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Gender and Development

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Submitted By mame
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The Gender and Development approach is a method of determining how best to organize development projects and programs based on analysis of gender relationships. This approach was developed in the 1980s as an alternative to the Women in Development approach that was commonly in use (http://en.wikipedia.org).
This approach acknowledges that to address women’s concerns and needs, development assistance must take account of both women’s and men’s roles and responsibilities within the community and their relationship to each other. It requires the active participation of men as well as women in order to raise the status of women and bring about sustainable development (Development bulletin, January 1996).
Gender is defined according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 1997) as the relations between men and women, both perceptual and material. Gender is not determined biologically, as a result of sexual characteristics of either women or men, but is constructed socially. These are learned, Change overtime, and vary within and between countries and cultures according to social, religious, historical and economic factors. Although gender is often misunderstood as being the promotion of women only, looking at the definition of gender by the (FAO) it is seen that gender issues focus on women and on the relationship between men and women, their roles, access to and control over resources, division of labor, interests and needs.
Development on the other hand is an elusive concept. The concept is difficult to be differentiated from economic growth which is why a basic perspective equates development with economic growth. According to the United Nations Development Programme, Development is to lead long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community.

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