nature we have to take into account and adapt to our new climate. According to “adapting to the climate change” when a climate change it may also cause some illness. In our disaster the heat wave has cause lot of people to become ill to a dangerous level which they can die from like the infant and elderly whom cannot withstand the high heat wave. I would try to advise much I as can to keep those who cannot be out in heat. The article “adapting to climate change” mention we can use past record to predict the future weather and climate change to see what could happen. It not very effected but it can help with preparation and promote the heat wave could hit the communities again. In case during of the heat wave we try to deliver message via email or letter mail to the communities. In these letter will contain what to do when disaster hit and what you can do from home to be safe. It is very similar natural disaster awareness and preparation guideline but it more climate...
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...in 2006 to 366 billion US $ in 2011 (Source: Annual Disaster Statistical Review, 2012). Scenario in India is no different from the global context. India is losing about 2% of GDP on an average due to the disasters. The country is prone to disasters due to its unique geophysical setting and socio-economic conditions. On account of its multi-layered vulnerability, the country has witnessed an increase in the occurrence of disasters resulting in widespread devastation. Disasters disrupt progress and destroy the outcome of developmental efforts over several years, often pushing nations in quest for progress back by several decades. "Disasters are sudden adverse unfortunate extreme events or hazards which cause great damage to human beings as well as plants and animals". A hazard becomes a disaster when it coincides with a vulnerable situation, when societies or communities are unable to cope with it with their own resources and capacities. Disasters are sometimes classified as whether they are 'natural disasters' or 'human-made disasters'. For example, floods,...
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...The word disaster implies a sudden overwhelming and unforeseen event. At the household level, a disaster could result in a major illness, death, a substantial economic or social misfortune. At the community level, it could be a flood, a fire, a collapse of buildings in an earthquake, the destruction of livelihoods, an epidemic or displacement through conflict. When occurring at district or provincial level, a large number of people can be affected. Most disasters result in the inability of those affected to cope with outside assistance. At the household level, this could mean dealing with the help from neighbours; at the national level, assistance from organizations such as the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the United Nations, various nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and government agencies themselves. As the limiting factor in disaster response is often the coping capacity of those affected, improving their resilience when responding to disasters is a key approach to lessening the consequence of a disaster. A vulnerability map gives the precise location of sites where people, the natural environment or property are at risk due to a potentially catastrophic event that could result in death, injury, pollution or other destruction. Such maps are made in conjunction with information about different types of risks. A vulnerability map can show the housing areas that are vulnerable to a chemical spill at a nearly factory. But it just as likely...
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...The Overseas Development Institute’s mission statement and values mirror my own professional and personal objectives. Having lost one parent to a disaster, the Joplin, Missouri tornado of May 22, 2011, and nearly losing the other when Hurricane Charley impacted central Florida in 2004, my life is dedicated to understanding the many components of community vulnerability to natural and technological hazards and working to mitigate these issues. For post-disaster communities, I focus on the recovery process; what factors expedite or hinder recovery, how communities define recovery, and how to improve the recovery process for future disasters. As an applied, cultural anthropologist, I employ ethnographic field methods to look beyond demographic and census information and identify cultural practices and worldviews that influence human interactions with their environment, how communities and cultural groups apply meaning to traumatic events, and how they select which risks to address and which to ignore. Scheduled to defend my doctoral thesis on June 3, 2016, I will soon have my Ph.D. in cultural anthropology with a specialization in disasters. Examining the resilience of Joplin, Missouri over the past five years of recovery, as noted by their receipt of the Rick Rescorla...
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...Planning Before Teaching The community health nurse would first need to assess the area. Learn what areas are at the highest risk for hurricanes and what areas are closest to the many military bases. The nurse would need to become familiar with the area’s current evacuation plan and safe-zone areas. The nurse would need to learn about the warning alerts that may be used in the area and the emergency numbers or radio stations that provide updated information. The nurse would need to prepare information by using power points and pamphlets in different languages and, if applicable, age specific. Information regarding when to evacuate, where to go and what items to have ready in an emergency kit would be included in the power points and pamphlets ("Virginia Gov," 2013). The nurse would need to look into funding and possible donations that might help members of the community put together their emergency kit. Involving area businesses in the planning and possible donation of supplies could be beneficial. The nurse should involve local police, fire and hospitals in the planning. Assessing for a location for the teaching to be given would need to be done. The area for the teaching would need to be large and easily accessible to members of the community. The nurse would need to have language interpreters available during the teaching to ensure that the information is understood by all. The date and time for the teaching would need to be set as well. Setting the date and time for maximum...
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...Community Teaching Work Plan Concepts in Community and Public Health Community Teaching Work Plan Proposed Community Teaching A disaster is described as an event that causes great damage and loss of life. A disaster can be an earthquake, flood, fire, explosion, hurricane, or any event that is catastrophic to infrastructure and claims lives. Disasters affect the lives of thousands of people every year. Being prepared for a disaster can reduce fear and anxiety. Being prepared can also help to decrease the amount of losses that can occur. Individuals and families need to know what to do in the event of a disaster like a hurricane ("FEMA," “n.d”). Communities that consist of military bases face different risks related to disasters. They are at increased risk for nuclear accidents and acts of terrorism. For these reasons, disaster preparedness for the families of Hampton Roads Virginia would be necessary for the community health care nurse to provide. Epidemiological Rational for Topic The area of Hampton Road is located on the eastern coast of Virginia. Being a coastal area, Hampton Roads is vulnerable to strong storms and hurricanes. Hampton Roads is one of the top areas in the country at risk for storm surges resulting from a category 5 hurricane. A Category 5 hurricane could cause $39 billion worth of damage to homes and surrounding areas in Hampton Roads ("Hurricanes and Storms...
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...Disaster: A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people. The studies reflect a common opinion when they argue that all disasters can be seen as being human-made, their reasoning being that human actions before the strike of the hazard can prevent it developing into a disaster. All disasters are hence the result of human failure to introduce appropriate disaster management measures. Hazards are routinely divided into natural or human-made, although complex disasters, where there is no single root cause, are more common in developing countries. A specific disaster may spawn a secondary disaster that increases the impact. A classic example is an earthquake that causes a tsunami, resulting in coastal flooding. Natural Disaster A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial, environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their...
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