...Morphological Analysis of Gay Language Spoken Among Faculty of Goldenstate College, General Santos City School Year 2015 to 2016 Chapter 1 The Problem and It’s Setting This chapter presents the introduction of the study, statement of the problem, the objectives, and significance of the study, Locale and the operational definition of terms. Introduction Long ago, gays were not accepted in society, more specifically during the times of our forefathers, gays were not treated equally due to their gender. Gays were considered a caused of shamed to Family (Daniels, 2010) and the discrimination was highly rampant to them. However, in Today’s generation which recognizes changes in almost every aspect of man’s life, gays were already accepted in the society. Instead, they receive different treatment letting them realize they are unique and creative. With the acceptance of gays in the society, they established their own language known as gay speak. So time to time, gay language evolve and new words are created and others disappear. They construct their language through simple reversal, syllabic reversal, simple reversal with affixation, clipping with the affixation, straight words with affixation and connotation through images. The words or phrases currently used by gays, particularly in Gay Faculty of Goldenstate College, General Santos City may be short lived. According to Rafael 2010 gay language is the most unstable and malleable of all languages because it is not...
Words: 1176 - Pages: 5
...I INTRODUCTION Centuries ago, Philippine culture openly projected biased against the gays. Biases are often manifested even within the family in which the father, more specifically, would even disown a child who is a gay. And in this patriarchy world we live in, no wonder the gay language immerge as a shield, Gay speak or gay language in the Philippines is a form of verbal sublimation of gay people against the domineering power of patriarchy (Casabal,2008). It made evident then that during the times of our forefather, gays considered a cause of shame to the family (Daniels,2010). The language of gays known as gay speaks or gay language has now earned respect from the community and observably been infused in the mainstream language of the society. Language is evolving and with its changing nature, existing language needs to be documented for posterity reasons. Gay speak is not an exemption. It has to be analyzed especially its morphology (Lunzaga,2011). Gay language has achieved a higher degree of acceptance in the recent years in the Philippines. Both gays and non-gays can be heard uttering the gay expression. But the main role of the gay speak in the Philippines is to function as the “armour” or to shield themselves from the social stigma cause by gender differences (Casabal,2008). However, in today’s generation which recognizes changes in almost every aspect of the man’s life, gays are no longer treated as such. Instead, they received different treatment letting them...
Words: 497 - Pages: 2
...International Journal of Lesbian, Gays, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Morphological Analysis of Gay’s Spoken Discourse ARIEL B. LUNZAGA abl.slsu.to@gmail.com HERMABETH O. BENDULO VIOLETA B. FELISILDA SOUTHERN LEYTE STATE UNIVERSITY Philippines Abstract The language of gays known as gayspeak has now earned respect from the community and observably been infused in the mainstream language of the society. Language is evolving and with its changing nature, existing language needs to be documented for posterity reasons. Gayspeak is not an exemption. It has to be analyzed especially its morphology. This study focused on the morphological analysis of the language of gays who were studying at SLSUTomas Oppus in SY 2009-2010. Specifically, it identified the common vocabulary of local gays and the corresponding meanings through a self-administered questionnaire and an informal conversation. Based from the information provided by 20 purposively selected college gays, it was learned that gayspeak is simply an adaptation of the mainstream language like English, Filipino, and Cebuano. For purposes of shielding from the chasms of the heterosexuals, gays construct their language through simple reversal, syllabic reversal, simple reversal with affixation, clipping with affixation, straight words with affixation, and connotation through images. It was concluded that the spoken discourse of college gays in the campus violates the rules of English grammar yet used by gays for purposes of expressing...
Words: 3958 - Pages: 16
...Linguistics Assessment of a Young Child’s Language Melissa Ozuna California State University, Los Angeles Questions: 1, 5, 7, 8, 12 The Linguistic Assessment of a Young Child’s Language Introduction “The child begins to perceive the world not only through his eyes but also through his speech.” Like Lev Vygotsky, Holmes speaks about one of the everyday behavior we use and that’s language. Communication is done by engaging our brains and bodies to make sounds and transfer one person’s thoughts to another. No matter how many languages there are, language can still be broken down into the same building blocks of communication. Specifically, linguistics is analyzed with one of the smallest building blocks like phonology, to lexicon, to syntax, to morphology, and communicative competence. Just how small these building blocks of linguistics come together at its own pace, is exactly how small it is to learn language. Language learning can be done at its own pace, but with the help of assessments there are common turning points, procedures, and phases one can follow to truly understand an individual’s language development over time. Method Participants Rita is a 3 year and two month old female. She is the second child of the family living under the roof with both parents. Father works at a Police station and mother’s occupation is at a office profession. From her beginning till her present days she has spoken 100% English. Procedure The interview was conducted in the living room/ kitchen...
Words: 1217 - Pages: 5
...Morphological typology refers to the nomenclature of the method used to classify languages depending on the way in which their morphemes are joined together. In one side of the spectrum we can find analytic languages, which only use isolated morphemes. Then we would have agglutinative languages and fusional languages which use bound morphemes, melting them together in order to convey several meanings. Located on the other side of the spectrum are the so called polysynthetic languages, which compress lots of separate morphemes into single words. Nevertheless, before getting into depth in the morphological typology of languages, and also the patterns of word formation, it must be explained the core concept covered within this paper: the concept of word. Although it may seem simplistic, the study and analysis of this concept entails certain difficulty and may vary from one culture/language to another. Most scholars make a distinction between phonological and grammatical word as principal distinctions. A phonological word can be defined as a prosodic unit not smaller than a syllable (Aikhenvald). It is a string of sounds that behaves as a unit for certain kinds of phonological processes, especially stress and accent. Normally, it is not needed to make a distinction between these two types of words in utterances like linguistics or science. However, there are cases in which this differentiation arises as necessary. For example, in English every phonological word has a main...
Words: 1638 - Pages: 7
...Why Do We Gesture When We Speak? Robert M. Krauss Columbia University This is a pre-editing version of a paper published as: Krauss, R.M. (1998). Why do we gesture when we speak? Current Directions in Psychological Science 7, 5459. CD.3 July 30, 2001 Why Do We Gesture When We Speak? Robert M. Krauss1 Columbia University Students of human nature traditionally have considered conversational gestures—unplanned, articulate hand movements that accompany spontaneous speech— to be a medium for conveying semantic information, the visual counterpart of words.2 Over a century ago, Sir Francis Bacon put the relationship of gesture and language in the form of a simple analogy: "As the tongue speaketh to the ear, so the gesture speaketh to the eye" (Bacon, 1891). Although the extent to which gestures serve a communicative function is presently a matter of some controversy,3 there is accumulating evidence that communication is not the only function such gestures serve. Over the past several years my colleagues and I have explored the hypothesis, casually suggested by a remarkably diverse group of writers over the past 60 years, that gestures help speakers formulate coherent speech by aiding in the retrieval of elusive words from lexical memory. How might gesturing affect lexical retrieval? Human memory employs several different formats to represent knowledge, and much of the content of 1Address correspondence to Robert M. Krauss, Department of Psychology, Columbia University...
Words: 4076 - Pages: 17
...Have you experienced being near two gays who were talking in quite a different language altogether? And were you not surprised that you could understand some of the words they were saying? Yes. It is gayspeak, that wonderful lingo, argot, or jargon, which Filipino gays in general seamlessly switch into when they are gathered together or most immediately when they are around other people in order perhaps to “cloak” their intimate conversations, the better to protect the “virgin” ears of those around them. Historically though, it is known as swardspeak, a word coinage in the 1970s attributed by Jose Javier Reyes to columnist and movie critic Nestor Torre. Reyes himself devoted a book on the subject titled Swardspeak: A Preliminary Study. No other term has replaced swardspeak in local usage since the 70s but Ronald Baytan (in his essay “Language, Sex, and Insults: Notes on Garcia and Remoto’s The Gay Dict”) opines that the term sward these days has become anachronistic, making it improper to call the language of the gay people as “swardspeak” preferring instead to term it gayspeak. Consciously or unconsciously, even straights or heterosexuals have peppered their vocabulary with words traceable to gayspeak. Mention the word anech (from “ano” or “what” in English with anesh, anik, anikla as varieties) to anyone in the metropolitan area and in all likelihood, the person being spoken to will reply as casually. There are also the familiar words chika, chuva, and lafang. Thanks or no...
Words: 319 - Pages: 2
..."In the Philippines, the term gay has been used loosely to include homosexuals, bisexuals, transsexuals, crossdressers, and effeminate men. Filipino gays are mostly stereotyped as effeminate, crossdressers, hairdressers, camp and ridiculed. Bakla or Bading, a derogatory Filipino word for gay, is commonly used. Tibo or tomboy has a similar function, and refers to lesbians, usually of the butch and masculine type. A more benign slang word for gay men is billy boy. For Filipino gays, the Tagalog phrase "paglaladlad ng kapa" (literally means "unfurling of the cape") refers to the coming-out process. Although gays and lesbians are generally tolerated within Philippine society, there are still widespread cases of discrimination. Swardspeak is a vernacular language derived from Englog (English-Tagalog) and is used by a number of gay Filipinos. It uses elements from Tagalog, English, and Spanish, and some are from Nippongo, as well as celebrities' names and signature brands, giving them new meanings in the context of this unique language. A unique trait of swardspeak is that it immediately identifies the speaker as homosexual, making it easy for people of that orientation to signal to each other in a place where such tendencies are not easy to display (ie in the Philippines). This creates an exclusive world among its speakers and helps them to resist cultural assimilation. By using swardspeak, Filipino gay men are able to resist the dominant culture of their area and create...
Words: 315 - Pages: 2
...should however, respect one another regardless of one's sexual orientation and differences just like how we have come to be accepting of people who are of a different race. Hence, homosexuals should not be treated any differently from heterosexuals either. For years, homosexuals have been fighting for equal rights. Discriminations against homosexuals are often openly expressed and unfair treatments between homosexuals and heterosexuals are observed in many countries. In a gay community, it also consists of lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgendered (LGBT). LGBT people often have to face social ostracism as most people have strong religious beliefs that disapprove of homosexuality and they usually have little or no social contact with them. Discrimination and prejudice against homosexuals are seen in places even schools. Most of the time, people, especially the younger generations, use words related to homosexuality as an insult. This way, it creates an inaccurate idea that it is wrong and undesirable to be gay. Boys are often stereotyped to be sporty and less expressive and thus, any boy who is more emotional or friendly with other boys will be subjected to name callings such as 'girl' or 'sissy'. Girls who are more sporty or boyish could be called 'dykes' or 'lesbians' too. Unfortunately, these sorts of discriminating behaviors often go...
Words: 805 - Pages: 4
...Andrea Marshall Kim Palmore English 1B 30 May 2012 Conformity: A Concealed Identity Society is made up of predominately heterosexual people. Our instincts tell us in order to repopulate the world; a man and a woman must reproduce offspring. This is considered to be a social norm; mankind’s very survival depends on it. More recently, society has given people the ability to express themselves in ways they never thought possible. The American Gay Rights Movement in 1924 sparked animosity throughout the nation creating discrimination toward the gay community. This movement brought about significant change; unfortunately, not all people were willing to accept it. People’s resistance to change is usually based on ignorance or the desire to conform in an attempt to avoid becoming an outcast. In the novel, Stone Butch Blues, written by Leslie Feinberg, Jess Goldberg becomes an outcast because of her resistance to conformity. Since Jess was brought up in a straight environment, she grew up confused, without the understanding of her true nature. Her parents rejected her differences due to the fact that they were so focused on society’s view of the social norm. Having no one to confide in, Jess was forced to set out on her own to find people she could connect with and help her to explore identity. This book demonstrates both society’s demand for conformity and the pressures that queer people face in an unjust world; Jess’ success in battling this social pressure inspires people to...
Words: 1367 - Pages: 6
...the chance to join you tonight. I also took a trip out to California last week, where I held some productive bilateral talks with your leader, Lady Gaga. (Laughter.) She was wearing 16-inch heels. (Laughter.) She was eight feet tall. (Laughter.) It was a little intimidating. Now, I don’t want to give a long speech. Cyndi Lauper is in the house. I can’t compete with that. (Applause.) But I wanted to come here tonight, first of all, to personally thank Joe for his outstanding years of leadership at HRC. (Applause.) What he has accomplished at the helm of this organization has been remarkable, and I want to thank all of you for the support that you’ve shown this organization and for your commitment to a simple idea: Every single American -- gay, straight, lesbian, bisexual, transgender -- every single American deserves to be treated equally in the eyes of the law and in the eyes of our society. It’s a pretty simple proposition. (Applause.) Now, I don’t have to tell you that we have a ways to go in that struggle. I don’t have to tell you how many are still denied their basic rights -- Americans who are still made to feel like second-class citizens, who have to live a lie to keep their jobs, or who are afraid to walk the street, or down the hall at school. Many of you have devoted your lives to the cause of equality. So you know what we have to do; we’ve got more work ahead of us. But we can also be proud of the progress we’ve made these past two and a half years. Think about it...
Words: 2334 - Pages: 10
...INTRODUCTION LGBT rights have been a hot topic in India during the last few months due to the Supreme Court of India‘s decision of recriminalizing gay sex. The issue of gay rights is very cloudy in our great nation. Most of this is due to the problems with the issue, the reasons for controversy, and the pros and cons of the issue. First of all, both sides have too many problems with gay rights for there to be a common ground on the issue. The biggest problem we find with the whole thing is the problem is not just fought by words, but also by physical means. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people frequently face violence motivated by their sexuality or gender identity. Violence may be executed by the state, as in laws prescribing corporal punishment for homosexual acts or by individuals engaging in intimidation, mobbing, assault, or lynching. Violence targeted at people because of their perceived sexuality can be psychological or physical and can extend to murder. These actions may be motivated by homophobia, lesbophobia, biphobia, transphobia, and may be influenced by cultural, religious, or political biases. Currently, homosexual acts are legal in almost all Western countries, and in many of these countries violence against LGBT people is classified as a hate crime, which such violence being often connected with conservative or religious leaning ideologies which condemn homosexuality, or being perpetrated by individuals who associate homosexuality to being weak...
Words: 7659 - Pages: 31
...Queer has become an umbrella term “that is a fluid label that acknowledges queers as different without specifying how or in what context”(PFLAG). The term queer has changed through time, similar to the change that has occurred in television as new characters are developed creating a diverse cast. Queers have been newly broadcasted in media. When queers were first portrayed in media, gay men were popular sidekicks in multiple sitcoms. For example , Will and Grace, used both gay men as best friends ,who offered comedic relief in awkward situations. There has been a shift in the portrayal of the LGBTQ community after Ellen DeGeneres revealed her own sexuality through her character Ellen Morgan in her sitcom Ellen. After Ellen’s coming out episodes emerged, the LGBTQ community was no longer in the background and now “gays are witty sidekicks, girls next door, doctors and lawyers, city officials, and teenage experimenters, garnering Emmys, accolades, and great ratings as they invade the family home through the ubiquitous tube”(Skerski 365). Ellen helped transition the role of queers from witty supporters, to significant serious characters. She made “sexual orientation [be the only] important aspect of her life, not the sole purpose of it”(Gibson, Alexander, Meem 310). Media has come a long way in the 20th century but many still don’t agree with the way queers are portrayed through media. Although shows have changed, people are still not satisfied in the way queers are viewed...
Words: 617 - Pages: 3
...1. Introduction Philadelphia—the first Hollywood film to acknowledge HIV and homosexuality stars Tome Hanks in 1993. This film shows discrimination in hiring and firing, which are disability and sexual orientation. Discrimination exists in all places, at all times, not just in Canada. Even so, people still feel confused about the bounds of hiring and firing. The definition of this phenomenon is the different treatment of two equally qualified individuals on account of their age, gender and so on. In order to protect the rights of employees, governments establish laws and regulations to restrain employers’ behaviors. At the same time, moral standards can be a looser and more elastic limitation and judgments on people’s actions. To simplify, laws are clear rules written on paper, but moral standards are not clear and depend on different people. So, what is the boundary of employment? My answer is that law is the basic standard, and moral is the justice, and whether there are discriminations or not should be measured both sides—the employees’ and employers’. 2. Kinds of Discriminations Age discrimination One of the global issues is the rapidly aging population. There will be 77.3 million people with a life expectancy of 83 years, which is an estimate by the U.S. Disease Control Center 2010, for the first wave of baby-boomer generation from 1946 to 1964. At the same time, people are working longer than before, because people are living a healthier and better...
Words: 1267 - Pages: 6
...During the many years that Gay and Lesbian freedoms were being compromised many losses were had. Many men and women, despite biological birth were threatened, tortured, or murdered. It’s interesting to look back on these moments while trying to move forward to understand how much better things have become because of those who lost their lives for the pursuit of happiness. In this essay I will talk about the traumatic events that transpired and how they slowly led to Hate Crime Legislation. During Bill Clinton’s presidency, many painfully gruesome acts of gay bashing occurred. And due to the media’s interest in Clinton’s efforts to end the ban on gays and lesbians in the U.S. military, news of the bashings were heavily publicized. In December 31, 1993, a twenty-one year old trans man was killed. Brandon was killed when his rapists John Lotter and Tom Nissen attempted to make sure Brandon did not testify against them for the raping him when they found out that Brandon was born biologically female. In 1998 Matthew shepherd was brutally pistol-whipped, tortured and tied to a fence to die. When he was found he had experienced severe brainstem damage. This damage affected his ability to regulate body temperature, heart rate, and other vital functions. Due to his many lacerations and fractures his injuries were deemed too severe for doctors to operate. He never regained consciousness and remained on life support until he eventually died. Due to this Clinton’s attempt to the addition...
Words: 635 - Pages: 3
