...Police Suicide Rates and Gastric Bypass Cures Type II Diabetes Stacey Davis RES/351 November 03, 2015 Evie Einstein Police Suicide and Gastric Bypass During the process of a university library search for articles to utilize during the stages of the research process paper, a couple of interesting articles surfaced. These article are completely unrelated and of varying tones and subject matters. The two research articles deal with police suicide rates and gastric bypass surgery curing type II diabetes. These articles go through examination to practice identifying the critical first stage of developing a research study. In the article about the police suicide rate, the purpose of the research examined the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of police suicide rates in comparison with municipal workers (Violanti, 1996). The research question in this article is whether police suicide is predictable. The hypotheses in this article are that police are at a higher risk of suicide than the general population and that police suicide rates are misreported frequently. The dependent variables measured in this article are suicide rates and death records and the independent variables are police officers and municipal workers (Violanti, 1996). In the article about gastric bypass surgery curing type II diabetes, the purpose of the research was to show the immediate results of the surgery in type II diabetics with a lower body mass index (BMI) (Kim, 2014). The research question...
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...Effect: Obesity and the “Miracle Surgery” Obesity is a life-threatening “epidemic” that is rising across America. Americans now eat 2,700 calories a day, about 500 calories more than 40 years ago (Ambinder, par 3). It seems as though dieting is not enough for those whose weight is out of control. The fast food companies’ job is to make food tasty enough to purchase, but the consequence is consumption of fatty food ingredients that do not help those who cannot control their dietary intake. There are some people who do not mind being obese, but there are those who are seeking a solution to their problem of obesity. Obesity can cause several life-threatening diseases and even death if not reversed. The surgery that over a million people are turning to is gastric bypass. This surgery is considered a “miracle cure” that will reverse chronic diseases and may save their life. There are so many commercials that promote weight loss for the overweight individual. You have Weight Watchers, Jenny Craig, Food Lovers Lost Program, liquids, powders, and exercises that promote weight loss. Unfortunately, there are millions of people that have spent thousands of dollars to find a solution to weight loss. According to the (ABC News “100 Million Dieters, $20 Billion: The Weight Loss Industry by the Numbers which aired 5/8/13, $20 million dollars a year in the United States is spent on weight loss, which includes diet books, diet drugs and weight loss surgeries. Yet, there are those who have...
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...Bariatric Surgery and the Effects on Comorbidities Abstract This synthesis of literature provides a summary of the data that has been collected over the years through experimentation, literature reviews, qualitative research, and the results that have been construed from that data will be presented. It discusses the concept of the effects of bariatric surgery and answers the question - do people who have the surgery have better health outcomes, specifically with hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus, than those who do not? A summary of research reveals that there is a significant reduction and/or total remission of both of these co-morbidities that were often life long. Other benefits, such as quality of life, social standings, and healthcare cost reduction are examined and positively reported. Review of current data to include strengths and weaknesses, conceptual frameworks, and the current state of knowledge reveal that bariatric procedures have shown the efficacy and safety in the treatment of morbid obesity and have gained wider acceptance in the medical world. Synthesis of Bariatric Surgery and the Effects on Comorbidities For years people have turned to diets in an effort to lose weight and get healthier. At no time has that been more the case than in America today. People spend billions of dollars a year trying to lose weight and the numbers are not encouraging. The prevalence in obesity with related Type II Diabetes and Hypertension...
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...weight loss procedures and surgery. The Roux-en-y gastric bypass, gastric sleeve, mini- gastric bypass and revisional surgery are some of the procedures offered at the center. Our weight loss guide can help you to decide on the best weight loss surgery option for you. Our qualified, experienced staff is always available for consultation. You can contact us to see which option best suits your needs. Some of our other services include Hernia repair surgery, single incision gastric sleeve as well as cosmetic surgery. We have listed below example of a few of the surgical procedures and services available at the center. From...
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...Care in Weight Loss Surgery: Best Practice Update Isaac Greenberg1, Stephanie Sogg2 and Frank M. Perna3 The objective of this study is to update evidence-based best practice guidelines for psychological evaluation and treatment of weight loss surgery (WLS) patients. We performed a systematic search of English-language literature on WLS and mental health, quality of life, and behavior modification published between April 2004 and May 2007 in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Key words were used to narrow the search for a selective review of abstracts, retrieval of full articles, and grading of evidence according to systems used in established evidence-based models. Our literature search identified 17 articles of interest; 13 of the most relevant were reviewed in detail. From these, we developed evidence-based best practice recommendations on the psychological assessment and treatment of WLS patients. Regular updates of evidence-based recommendations for best practices in psychological care are required to address the impact of mental health on short- and long-term outcomes after WLS. Key factors in patient safety include comprehensive preoperative evaluation, use of appropriate and reliable evaluation instruments, and the development of short- and long-term treatment plans. Obesity (2009) 17, 880–884. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.571 Introduction Evidence-based best practice guidelines for psychological assessment and care in weight loss surgery (WLS) have been previously...
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...GI and Diabetes Exam Study Guide Tube Feeding – (enteral nutrition) refers to the administration of a nutritional balanced liquefied food or formula through a tube inserted into the stomach, duodenum, jejunum. It is used to provide nutrients via the GI tract either alone or as a supplement to oral or parenteral nutrition. - Nasogastric (NG) Tube – is most commonly used for short-term feeding problems. Other means of feeding are; esophagostomy, gastrostomy or jejunostomy. Transpyloric tube placement or placement into the jejunum is used when physiologic condition warrant feeding the pt below the pyloric sphincter. Special Indications – anorexia, orofacial fractures, head and neck cancer, neurologic or psychiatric conditions that prevent oral intake, extensive burns and those who are receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Procedure for tube feeding 1. Patient position – 30-45 degrees position. Head remain elevated for 30-60 mins 2. Patency of tube – Tube should be irrigated with water before and after each feeing to ensure patency. 3. Tube Position – Placement of tube is checked before each feeing or every 8 hours with continuous feeings. Checking methods; aspiration and pH. 4. Formula 5. Administration of feeding – feeing are given either by gravity drip method or by feeding pump. 6. General Nursing Considerations – daily weight, accurate I’s and O’s. Blood glucose check. Complication Related To tube and feeding - Vomiting and or Aspiration -...
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...Seriousness of Diabetes Diabetes is a very serious disease often overlooked. Diabetes is a disease that affects 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population in the United States. This disease results when there are high levels of sugar in the blood for an extended period of time. It can be controlled by diet, exercise, medication and insulin injections. There are three main types of diabetes; Type I, which affects primarily the younger population, type II, which primarily affects the population above forty years old, and gestational diabetes, which affects women during the third trimester of their pregnancy. While scientists do not know what causes diabetes, they do know that it is caused from a variety of factors that can vary from person to person, being heredity, overweight, and problems with beta cells, which are located in the pancreas. Diabetes can result in blurred vision, retinopathy, nerve problems, dry skin, and kidney issues. Diet plays a major role in the prevention of these problems. Sugar concentration in the blood is a major factor for diabetics, so understanding the sugar content of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is essential. The goal from a diet perspective is to control your sugar in your bloodstream in a way that the insulin in your bloodstream can manage it efficiently. In addition to diet, medication and exercise also plays a role in monitoring the disease. Currently, there is no known cure for diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic disease marked by high...
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...HCA 240 May 7, 2011 Public Awareness and Human Diseases Introduction Obesity is an issue that is growing rapidly every day. According to WebMD (2010), “Obesity is an excess proportion of total body fat. A person is considered obese when his or her weight is 20% or more above normal weight.” More and more adults are overweight, but what is worse is that there are more and more children who are obese, or are on the fast track to becoming obese. Families are more inclined to eat out because of its convenience and often do not realize the consequences. Television and video games have replace outside activities such as riding a bike and playing sports. There are many different factors that cause obesity. If one has improper eating habits such as eating fast food often, eating larger portions than what is recommended, or eating to relieve stress or boredom then they are more likely to be obese, or become obese, than someone who eats a healthier diet. “While most overweight people have no more psychological disturbances than people at their normal weight, about 30% of people who seek treatment for serious weight problems have difficulties with binge eating.” (WebMD, 2010) Obesity can also be genetic. If one has a family history of obesity, then their chances of becoming obese are greater than someone who does not have a family history of obesity. According to WebMD (2010), “If your biological mother is heavy as an adult, there is approximately a 75% chance that you will be heavy...
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...Abstract Diabetes is a very serious disease often overlooked. Diabetes is a disease that affects 18.2 million people in the United States alone. This disease results when there is a high level of sugar in the blood for an extended period of time. It can be controlled by diet, exercise, pills and insulin injections. There are three main types of diabetes--Type I, which affects primarily the younger population; Type II, which primarily affects the population above 40; and gestational diabetes, which affects women during the third trimester of their pregnancy. While scientists do not know what causes diabetes, they do know that it is caused from a variety of factors that can vary from person to person. Examples of these factors are heredity, being overweight, and problems with beta cells, which are located in the pancreas. Diabetes can result in blurred vision, retinopathy, nerve problems, dry skin, and kidney issues. Diet plays a major role in the prevention of these problems. Sugar concentration in the blood is a major factor for diabetics, so understanding the sugar content of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is essential. The goal from a diet perspective is to control your sugar in your bloodstream in such a way that the insulin in your bloodstream can manage it efficiently. In addition to diet, medication and exercise play a key role in controlling this disease. Currently, there is no known cure for diabetes. Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease marked by high levels...
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...Overweight and Obesity in America Mary Watts ENG 122 English Composition II Instructor: Professor James Lange July 7, 2014 According to the National Institute of Health, obesity is defined as having an excess of body fat. Obesity is more prevalent when a person has a body mass index of 30 or more. Being obese differs from being overweight, in that being overweight can be caused from extra fat, muscle, bone, or water. It is well known in the United States that obesity is a dangerous epidemic. From 2011 to 2012, over 34% of Americans were obese (Flegal, 2014). The overweight and obesity problem has become a major health problem in the U. S. In America a lot of our health problems stem from being overweight and obese. They represent nearly all ages and socio‑economic groups of peoples. . Obesity and overweightness depends on how much energy you take in (the calories in When the body has an excess of unused calories, the body will store the calories as fat. Consuming more calories than burned can be the result of unhealthy diet and eating habits. An unhealthy diet lacks fruits and vegetables and is high in fat. Lack of exercise or sedentary lifestyle can also contribute to excess calories. The American Heart Association recommends that people commit to increasing their heart rate through exercise or physical activity for thirty minutes per day, five times a week. Things such as walking, stair climbing, swimming, jogging, biking...
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...The Adkin’s Diet How Adkins Works Adkins is a low carb/sugar, high vegetable/protein diet. The goal of the diet is to allow your body to go into ketosis. This occurs when your body stops burning carbs and sugar (glucose) for energy and start burning fat (lipids) reserves. My Personal Experince with Adkins I first earned of the Atkins Diet when I was in my mid-teens (1995ish.) My mother has just been diagnosed a few years prior with type II diabetes and had to start directly on insulin. She heard there was a diet that would allow her to maybe stop taking insulin all together or at least only have to take pills. Being an avid reader and researcher she found the doctor’s book where she learned cutting carbs and sugar from her diet could reduce her dependence on insulin. Being a typical self-absorbed teenager I don’t remember many of the details of her weight loss or what if any medical issues occurred. I do however remember the crazy looks and discussions that occurred when my mom sent me out for fast food and I would ask for a burger without a bun. There are a lot of mouth breathers in the fast food industry, and asking some of these people for this simple request was just too much for them to comprehend. My mom lost over 100 pounds in less than a year, when combined the diet with water aerobics. Because there was way less sugary and carb rich foods in the house I lost a lot of weight also. Looking back at pictures of that time both my mom and I never looked...
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...International Classification of Diseases Coding II Chapter 17 – 27 Chapter 17: 1. Which of the following anemias is caused by a failure of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells and may be congenital or acquired? A. Bone marrow deficiency anemia B. Sickle-cell anemia C. Aplastic anemia D. Thalassemia 2. Which of the following terms refers to either a reduction in the quantity of hemoglobin or a reduction in the volume of red blood cells? E. Anemia F. Coagulation defect G. Thrombocytopenia H. Leukocytosis 3. When a diagnostic statement of anemia is not qualified in any way, what should the coder do? I. Review the record for a surgical procedure; and if the patient had surgery, code as anemia due to acute blood loss. J. Review the medical record before assigning an unspecified type of anemia. K. Review the medical record to determine if the patient has been prescribed iron tablets, and code as iron-deficiency anemia. L. Review the medical record to determine if the patient has received chemotherapy, and assign the code for anemia due to antineoplastic chemotherapy. 4. Which of the following statements is true regarding a patient with documented sickle-cell trait? M. The patient has sickle-cell disease. N. Both of the patient’s parents carried the sickle-cell gene. O. The code for sickle-cell disease should be assigned. P. The patient received...
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...have contributed to the rising numbers of obese children. Without proper treatment, children are more likely to become obese adults and develop major health problems. Lack of physical activity is the leading cause of obesity in children. Children have decreased their involvement in physical activities such as exercising and playing sports, and have increased their involvement in sedentary activities. For example, several studies by Dietz have found that increased television viewing increases the percentage of time children spend on sedentary activities. Without a corresponding reduction in caloric intake, obesity may result (“Television” 543-550). Moreover, statistics show that children spend at least six and a half hours a day with some type of media, such as watching television, playing video games or surfing the internet. Children need to have at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day and cut down the media to about 2 hours per day. The easiest way to get kids to exercise is to just get them to play games that will keep them physically active like hide and go seek or tag....
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...Diarrhea / ORT DEFINITION | SIGNS/SYMPTOMS | Most commonly due to acute infectious diarrhea (gastroenteritis) from a variety of causative organismsAntibiotics are a common cause of acute diarrhea! | Acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines caused by viruses, bacteria or their toxins or parasitesPresents commonly with diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.CommunicabilityOften fecal-oral route (especially viruses)Food poisoning (especially bacteria)Day care centers, crowded living conditions, poor sanitation and cleanliness | DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | MAIN TREATMENT | Stool gram stain and culture (if bloody stools)Stool for Ova & Parasites (if hx suggestive)CBC – assess for anemia/infectionUrinalysis and urine culture (r/o UTI)Electrolytes | Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is one of the major worldwide health advances of the last decade:Safer, less painful, and less costly than IV rehydrationOral rehydration solution enhances and promotes reabsorption of H2O and NaReduces vomiting, diarrhea, and duration of illnessORT GuidelinesDiarrhea w/o dehydrationMild dehydrationMod dehydrationSevere dehydrationReplacing ongoing losses | MAJOR TEACHING POINTS | NURSING CONSIDERATIONS | Teach parents at well childcare visits in first yearKeep 24 hour supply of ORT in homeBegin with first sign of diarrheaReplace with ½ cup ORT for each diarrheal stoolSeek medical attention prn signs or dehydrationAfter re-hydration resume breast/formula feeding or normal diet...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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