Premium Essay

Gender Differences on Verbal and Non Verbal Tasks

In:

Submitted By croberto
Words 1884
Pages 8
Gender Differences in Verbal and Non-Verbal Tasks and Memory Recall

Abstract
Females are better at recall tasks than males. To test the level of recall a study was administered to test recall abilities in verbal and non verbal tasks and also immediate and delayed recall among males and females. It is often believed that males have a more superior recall memory than females due to the fact that more men are hired over women in jobs. And also men make more money than women. While females may earn less than men, through this study, females proved to be just as capable as males, in fact, more so, in the ability to recall memory.
Introduction and Literature Review
Comparing males and females is a natural occurrence: it occurs in the work force as well as in everyday happenings. Men are often hired over women, and men make more money than women. Psychologists Agneta Herlitz and Jenny Rehnman in Stockholm, Sweden asked a complicated question of human predisposition: Does one’s sex influence his or her ability to remember every day events? Their surprising findings did in fact determine significant sex differences in episodic memory, a type of long-term memory based on personal experiences, favouring women.

Specific results indicated that women excelled in verbal episodic memory tasks, such as remembering words, objects, pictures or everyday events, and men outperformed women in remembering symbolic, non-linguistic information, known as visuospatial processing. For example, the results indicate a man would be more likely to remember his way out of the woods.
This study seeks to determine if there is a difference in verbal and non-verbal tasks and also immediate memory recall and delayed memory recall among males and females.
In an experiment conducted by Washburn (2005), women were found to be more adaptive than males: “All participants showed overconfidence, but

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Evan's Papers

...Communication Barriers between Genders and Cultures Even though it can become an obstacle based on what the opposite gender sees as being socially acceptable. Verbal and Nonverbal communication can mean different things in different countries. Because a word or gesture in one country may be socially acceptable but in another it may not be acceptable. And verbal and non verbal communication between genders can become an obstacle. How do people communicate? People communicate in different ways. It can be done both verbally and non-verbally. In talking about the way that we communicate through verbal communication in groups there are three main functions of verbal communication- task ordering, process orientation and narrative (Harris & Sherblom, 2008, p. 107). The first communication method that I will be talking about is task ordering; It involves cognitive meaning that focuses on either/or choices and creates an understanding about the group’s purposes and processes. Specifically, language draws attention to particular items and provides the backbone of the group interaction. What if we are asked to serve on a task force, one of the first questions we might ask is, “What are we trying to accomplish?” We are also interested in the time constraints, the resources available, and other pertinent data. Another example of task ordering is if the group has an agenda, keep notes, or takes minutes. This is communication by putting the tasks in order of what is the most...

Words: 1551 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Communication

...COMMUNICATION DIFFERENCES AND STATEGIES ESSAY Jennifer Ann Samuel SOC/333 MAY 28, 2012 DR. MARIANE CARROLL COMMUNICATION DIFFERENCES AND STATEGIES ESSAY Communication is two ways interaction process that has receiver and sender. Communication takes place in an environment which can have different types of disturbances. There are various factors that influence a communication process. These can be individual factors or environmental factors. Individual factors include factors related to senders and receivers. This paper is an effort to discuss one of such individual factors “Gender” in interpersonal communication process. Effective Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication among man woman involves various issues related to them. There are very limited studies conducte3d in order to understand difference of gender in interpersonal communication. However, with once own experience one can realize differences in the interpersonal communication. Interpersonal style and individual effectiveness can impacts information processing tendencies in them. The interpersonal style and individual effectiveness influences the overall performance of the organization. There are various Principles of Effective Communication. The Principles of Effective Communication are: * Inescapable People are always involved in some form of communication whether they want or not. When a person does not speak, the non verbal clues speak for him. Hence it is inescapable for...

Words: 1764 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Common Differences and Strategies

...Common Differences and Strategies Angeline Birong SOC/333 August 11, 2014 Erica Lloyd Common Differences and Strategies Communication is a part of daily life. Men and women have different ways of communicating which can lead to stressful interactions. This paper will examine verbal and non-verbal communications differences between the genders, types of miscommunications, and discusses the right-of-way concerning gender and status, and provide examples of dialogue among the genders. The author will also include personal experiences concerning miscommunication among the genders, and highlight ineffective communication methods observed, as well as offer effective strategies for solving the situation. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Men and women employ differing verbal and nonverbal communication styles. These different styles can lead to certain perceptions of stereotypes between the genders. Feminine Style Women use a style that is more engaging and will “promote emotions and understanding in a personal way” (Rawluszko, 2009). A feminine style of communication is polite, involved, and supportive. Women will communicate just for the sake of communicating. The subject matter is less important than the fact communication is taking place. This builds, maintains, and proves the relationship is important (Ivy & Backlund, 2008). Women frequently infuse emotion and their own beliefs in conversations as well. Women’s voice tend to use a higher pitch than men’s. Research...

Words: 1923 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Intelligence

...Rather it is defined based on the behaviour that indicates various levels of intelligence. It is quite easy to say what make a person intelligent rather than what is intelligence. The concept of intelligence refers to a systematic individual difference in the performance of tasks that involves the manipulation, retrieval, evaluation, or processing of information. Ability Testing – Individual Test Widgor and Garner 1982 States the measurement of ability represent one of the most widespread applications of psychology in everyday life. Ability test range from those that looks at the general mental ability we refer to as intelligence to those that tap specific abilities such as spatial visualization. Measures of general intelligence have the broadest application in that they are used in educational, clinical, and work setting as aid in making a wide variety of decisions. The role of the examiner Psychological testing involves standardization, however in an individual intelligence test standardization is difficult to achieve. • The psychologist presence is seen as a stimuli that will affect ones behaviour • Characteristic of the examiner such as age sex, race physical attractiveness, social and non verbal skills affects a subject’s response. • The behaviour may change based on a response by the examinee. • The examinee responds to a person rather than to a question ( shy) • Individual testing should only be undertaken by a trained...

Words: 2809 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Pillow Talk

...don’t even know who he or she is? Communicating with your partner goes deeper than just talking about your day, although it is a start. In order to keep your relationship healthy and strong you both have to take the time to see who each other truly are, and what you both truly want or need. Before reading the article Can We Talk, I knew that communication was important, and I knew what communication was. What I did not realize was that maybe all this time my partner and I have not been communicating effectively like we thought. When I sit back and think about what the article had to say, I realize that most of mine and my partners communication is of daily mundane stuff such as dealing with the children, dinner, and other tasks. When my partner and I got together, we both agreed that trust and communication is the most important to us for our relationship, other than our children. Communication and trust go hand in hand because it is all about being...

Words: 1021 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Consulting

...Cell Phone Negotiations In the world, cell phones have turned out to be the jump for the device. It is a demand and by way of that, it has converted into a money business. It can carry on making money as a spreading skill on the cell phones. Value is significant but has the accepting how to labor with dealers with not the same cultural backgrounds, gender, and personalities are equally important. In this paper, it will explain how this all comes together for a negotiation between the Chinese (female) and Americans (male). The American team seeks a cell phone price of $6 per unit and symbolizes the following Hofstede’s cultural dimensions: individualistic, low-power distance, low-term orientation and low-context. The American team wants an inexpensive price. The other team is an all-female negotiating team from China that offers cell phones with a $9 per unit price tag. The Chinese team wants a merchant for their cell phones which permits them to make proceeds. The Chinese side symbolizes the following Hofstede’s cultural dimensions collectivistic, high-power distance, long-term orientation and high context. Gender difference, personalities and culture has an influence on the negotiation. Also, it will give details on how each side’s perceptions, cognitions, and emotions also played a part in the negotiation. Chinese and American Hofstede Dimensions Both teams have individualistic versus collectivistic. The high end of this is individualistic which is defined as the...

Words: 1348 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Love Language

...concepts including stereotyping, barriers, non-verbal communications, mutual attraction, and self-disclosure. The Love Language video ultimately reveals the reason the female initially seem uninterested and why she was giving the male in the video a hard time; the female is deaf. Social Learning Theory The social learning theory argues that children abandon behaviors when they are punished and repeat behaviors that are rewarded. This process of reinforcement continues throughout life, where men are continually encouraged to engage in masculine behavior and women are encouraged to behave in a feminine manner (Wood, 2007). As children become adults, they transfer these beliefs onto future generations (Basu, 2004). According to this theory, girls and boys assume a passive role rather than an active role in the learning process. We see the social learning theory displayed as the male in the video initiates the interaction between himself and the female sitting next to him. He first tries to initiate a conversation by saying “nice day today, huh”, but he gets no response. He then asks to borrow her pen and then the female lets him borrow her pen. After the initial interaction the male continues to try to initiate a conversation through writing messages on post-it notes, which is reciprocated by the female. This can be seen as a masculine act as described in the social learning theory. Gender Identity Developmental Theory Gilligan’s Gender Identity developmental theory attempts...

Words: 4159 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

Effective Communication Paper Hcs 325

...Written by: Erica Duncan HCS 325   February 1, 2016 Effective Communication Paper Written by: Erica Duncan HCS 325   February 1, 2016 Effective Communication Paper Effective Communication Paper In this paper I will discuss effective communication in the workplace setting. Effective communication is the measure used when delivering information to a distinctive person or group by way of non-verbal and verbal communication. In today’s health care organizations they are trying out a mixture of forms of communication structures. These structures will help in the journey to improve patient care, increase productivity, and cutthroat advantages (Lombardi & Shermerhorn, 2007, p.53). Several organizations use traditional communication patterns such as divisional, functional, and matrix structures. However, some still use nontraditional patterns such as networking, teamwork, and “boundaryless” organizations (Lombardi & Shermerhorn, 2007, p.53). Countless of new managers must first follow traditional policies and routines already established by former managers or upper management before creating their own. The formal organizational structure is known as the official structure. This structure shows the way the organization is designed to function. There are organizational charts designed to help describe how an organization should work. In the chart it shows the division of work, which is the different positions or titles and what they are responsible for. The chart also shows...

Words: 1440 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Communication

...Verbal Communication From Chapter 5 of Human Communication in Society, Third Edition. Jess K. Alberts, Thomas K. Nakayama, Judith N. Martin. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 87 Verbal Communication chapter outline The ImporTance of Verbal communIcaTIon Language and Perception Language and Power Power and Words Power and Accent Power and Identity Labels WhaT Is Verbal communIcaTIon? Functions of Language Components of Language Influences on Verbal communIcaTIon Gender Age Regionality Ethnicity and Race Education and Occupation eThIcs and Verbal communIcaTIon Hate Speech Confirming and Disconfirming Communication ImproVIng your Verbal communIcaTIon skIlls “I” Statements Become Aware of the Power of Language The IndIVIdual, Verbal communIcaTIon, and socIeTy 88 “ The verbal elements of communication are the foundation on which meaning is created. When I took a trip to Britain, I thought people would speak with a “British accent.” I didn’t realize that there are many different accents and the differences are not just pronunciation, but also vocabulary. In order to get my message across, I learned to avoid using slang words as much as I could. I didn’t realize how much American slang I use in my everyday speech! Despite the many different ways of speaking English across the UK, I felt the way that I speak English made me stick out as an American. W hen we think of “communication...

Words: 17777 - Pages: 72

Premium Essay

Oral Communition

...dumb and visually challenged people learn some way to communicate with the others. In other words, communication is merely an expression of oneself and the exchange of ideas between people. In a day about 70 percent of our time is spent in communicating with the others. It is a well known fact that good communication is the back bone of any organization. Communication can be of different types such as verbal communication, non verbal communication and written communication. In case of verbal communication, it is merely by using speech and language that the communication takes place. In case of non verbal communication, there is no exchange of words, but it may be gestures or signs or facial expressions that are used for communication. In case of written communication, a letter is used to express oneself. This could again either be a hand written letter or a typed letter. A person may have brilliant ideas in his mind, but unless they are communicated to others, it is not possible to implement that idea and it is also difficult to finish all the tasks on one’s own. Good communication skills are an added advantage and people with good communication skills are an asset to any organization as these people can work their way around the others because of their communication skills. Communication is the production and exchange of information and meaning by use of signs and symbols. It involves encoding and sending messages, receiving and decoding them, and...

Words: 5829 - Pages: 24

Premium Essay

Non Verbal

...The importance of non-verbal communication 1. Introduction It is quite usual to forget about many aspects of non-verbal communication when hearing this notion. In fact, what comes to mind immediately are body gestures or facial expressions. However, there are many more aspects. For this reason, chapter two begins with a definition of non-verbal communication and chapter three illustrates these definitions with examples. They also show the importance of non-verbal communication in daily life. In the following paper, the task of the interpreter is analysed in two steps: first, the transfer of a message from the speaker to the interpreter and secondly, the transfer of this message from the interpreter to the audience. The first step is discussed in chapter four, which deals with certain neuroscientific aspects of the process of interpreting non-verbal communication. It is also about the importance of face-to-face situations and shared culture with respect to interpreting non-verbal communication. Furthermore it is mentioned, which role emotional intelligence plays in the understanding process for non-verbal communication. Finally, chapter five talks, with reference to the examples in chapter three, about the difficulties of non-verbal communication for the interpreter. Chapter five describes what possibilities the interpreter is given to reproduce non-verbal communication. Sign-language, one form of non-verbal communication, is not discussed in this essay. In fact, this...

Words: 4027 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

Training

...dealings with others ✓ Know the differences between verbal and non verbal communications ✓ Understand and practice effective speaking to encourage co-employees to give of their best and to help manage upwards ✓ Appreciate when written communication is most appropriate ✓ Demonstrate enhanced listening skills ✓ Understand everyone’s point of view ✓ Will have higher self-esteem Content |Activities |Time | |Assembly time |7:00AM – 8:00AM | |Seminar proper |8:00AM – 8:30AM | |Opening prayer | | |Singing of our National Anthem | | |Opening Remarks | | |Introduction of the speaker |8:30AM – 9:00AM | |PART I: Introduction to Communication |9:00AM – 10:30AM | |PART II: Verbal Communication: ...

Words: 4074 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

Mr Research

...Review of Related Literature (Appendix C) Gender Differences Gender differences have become on the hotlist of critical issues around the world. Hausmann, Tyson, & Zahidi (2009) reported that there is no country in the world that has yet reached equality between women and men in different critical areas such economic participation or education. It is well accepted that there are no differences in the general intelligence or basic cognition between males and females, the issue is whether each category is innately better at certain, very specific, skills.  The cognitive differences that have been put forward include men being slightly better than women at tasks that involve the mental spatial rotation of an object, spatial perception and visualization, and math problem solving.  Women seem to score slightly better on tasks that involve visual memory, word and landmark recall and math calculations (Kimura, Doreen, 2002, Pinker, Spelke, 2005, Newcomb, Nora et. al., 2005).  “It is important to remember, when we sees assertions such as these, that these are general trends and that not every individual is held to them.  Although both men and women as populations tend to do better at certain tasks, the margin of difference is quite small”(K. Smythe, 2008)   Male “In mathematics, boys and girls have similar results at the fourth and eighth school years in most countries. Boys' advantage emerges in the later school years and is especially noticeable among students who attend the...

Words: 1727 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

The Relationship Between Study Skills and Academic Performance of University Students

...administered to 107 students to measure receptivity to several skills and strategies that purportedly enhance a student’s ability to learn and successfully perform in an academic setting. The results of this study showed that the LASSI scales dealing with attitude, concentration, information processing skill, motivation, self-testing and review techniques, use of study support techniques, time management, and effective test-taking strategies all correlated positively (with statistical significance) to student GPA. There were also statistically significant differences between males and females in their mean scores for several of the above mentioned LASSI scales. Every LASSI subscale, where females significantly outscored males, positively correlated with superior academic performance (i.e., GPA). However, after controlling for variance explained by the LASSI scores, there were no statistically significant correlations between gender and academic performance. The primary conclusion from this study is that contrary to prior research that suggests that females predominantly outperform males in...

Words: 1791 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Interllectual Property

...Gender related sources of miscommunication, effects and possible solutions. Author’s name Institution Abstract Communication involves spread of ideas and information between people. Communication helps in expressing feelings, emotions, opinions, and ethics and also represents class. It is therefore vital in all aspects of life ranging from that between parents and children, management and employees, employee and employee or even husband and wife. The characteristics of those involved in the process of communication can therefore affect communication. The differences in the diversity and characteristics of employees can also lead to conflicts in communication or miscommunication. The gender differences in conveying messages are as a result of biological, psychological, religious and cultural differences among men and women (Tannen, 1993). Keywords: communication, gender differences Conflicts at the office might be due to the long hours the employees or workers spend together, the differences in the positions of the administration and the problems that arise from change of place of work. Since gender is a culture, it has norms and standards which lead to misunderstandings between people of different sex. The differences can be in the nature of attitudes towards work and their relationships. Women like building interactions so as to achieve different responsibilities. They find it comfortable to be assisted as long as it would lead to realization...

Words: 1041 - Pages: 5