...Gastric Bypass and Diabetes Literature Research Shayne Howard Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research 03/19/2016 Introduction Diabetes is one of the most deadly diseases known to man. That is a bold statement but when you consider that a big percentage of the other most deadly diseases like heart disease, kidney failure and strokes can be caused by diabetes then it puts it in to perspective. Diabetes causes many health problems besides these as well. The complications associated with diabetes are numerous but include neuropathy, blindness, amputation, impotency, depression and cognitive decline just to name a few. Some of these complications are inevitable but they can be avoided or at least prevented for an amount of time with proper diet and exercise or following a medication regimen. For some however the disease hits too hard too fast or because of physical restraints exercise is not a viable option. For these patients a surgical option such as weight loss surgery may be their only recourse. There are 4 major types of weight loss surgery that can be used to treat morbid obesity and in turn diabetes. There are the Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, the Gastric sleeve, Gastric banding, and the Duodenal switch. The most popular for mild weight loss is the gastric band in which an adjustable band is place around the stomach limiting the size and thereby limiting the amount of food intake. This is less invasive and reversible but also less effective overall...
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...Mexico Bariatric Services The Mexico Bariatric Centre has available a wide variety of services including all of the major weight loss procedures and surgery. The Roux-en-y gastric bypass, gastric sleeve, mini- gastric bypass and revisional surgery are some of the procedures offered at the center. Our weight loss guide can help you to decide on the best weight loss surgery option for you. Our qualified, experienced staff is always available for consultation. You can contact us to see which option best suits your needs. Some of our other services include Hernia repair surgery, single incision gastric sleeve as well as cosmetic surgery. We have listed below example of a few of the surgical procedures and services available at the center. From...
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...While both Gastric-Bypass and the Lap-Band procedure have similarities, there are differences in the amount of discomfort, effort, and amount and time of weight loss. There are many important decisions to be made when choosing which procedure would best fit the needs, lifestyle, and health of an individual. Comparing these side-by-side should help in making an informed decision. Here is a brief description of each procedure. Gastric-Bypass is a surgical bypass operation performed to restrict food intake and reduce absorption of calories and nutrients in the treatment of severe obesity that typically involves reducing the size of the stomach and reconnecting the smaller stomach to bypass the first portion of the small intestine. (1)The Lap-Band procedure is a silicone belt or collar that goes around the upper part of the stomach. (2) The Lap-Band procedure is also surgical based. Both procedures restrict the amount of food that can be eaten resulting in loss of weight. Both procedures are surgical. While Gastric Bypass alters the stomach and intestines, Lap-Band does not. On the other hand, Lap-Band introduces a band that is left inside of the body, while gastric bypass does not. The surgical risks of both procedures are very similar. Having Gastric By-Pass, the risks associated with the surgical procedure can include: Excessive bleeding, Infection, Adverse reactions to anesthesia, Blood clots, Lung or breathing problems, Leaks in your gastrointestinal...
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...LOM Assignment 1 Michaela McClellen The Dangers of Gastric Bypass and Lap-Band Procedures As with any surgery, gastric bypass and lap-band procedures pose potential health risks. One danger with the gastric bypass procedure is a condition known as “dumping syndrome”, this is where ingested foods bypass the stomach too rapidly and enter the small intestine largely undigested. This undigested food draws excessive fluid into the small intestine causing nausea, cramping, diarrhea, sweating, feeling faint and fast heart rate. In addition people with this syndrome often suffer from low blood sugar or hypoglycemia. Blood clots in the legs can be another danger: In some cases they travel to the lungs and lodge in the arteries which could cause a pulmonary embolism, a serious condition that damages lung tissues and can even lead to death.(“Gastric Bypass Surgery” ,2007) The lap-band procedure also has dangerous risks, one being: Infection of Surgical wounds, or deep abdominal infections because of manipulation of the bowel and organs with the added potential of damaging of bowels and releasing contaminated contents into the stomach. Another risk is the slipping of the band from its original position, if this were to occur then the surgical procedure would be necessary to be performed again. (Chrisholm, 2011) 2 References Mayo Clinic (2007, Oct 5). Gastric Bypass Surgery: What to expect? Retrieved July 17, 2013 from CNN Health...
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...I have always had a fear of failure. I would do just enough to make it by without putting in too much effort. Basically, I was always just going through the motions of life without really living. Then last year God took me on a journey, one that would change my whole outlook on life. On May 11, 2015, I had gastric bypass surgery. I had always been overweight and I have always struggled trying to lose the weight. After surgery I was excited to start becoming healthier. Then in July I was sent to a gynecologist for excessive menstrual bleeding. He ordered an ultrasound and it showed that I had uterine fibroids, one was about the size of a tennis ball. He said that I needed to have a hysterectomy. Needless to say as a woman who has always suffered from extremely bad cycles I was ecstatic! I had that surgery in August and September 10th, I went to my...
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...Gastric Bypass Surgery and Type II Diabetes I chose this topic because of the amount of diabetes in my family. All of my maternal side of the family, except my mother, are diabetic. My father was recently diagnosed. It is of great concern to me as my risk is greater. The article is based on a study recently published in Science Translational Medicine. The study is small, but states that gastric bypass patients have lower insulin needs then patients who lost the same amount of weight without surgery. In the study, 80 percent of the patients were cured of their type II diabetes. The researchers found that branch-chained amino acids circulating in the bloodstream are greatly reduced in post gastric bypass patients. Apparently the branch-chained amino acids have a greater effect on insulin sensitivity than straight chained amino acids. The gastric bypass surgery drops the level of branch-chained amino acids even before weight is lost. After surgery and weight loss the amount circulating is even lower then in patients who just lost the same amount of weight. The scientists can’t explain why the surgery itself makes the change in amino acids. One theory is that there is a change in the hormones in the stomach that affect branch-chained amino acids. Another theory is that perhaps a change in bacteria in the stomach could account for the decrease in amino acids. This is interesting because, if the scientists can figure out why the branch-chained amino acids drop even before...
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...[pic] ANTACIDS PRE LAB DISCUSSION The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to begin the chemical breakdown [digestion] of the food that you eat. Although this acid is quite strong, (about 2 M), the stomach has a thick mucus lining that protects the stomach tissue itself from being digested by the acid. When the stomach is too full or when you have swallowed air, the acid will be forced up out of the stomach into the unprotected esophagus. The acid will react with the unprotected tissue and cause a burning sensation commonly known as "heart burn". There are a number of over-the-counter medications called "antacids". These are not chemical bases. If they were bases and you used them regularly or took them in large doses, they would raise the pH of your blood. This condition, called alkalosis, would result in kidney damage. The brands of antacids sold in the drug store contain insoluble compounds that acids will react with, resulting in the acid being consumed in the reaction. The most common ingredient used is calcium carbonate [CaCO3], also known as limestone. This limestone is ground to a powder, mixed with a starch paste, and formed into a tablet. Often flavoring and coloring is added to make the tablet more attractive. Other tablets contain insoluble hydroxides that will react with hydrochloric acid. There are also newer types of antacids that are taken before eating. These consist of a hormone [chemical messenger] that reduces the...
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...Acid-Base Balance Kelly Heffron Grand Canyon University NUR-614 September 16, 2015 Acid-Base Balance The acid base balance is a homeostatic process that aides the body in maintaining a pH in the arterial blood between 7.35-7.45 (Patient, 2015). The body works together through multi-systems to ensure that acidity or alkalinity never take over within the blood. The purpose of the following paper is define the classification of the acid-base balance, define the factors from the case study, explain the pathophysiology, describe the compensatory mechanisms, pharmacological interventions, and the educational needs of patients with an imbalance. Classification In the following case study, the patient presents with metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is a state within the blood when sodium bicarbonate (HCO3) increases. This condition can arise when the there is an acid loss within the body and HCO3 in the blood increases (Merk Manual, 2015). This process can cause the intracellular shifting of hydrogen ions, thus causing HCO3 retention. In the case study it is identified that the kidneys have a higher content of HCO3 because of the volume depletions. Normally, the kidneys filter out the HCO3 and excrete it into the urine (Merk Manual, 2015). In the case study, compensatory mechanisms have not activated, because the PaO2 is still within normal range of 35-45mm Hg, with a level of 40mm Hg. When excretion does not occur, the acid-base balance shifts from homeostasis...
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...|Loperamide, Imodium; anti- diarrheal |2 mg PO per loose |Inhibits peristalsis and prolongs transit |Relief of diarrhea |Loose stool | | |stool PRN up to 20 |time by a direct effect on nerves, reduces| | | | |mg/day |fecal volume, increases fecal viscosity | | | |calcium carbonate/ |30 cc PO Q 4hrs PRN |neutralizing the acid in the stomach. |Reduction in gastric acid |Upset GI | |magnesium carbonate, Mylanta; | | | | | |mineral/electrolyte supplement | | | | |...
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...Title: Comparing the effectiveness of several Antacids Abstract: When using an Antacid, its a medication taken by the mouth. The purpose of this is to slow down the pain with acid indigestion. Antacids work together to neutralize excess stomach acid, which starts during the digestion process. Here are some common Antacids that was used in the lab: Rolaids, Maalox, and Tums. Some don't know that these antacids have at least one of these ingredients: aluminum, Calcium, magnesium, and sodium ( Directly on the back of the products). The aim of this experiment was to evaluate and test the effectiveness of antacids. Hypothesis: All antacid will not be equally effective because they all have different ingredients. Introduction: Within this experiment, the three different antacids was chosen: Maalox, Rolaids, and Tums. To get started we had to crush one antacid and add it to 100 ml of distilled water in a beaker. We did all three antacids separately, but made sure that all three antacids dissolved properly, meaning you don't see some on the bottom of the beaker. By using a stirring rod, stirring can help dissolve the antacids. We had to transfer the three different antacids into three separate test tubes with a pipet adding 5 mL of antacids solution. When we done this we then had to add 4 drops of bromcresol purple to the test tube. Bromcresol purple is a pH indicator. Then we had to add 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to the three test tubes, we had to mix after every drop. this...
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...Can a Cabbage Distinguish an Acid from a Base? For this activity, Chemistry students have prepared cabbage juice and have set up workstations in the classroom for you to explore acids and bases. You will use your observations to classify some common household items as acids, neutral substances, or bases. Whenever we work with chemicals, it is necessary work carefully and to wear aprons and goggles. How does it work? Red cabbage contains a pigment molecule known as an anthocyanin. This same pigment gives many other items in nature a bright red color. Apples, plums, poppies, grapes, cornflowers, and red maple leaves in the fall all contain anthocyanins. The color you see is dependent upon pH, or relative acidity of its surroundings. pH Scale pH Scale When the pH for a substance is 7, we say it is neutral. If the pH is lower, it is acidic. If it is higher, it is basic. The further the pH is from 7, the more acidic or basic the substance. Our stomach contents are typically at a pH 1 to 2 because of hydrochloric acid that is produced by cells in the lining of the stomach. Acid is important in our stomachs for helping break down the food we eat. What Now? You will test some solutions that are known to be acidic, neutral, or basic. You will use this information to determine the colors you would expect at various levels along the pH scale. Once you’ve established a pattern, you will be testing common household substances to determine if they are acidic...
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...10 - 11 Henry Hwang MONDAY 4-5 Chong KW Q007 " 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 11 - 12 12 - 1 1-2 Lim LC Q006 " 2-3 3-4 Selvi Q301B AACB1243 (L) AAMS1433 (L) AACB1223 (L) AACB1243 (T) AACB1123 (L) Q006 " DCB1 A2 " AACB1223 (T) A3 " " " Lim LC Q301D " TUESDAY Prog. Gp. A1 8-9 Chong KW Q007 9 - 10 Selvi Q007 " 10 - 11 Selvi D204(2) AAMS1433 (T) A2 " Henry Hwang K303 A3 " " " " 11 - 12 12 - 1 1-2 2-3 AACB1143 (L) 3-4 4-5 AHEL2043 (L) 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 AACB1123 (L) AACB1243 (L) AACB1243 (P) Chen SH DK 5 AACB1223 (T) Hor SF / Lim SA K304 / K303 AHEL2043 (L) Hor SF / Lim SA K304 / K303 AHEL2043 (L) Hor SF / Lim SA K304 / K303 Lim LC K203 AACB1243 (T) DCB1 Selvi K103 WEDNESDAY Prog. Gp. A1 8-9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 1 1-2 2-3 3-4 AACB1223 (T) 4-5 AHEL2043 (L) 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 AAMS1433 (T) Henry Hwang K303 AACB1243 (P) A2 Selvi D204(2) AACB1243 (P) A3 Selvi D204(2) Prog. Gp. A1 8-9 9 - 10 Henry Hwang Lim LC K105 AACB1243 (T) Hor SF / Lim SA K302 / K301 AHEL2043 (L) Hor SF / Lim SA K302 / K301 AHEL2043 (L) Hor SF / Lim SA K302 / K301 DCB1 Selvi K106 THURSDAY 10 - 11 Chen SH DK 5 " 11 - 12 12 - 1 1-2 AACB1143 (T) 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 AAMS1433 (L) AACB1143 (L) AACB1123 (P) Wong AK C106 - even week AACB1143 (T) Chen SH Q301D AACB1223 (P) Lim LC D204(2) AACB1123 (P) - even week Chen SH Q301D Q006 DCB1 A2 " ...
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...SC155 - INTRO TO CHEMISTRY: MATTER AND EQUILIBRIUM Indigestion and Titration: An Acid-Base Titration Imagine yourself as the Lead Analytical Chemist at Kaplan Industries. Your first big assignment is to investigate the strength of several commercial antacids for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They have sent five antacids to be tested with a back-titration that works as follows: • • • First, each antacid tablet is mixed with 40 mL of 0.1 M HCl—this acidic solution is the same stuff that is in stomach acid, and one antacid pill is nowhere near enough to neutralize all 40 mL of the acid. So, to see how much extra help each antacid pill needs to neutralize 40 mL of 0.1 M HCL, you add 0.05 M NaOH drop-by-drop to back-titrate the solution until the pH is neutral. What this means is that, the stronger the antacid tablet, the less NaOH it will take to help bring the acid to neutral. (In other words, the stronger antacid tablets counteract more of the original HCl, leaving the solution closer to neutral before the NaOH is added.) Here are your results: Maalox Mass of one dose antacid mL NaOH used in backtitration 20.0 g Tums 21.0 g Mylanta 18.0 g CVS brand 18.3 g Rennies 17.5 g 24.1 mL 22.4 mL 20.0 mL 19.9 mL 24.4 mL 1. Which is the strongest antacid, on a single-dose basis? Which is the weakest? Explain and show your calculations. 2. Which are the strongest and weakest, on a by-weight (mass) basis? 3. When people do back titrations, they usually watch...
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...Medications 1. Protonix (pantoprazole) – antiulcer agent (proton-pump inhibitors) a. Indications – Erosive esophagitis associated with GERD. Decrease relapse rates of daytime and nighttime heartburn symptoms on patients with GERD. Pathologic gastric hypersecretory conditions. b. Action – Binds to an enzyme in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen. Diminished accumulation of acid in the gastric lumen, with lessened acid reflux. Healing of duodenal ulcers and esophagitis. Decreased acid secretion in hypersecretory conditions. Pg. 990 2. SynTHROID (levothyroxine) – hormones (thyroid preparations) a. Indications – Thyroid supplementation in hypothyroidism. Treatment or suppression of euthyroid goiters and thryroid cancer. b. Action – Replacement of or supplementation to endogenous thyroid hormones. Principal effect is increasing metabolic rate of body tissues: Promote gluconeogenesis, increase utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, stimulate protein synthesis, promote cell growth and differentiation, aid in the development of the brain and CNS. Contain T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) activity. Replacement in hypothyroidism to restore normal hormonal balance. Suppression of thyroid cancers. Pg. 1219 3. Dulcosate Sodium (colace) – laxative (stool softener) a. Indications – prevention of constipation (in patients who should avoid straining...
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...Effectiveness of Antacid Tablets by Trisha Dwivdi, 2002 Abstract The purpose of this project was to figure out if antacid tablets are effective in neutralizing the human stomach. Effective was defined to mean that the tablet did not neutralize too much of the solution or too little of the solution compared to other brands. I titrated a solution that had a pH that was similar to the human stomach and tested four brands of popular antacid tablets. The four brands were Pepcid AC®, Zantac 75®, Rolaids®, and Alka Seltzer®. Rolaids® was the only brand that did not neutralize the solution. The other three antacid tablets did work and I decided that antacid tablets are effective in neutralizing the human stomach since they did not neutralize all of the stomach solution or they did not just neutralize a small amount of it. This experiment was all relative to the other tablets, because I had no background information on what defines an antacid tablet to be effective so I had to base it on the results of the other tablets. Rolaids® took an irregular amount of stomach solution compared to the other tablets to neutralize, so I based my results on this observation. Introduction The purpose of doing this project was to figure out if antacid tablets work effectively since there are many tablets out there on the market. I predicted that the antacid tablets will neutralize the stomach solution I made and therefore be effective. I worked in the Breck School Science Lab under...
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