...The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (also known as the G-20, G20, and Group of Twenty) is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 major economies: 19 countries plus the European Union, which is represented by the President of the European Council and by the European Central Bank.[2] The G-20 heads of government or heads of state have also periodically conferred at summits since their initial meeting in 2008. Collectively, the G-20 economies account for more than 80 percent of the gross world product (GWP),[3] 80 percent of world trade (including EU intra-trade), and two-thirds of the world population.[2] They furthermore account for 84.1 percent and 82.2 percent of the world's economic growth by nominal GDP and GDP (PPP) respectively from the years 2010 to 2016, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The G-20 was proposed by former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin[4] as a forum for cooperation and consultation on matters pertaining to the international financial system. The group was formally inaugurated in September 1999, and held its first meeting in December 1999. It studies, reviews, and promotes high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability, and seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization. With the G-20 growing in stature after the 2008 Washington summit, its leaders announced on September 25, 2009, that the...
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...1. Do you think Wal-Mart could translate its merchandising strategy wholesale to another country and succeed? If not, why not? Wal-Mart is the worlds largest retailer with a bunch of advantages above the rest. I think it is extremely possible for Wal-Mart to translate it’s merchandising strategy wholesale to another country and be highly successful. The main method to focus on is being able to understand the culture and environment that it would need to transition its methods to. For example, China originally turned its nose up at the Americanized way that Wal-Mart presented itself when it first opened. Chinese culture didn’t agree with many things, the main thing being that the meat was sold in Styrofoam or that the fish was dead, it was offensive to them. So Wal-Mart adapted to the Chinese culture and it has been a huge success for them. 2. Why do you think Wal-Mart was successful in Mexico? I think Wal-Mart was successful in Mexico because they hired local managers that were very well versed in the Mexican Culture and they allowed them to control the merchandising strategy as they saw it. After reading this case study I learned that adaption is the key to survival in different environments and economies. Since there are very few vehicles in Mexico transportation is slim, so by building smaller, closer stores was another huge benefit of it being successful in Mexico. 3. Why do you think Wal-Mart failed in South Korea and Germany? What are the differences between...
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...1. Do you think Walmart could translate its merchandising strategy wholesale to an other country and succeed? I do think Wal-Mart could translate its merchandising strategy to another country, but it would depend on the country. While Walmart might be able to successfully operate in some countries, it might fail in some. For instance, Wal-Mart translated its merchandising strategy whole sale to both Mexico and China and succeeded and yet they failed in South Korea and Germany. To succeed in a certain country, Walmart needs to understand the country’s culture, their customer’s purchasing habits and preferences as well as do some research on their competitors in that country before they enter into a new market. Without taking all these into consideration and adjusting their strategy to the particular market, Walmart could fail in that country. 2.Why do you think Walmart was successful in Mexico? When Walmart hit some headwinds in Mexico, they quickly discovered the differences between shoppers in Mexico and the US which is why WalMart adjusted its strategy to meet the country’s local conditions, first by hiring local managers who understood Mexican culture, and then letting those managers control merchandising strategy, building smaller stores that people could walk to, and offering more fresh produce. At the same time, the company believed that it could gradually change the shopping culture in Mexico, educating consumers by showing them the benefits of its American merchandising...
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...after the 2009 G-20 London summit in April 2009 as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum. The Board includes all G-20 major economies, FSF members, Spain, and the European Commission. It is based in Basel, Switzerland.[1] Contents [hide] 1 Background 2 Overview 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links [edit]Background The Financial Stability Board emerged from the Financial Stability Forum (FSF), a group of finance ministries, central bankers, and international financial bodies. The FSF was founded in 1999 to promote international financial stability, after discussions among Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the G7 countries, and a study which they commissioned.[2] The FSF facilitated discussion and co-operation on supervision and surveillance of financial institutions, transactions and events. FSF was managed by a small secretariat housed at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland.[3] The FSF membership included about a dozen nations who participate through their central banks, financial ministries and departments, and securities regulators, including: the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and several other industrialized economies as well as several international economic organizations.[4] At the G20 summit on November 15, 2008 it was agreed that the membership of the FSF will be expanded to include emerging economies, such as China. The 2009 G-20 London summit...
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...International Business Case Study Quiz (Wal-Mart) Prepared by: Salem Saeed Ali Al Hafri Instructor: Dr. SUDHAKAR KOTA 1. What did Wal-Mart learn from its experiences in Mexico? How if at all, did Wal-mart apply those lessons to its expansion in Europe and South Korea? Wal-Mart starts business with right decision to hire Mexican managers as they understand the culture, preferences dislike of the Mexican people. Multinational compares should always understand the culture harms and lifestyle of the people in the countries. They operate and this is what Wal mart did right in Mexico. Being a US based firm, just opening a branch in Mexico would have done no success in such business. Therefore, they should apply same strategy at other project expansion at Europe and South Korea to gain same success story of this company. Wal-Mart was not able to apply demons to the European and south Korean market because they were not able to offer what the consumers required in addition they're already established competitors. 2. Why has Wal-Mart been so successful in china? How have similarities between American shopping habits and Chinese shopping habits facilitated its success there? Wal-mart have successful story in china because it found the parallels between shopping habits and attitude among two countries Chinese and American. In addition to that, they depend adapted on their strategy to fit the local market now not only allows unions but is also selling a product mix designed...
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...G-20 Finance Officials to Urge Spending Ramp-up, Economic Overhauls By The world’s top finance officials meeting in China this week will urge their counterparts to ramp up spending and speed economic overhauls to revive flagging growth, worried about an overreliance on easy-money policies that could spell trouble for the global economy. A series of global market routs and rising recession risks have raised the stakes for the Group of 20 leading economies as they try to craft a coordinated strategy to boost the world’s economic output and calm investor jitters. The problem is figuring out how to revive demand in a world where central banks are running out of gas and most of the world’s biggest growth engines are downshifting, idling or struggling to get out of first gear. The solution, many G-20 officials have indicated in recent days, is a stronger effort to restructure stagnating economies and increase investment in infrastructure. “We have to commit to using all policy levers,” said U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew in an interview. “The burden shouldn’t be on any one of the policy levers, either excessively or certainly not exclusively.” Worried about a dimming outlook, the International Monetary Fund on Wednesdaycalled on the G-20 to engineer “coordinated demand support, using available fiscal space to boost public investment and complement structural reform.” The temptation, however, will be to keep relying on monetary policy or even currency depreciation to spur exports...
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...India and the Global Economy 14 CHAPTER The big story of the last decade for India has been its arrival on the global scene. The Indian economy had broken free of the low-growth trap from the early 1980s. By the mid-1990s, following the economic reforms of 1991-3, India began to appear as a player of some significance in the global economy. Then, following the East Asian crisis of the late 1990s, and from the first years of the first decade of the 21st century there was no looking back. India’s exports began to climb, its foreign exchange reserves, which for decades had hovered around 5 billion dollars, rose exponentially after the economic reforms and in little more than a decade had risen to 300 billion dollars. Indian corporations that rarely ventured out of India were suddenly investing all over the world and even in some industrialized countries. When, in 2009, the Group of 20 (G-20) was raised to the level of a forum for leaders, India was a significant member of this global policy group. 14.2 The globalization of India has given rise to new opportunities but it has also brought with it new challenges and responsibilities. It means that the global economy can no longer be viewed from a spectator’s standpoint. What happens there has large implications for India. Every time there is a major financial crisis anywhere in the world, there is need to take brace position. And, in turn, the rise and fall of India’s growth rate has an impact on global growth and there...
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...Government Plans Programme & Policies Topic: INDIA, G 20 AND THE WORLD (PART -1) Introduction Second World War was definitive in redistribution of the world power. Authority of United States of America was established and after a prolonged cold war with the other waning super power, USSR, the power slowly shifted towards the western democracies led by US. Japan was quick to recover too and through its technological innovations & business practices soon became a formidable force despite its relatively smaller area, population and insignificant military prowess. Economic might had become the new centre of gravity and formations like G6, a club of the rich, involving US, Japan France, Germany, Italy and UK emerged in 1975. Origin of G-20 After the second world war, free from occupation and external aggression countries like India and China, initially stayed aloof addressing their own domestic concerns, building their nations. It took some time for these countries to integrate themselves in the world economy. Meanwhile they continued to grow rapidly in terms of population, a factor that they could later leverage when they would start to open up. Slowly even with relatively lower per capita GDP but a big enough population and favourable age structure their overall impact in world economy could no longer be ignored. In the meantime, Developed countries were at their peak. The way in which business would be done was changing world over. Spurred by the information technology (IT)...
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...ISCOR 300 Spring 2014 Tuesday 4:00-6:00pm Exam Study Guide IDs: You should be able to identify major terms, concepts, events, and people. A good ID response requires that you state who or what it is, AND its significance in the context of the course (how, why important? The so what question). Study suggestion: go through the readings and video, lecture, and discussion notes; make an extended list of potential candidates (20-25). Choose 10-15 to concentrate and focus on in relation to what a good ID should be. YOU WILL HAVE A LARGE NUMBER OF IDs TO CHOOSE FROM, 5 out of 10-12. Each ID will be worth 10 points, for a total of 50 points. FOR EXAMPLE, in a class dealing with international security, an ID for Aum Shinrikyo would be as follows: Aum Shinrikyo was an apocalyptic Japanese religious cult that released sarin nerve gas in the Tokyo subway in 1995, killing 12 and injuring over 5,000. The ultimate goal of the cult was to bring about chaos on an international scale culminating in a nuclear war, as a means of ushering in the apocalypse. The 1995 attack was an effort to test methods of dispersing chemical weapons, a step towards achieving that goal. Significance: Aum Shinrikyo was the first non-state actor to successfully carry out a large-scale chemical weapon attack against civilians. The cult illustrates a new face of terrorism, post-modern terrorism. Post-modern terrorism is defined as groups without specific political or sub-national...
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...parliamentary democracy. The society is open and transparent, and the rule of law, so fundamental for sound business operations, underpins the Australian political and economic arrangements. Australia offers a safe environment in which to make business. Private property rights are secure. The courts have judicial independence. The public services are effective and efficient. Strong and mature national institutions are a key factor behind the favourable business perception of Australia (A G, Department of foreign affairs and trade 2012) The need to be a modern economy has long been recognised by Australian policy makers. Australia certainly has world famous agricultural and mining industries, but it also has a sophisticated services and manufacturing base. Indeed, services and manufactures now account for almost half the total value of the Australian exports. And it has an strong communication systems, logistics and transportation networks, as well as very high levels of computer, Internet and e-commerce usage(A G, Department of foreign affairs and trade 2012). Australia's long history of...
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... India will exceed every major European market inc. Germany, France and UK in automotive sales - making India the 4th largest automotive market by volume in the world 3. Over the next 20 years, India will be part of global automotive triumvirate - the global BIG 3 4. In fact, we expect the India automotive sales to exceed the US market by mid 2030s 5. The global automotive game will be pretty much decided by twin forces for China and India Booz & Company DATE India Auto Market.ppt Prepared for client name 1 India is booming – and projected to maintain the trajectory Real GDP Growth Regional: Percentage of World GDP 2005-2020 2004 India 2% China 4% US 28% China Japan 12% Growth Rate (Base=2005) Other 20% 4.0 EU 34% 2050 Estimate Other 10% US 26% India 17% 3.5 India 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 China 28% Thailand United Kingdom Germany EU 15% 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 1.0 Japan 4% Source: Global Insights Database, Business Week, Booz & Company analysis Booz & Company DATE India Auto Market.ppt Prepared for client name 2 Emerging markets are transforming the economic landscape — could the future repeat the past ? Percentage Contribution to World Economy Percent Contribution of India & China, US, Western Europe and UK to World Economy (1500–2050 AD) 80% 80%...
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...Agricultural Dilemma It is no surprise that global trade has considerably increased over the few decades. Global trade is and has been a major contributing factor in boosting growth to underdeveloped countries and improved the flow of capital investments. Global review of free trade policies and liberalization are important in trading across borders, but there are also significant problems regarding agriculture trade of developing economies. The economic growth and development of developing countries is extremely dependent upon their agriculture. Over the last few decades there have been persistent demands by developing countries for improvement in accessing world markets, the need for their agricultural exports, the need for better conditions, more competition and demands for differential treatment. The governments of developing countries should be held accountable for the poverty that their people face. Their rules need to be disbanded and then the formation of new rules can help to regain their food security and foreign receipts of economies. The formation of new rules would help to bring down the poverty levels and enhance fairness between citizens. Liberalization and free trade can spark economic growth and help to reduce poverty in developing countries and is needed in order to enhance global trading (Shah, 2013). The World Trade Organization has made great strides in the agricultural trade reform, but we still have a ways to go. Global agricultural trade...
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...INFOANALYTICA FINANCIAL, ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT ANANDARUP GHOSHAL 2008 ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL, AHMEDABAD SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT FINANCIAL, ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS IBS AHMEDABAD 2|Page SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT PROJECT AREA: FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS FACULTY GUIDE: PROF. AMIT SARASWAT COMPANY NAME: INFOANALYTICA COMPANY GUIDE: ULLAS UNNIKRISHAN MARAR IBS AHMEDABAD SUBMITTED BY: ANANDARUP GHOSHAL ENROLLMENT NO: 07BS0024 MOBILE NO: 9913815561 E-MAIL: anandarup99@yahoo.co.in 3|Page I am thankful towards my company INFOANALYTICA a division of the Agarwal management consultants for giving me this great opportunity to work into the company for the summer internship project. It was a very good learning experience for me. I am thankful to the CEO of the company Mr. Amit Gupta. My project guide Mr. Ullas Marar has helped me a lot whenever I needed. My regards to my college faculty guide Mr. Amit Saraswat for being extremely helpful during the project. For him this was working as well as a learning experience. During my project I have got help from many other faculties. I am very thankful to Dr. Rashid Saiyeed, Prof. Toby Mammen, Dr. Saji Kumar and Mr. Ravi Gor. I am thankful to our director Prof. Bala Bhaskaran for providing me this great opportunity of the learning. 4|Page Table of Contents INTRODUCTION: ....................
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...Recession * Poor risk management * Over reliance on the Bull market * Trade Imbalance and debt bubbles * Lack of Transparency * Misguided information from the rating agencies 4. Effects on global trade * Trade and Industrial production * Unemployment * Financial market * Travel * Insurance * Small business lending * Pollution 5. Global responses 6. Policy recommendations 7. Risks 8. References Introduction In 2008, the world experienced a major financial crisis which was rooted from the US housing market; moreover, many economists considered it as one of the great recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge affect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. In this paper, I will analyze the impact of the recession on the global trade, the results of it and the risk and opportunities that came along with it. The Recession In April 2009, the world economy appeared to be in a free fall. Global trade between the countries had decreased 15.8 percent over the last two quarters of 2008 and the first quarters of 2009. This global trade collapse had...
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...presentation and type-written assignment Student: Aliaskar Batyrbek Student ID: NE/WICKL/UWIC/BABS/1011/0117 Assignment Topic: An investigation study of development of oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan Table of Contents 2 Introduction 4 2.1 Country Profile 4 2.2 History of industry 4 3 Research Objectives 5 4 Literature Review 6 4.1 Geographic Factor 6 4.1.1 Major Oilfields 8 4.1.2 Export Operating Pipelines 9 4.2 Government Policies 11 4.3 Financial Factor and R&D Factor 12 4.4 Market Prospects 14 4.4.1 Market players 14 4.4.2 Production 15 4.4.3 Consumption 16 5 Research Methodology 18 6 Time Scale / Gantt Chart 19 7 References 20 Figure 1 4 Figure 2 (KMG, 2012) 5 Figure 3 (BP, 2012) 5 Figure 4 (European Dialogue, 2012) 6 Figure 5 (BP, 2012) 6 Figure 6 (CIA, 2012) 8 Figure 7 (Centre for Global Energy Studies, 2012) 9 Figure 8 (Centre for Global Energy Studies, 2012) 9 Figure 9 (The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2012) 10 Figure 10 (S. Arkhipov., W. Brennan., G. Elfond., N. Lv., A. Omarova., 2010) 12 Figure 11 (BP, 2012) 14 Figure 12 (BP, 2012) 14 Figure 13 (BP, 2012) 15 Figure 14 (BP, 2012) 15 Figure 15 (EIA, 2012) 15 Figure 16 17 Figure 17 18 Introduction Country Profile Kazakhstan is a country, located in Central Asia. It is the largest landlocked...
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