...Psychiatric Disorders, Diseases, and Drugs Psychiatric Disorders, Diseases, and Drugs Psychiatric disorders and diseases are those conditions defined by the presentation of abnormal behavior. Abnormal behavior is often defined by the mental health profession as behavior which is unusual or atypical. In addition, the individual suffering from a psychiatric disease or disorder may have difficulty with perception of reality or the hindered ability to interpret reality which may cause significant personal distress, self defeating behavior or otherwise dangerous behavior to oneself or others. Often times these behaviors are also socially unacceptable to ones specific culture (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). Schizophrenia is one of the most complex psychiatric diseases of all time. The disease name means “the splitting of psychic functions” (Pinel, 2007, p.481). The individual diagnosed with schizophrenia will commonly present symptoms which include bizarre delusions, inappropriate affect, hallucinations, incoherent thoughts and odd behavior with these symptoms varying in severity (Pinel, 2007). Various theories on schizophrenia have come to fruition over time. It is the belief of some researchers that schizophrenia has a genetic predisposition and that combined with experiences involving immense trauma or stress the disease can be triggered for development. In addition, those individuals with a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia who suffer hindered neurodevelopment at...
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...Individual Anxiety, Mood/Affective, Dissociative/Somatoform Stella Cook Psychology 410 Analu Sing, M.S.C.P University of Phoenix, College of Social Science The Anxiety Disorder and Affective Disorders; Dissociative Disorders; Somatoform Disorders they will offer diagnosed categories and classifications for the use of diagnose and the treatments of mental disorders. General Anxiety disorder primarily is the well known as the feeling of apprehension about the future and are more manageable than other anxiety disorders. Excessive disorders are categorized as and or described as acute stress disorder,(GAD) general anxiety disorder, (OCD)obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorders with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia, anxiety disorders due to medical condition, (PTS) post traumatic stress disorder, social phobia disorder, specific phobia disorder and substance-induced disorder. The fears of anxiety are normal until such time as they are felt to have harm on one’s self their mental and physical well being then one should seek the advice of a professional. Most people that have GAD will have the sense of being tense or agitated some of the time and can be controlled with meditation or exercise or a relaxation technique. Pervasive worrying in this group of individuals can lead to being irritable...
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...Anxiety Disorder Dawn Murray Bryant & Stratton College PSYC101 Ms. Sara Bevilacqua 10/1/2014 Abstract Anxiety is a state of intense worrying. This disorder affects 6.8 million people in the United States each year. People who suffer from this disorder may face psychological and physical symptoms. Fortunately, there are many different treatment options available. Anxiety can happen for a specific reason or for no reason at all. There are many psychological and social situations that many cause a person to have anxiety. This paper will discuss the causes, symptoms, treatments and implications of anxiety disorders. Anxiety Disorder Anxiety is a state of intense worrying usually accompanied with physical and psychological symptoms. Anxiety can happen after a distressing situation or for no reason at all. 6.8 million people in the U.S. population are affected by anxiety in any given year. Women are twice as likely to be effected (General Anxiety Disorder, 2010). This paper reviews what anxiety is, it’s causes, the associated symptoms, current treatments, and workplace implications. We all experience anxiety but what causes it? The two main causes are psychological and social situations. Strong evidence supports the theory that genetic components are involved (Ghinassi, 2010). Anxiety is known to run in families. Studies show that certain anxiety disorders are inherited; a growing body of evidence suggests that there is genetic vulnerability to developing...
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...Abnormal Psychology and Therapy PSY/300 August 30, 2010 Bonnie Johnson Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Abnormal Psychology is psychology that’s main purpose is to use research in an effort to classify, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders and illnesses. Everyone experiences some kind of worry, fear, and even anxiety. When an individual cannot control their emotions and daily life becomes affected they may suffer from a disorder or illness that is very complex. Abnormal vs. Normal When comparing normal and abnormal psychology there are key differences. Normal psychology deals with the feelings that should be felt. Abnormal psychology deals with the feelings we experience that we shouldn’t . We should not live everyday in constant fear for no reason. When our feelings start controlling our life on a daily bases this is abnormal. Compare and Contrast There are two main divisions in psychology: normal and abnormal. Both of these branches can be easy to distinguish, but the lines between them may be blurred as well. To better understand these two sides of psychology it is necessary to understand what each division represents in this field (Critical psychology, 2001). Normal psychology is what an average animal experiences in response to emotional stimuli. For example, a woman’s boyfriend severs relations between the two people. In the average situation, the woman would be depressed for a short period of time. This sadness could stretch to several weeks or...
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...Anxiety, Mood/Affextive, Dissociative/Somatoform University of Phoenix Online PSY/410 Anxiety, Mood, Dissociative, Somatoform Disorders The DSM-IV-TR offers diagnostic categories and classifications for the use of identifying and diagnosing mental disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008). In this paper are the sections of anxiety disorders, mood and affective disorders, dissociative disorders, and somatoform disorders. The likely categorizations and signs beneath these groupings will be covered. As well as, one disorder out of all categories—general anxiety disorder, cyclothymic disorder, depersonalization disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder will be analyzed. Anxiety Disorders The primary distinction between fear and anxiety is that fear is directed at a specific stimuli; whereas, anxiety is more a general feeling of apprehension about the future (Hansell & Damour, 2008). The precise disorders that can shoot from too much anxiety are: acute stress disorder, agoraphobia, anxiety disorders due to a medical condition, general anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specific phobia, social phobia, and substance-induced anxiety disorder (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Panic and anxiety are regular reactions but when these feelings are sensed in the nonexistence of a underlying agent psychological dysfunction can be the ended outcome, for instance...
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...DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY 29:320–327 (2012) Klein Award Winner CHILDHOOD SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER AND ADULT ONSET PANIC ATTACKS SHARE A COMMON GENETIC DIATHESIS Roxann Roberson-Nay, Ph.D.,1 ∗ Lindon J. Eaves, Ph.D.,1,2 John M. Hettema, M.D.,1 Kenneth S. Kendler, M.D.,1,2 and Judy L. Silberg, Ph.D.1,2 Background: Childhood separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is hypothesized to share etiologic roots with panic disorder. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic and environmental sources of covariance between childhood SAD and adult onset panic attacks (AOPA), with the primary goal to determine whether these two phenotypes share a common genetic diathesis. Methods: Participants included parents and their monozygotic or dizygotic twins (n = 1,437 twin pairs) participating in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development and those twins who later completed the Young Adult Follow-Up (YAFU). The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment was completed at three waves during childhood/adolescence followed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IIIR at the YAFU. Two separate, bivariate Cholesky models were fit to childhood diagnoses of SAD and overanxious disorder (OAD), respectively, and their relation with AOPA; a trivariate Cholesky model also examined the collective influence of childhood SAD and OAD on AOPA. Results: In the best-fitting bivariate model, the covariation between SAD and AOPA was accounted for by genetic and unique environmental...
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...those characters had a brain disorder. Pooh suffered of an eating disorder that why he was obsessed with honey all the time, Piglet was diagnosed with anxiety that’s why he was scared all the time .Eeryore was cursed with depression, Tiger had a disorder called ADHD (hyper-active disorder).Christopher Robin was Schizophrenic .Brain disorders is like a bad computer virus it never goes away and if it does its all for awhile. A brain disorder can either be genetic or non-genetic, a genetic brain disorder is caused by a variation or mutation in a gene .A variation is a different form of gene. A mutation id a change in a gene. Genetics brain disorders affect the development and function of the brain. Some genetic brain disorders are due to random gene mutations or mutations caused by environmental exposure ,such as cigarette smoke .Other disorders are inherited ,which means that a mutation gene is passed or a group of genes is passed down through a family. They can also be due to a combination of both genetic changes and other outside factors. Many people with genetic brain disorders fail to produce enough of certain proteins that influence brain development and function .These brain disorders can cause serious problems that affect the nervous system. Some have treatments to control symtoms’, some or life threatening Someone diagnosed with anxiety will respond to certain objects or situation with fear or dread, as well as with physical sign of anxiety or nervousness, such as a rapid...
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...Eating Disorders and t Eating Disorders and the Psyche Jacqueline Nwaeke University of Houston Introduction Psychological disorders have long since been recognized as a serious health threat. An estimated fifty-four million people suffer from a psychological disorder of some sort. One of the most common is eating disorders, although they were not widely recognized as a physiological disorder until 1973, when Hilde Bruch published Eating Disorders: Obesity Anorexia Nervosa and the Person Within (Michel & Willard, 2003). Eating disorders affect people of all ages, races, classes and genders, although more than ninety percent of anorexia and bulimia nervosa cases occur in females, with a majority of them being from middle and upper class backgrounds (Michel & Willard, 2003). Symptoms include a refusal to keep a healthy body weight, an intense fear of weight gain or being fat, feeling fat even though the person is underweight and extreme concern with one’s body weight and image. Feeling out of control after a binge, frequent dieting and purging after a binge are exclusive to bulimia. It is not known for sure how or why an eating disorder occurs because there is no single cause. People who suffer from anorexia look and behave alike once their condition has advanced to certain point (Lucas, 2004). It is suggested that it is a result of biological, cultural and psychological influences – the biopsychological approach. Biological Effects Although it is difficult...
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...In general, an anxiety disorder involves having a feeling of dying or losing control. Symptoms such as heart pounding, shaking, breathing difficulty, and extreme fear can occur without any warning and can last for minutes or hours. Symptoms can also include chest pains, choking, abdominal pain (nausea), dizziness, dread, sweating and a desire to flee (Seligman, 2001). Some anxiety attacks are not precipitated by anything noticeable, and others might be triggered by individual situations such as being in a crowd or even becoming overly stressed. When it comes to treatment of anxiety disorders, there are several approaches. One of them involves educating the patient. Sometimes patients have a passive role in this method, regularly listening to health care experts telling them about their anxiety disorder (Ohman, 2000). The information that is given is more often than not broad and usually overly simplified and not pertinent to the patient. In order to prevent this, patients need to take an active role in the learning process. Another approach involves developing the patient’s awareness of their disorder. This approach actually builds up the patient’s self-confidence (Seligman, 2001). With this knowledge the patient’s symptoms would be reduced, and they would be better equipped to handling their attacks. Any changes in the patient’s self-confidence would result in positive health changes developing. Anxiety disorders are conceivably the most common and frequently occurring...
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...There are not many people who can understand what a person with an anxiety disorder deals with on a daily basis. But, a good look into Understanding The Anxious Mind will give you a peak into the life of people with anxiety disorders. This article goes in-depth from the moment when infants first start doing things like general interactions with toys and life at 4 months old. This article discusses the research of psychology professor Jerome Kagan on the anxieties and daily worries of infants and children all the way through to adulthood. The general idea that professor Kagan is giving rise to is that certain people in society are predisposed to anxiety due to genetics. In this article his research started with infants between 4-6 months old,...
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...Anxiety Mood/affective Somatoform Disorders Marie K Cesar Abnormal Psychology In this paper I will analyze the biological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of several disorders. The DSM-IV-TR offers professionals to opportunity to use a standard classification of mental disorders by the mental health professionals. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety is similar to a fear, it is defined as a unpleasant emotion associated with a general sense of danger or the feeling that something bad is going to happen ( hansell & Damour 2008). Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorder among the U.S population. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can be long term. If someone makes changes in their lifestyle as well as seek psychological counseling and develop coping skill. It is not completely know what causes GAD, the natural chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine may be a possible contributor. Depending on the severity of the condition it may also include genetics as part of the equation. When a person is going through a great deal of stress, they may develop irritability, sleep issues as well as difficulty with concentrating or staying on task. There are many diagnostic criteria for GAD a person must have continuous anxiety for at least six months and have difficulty controlling the anxiety. (Damour & Hansell, 2008) Many people may have difficulty dealing with stress and worry that this may cause them distress and could interfere with their function in day to day...
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...Introduction The biopsychologist will implement the biological approach to psychology in the attempt to study psychological diseases and disorders as well as in the diagnosis and treatment of individual’s suffering from such diseases and disorders. The following will include the analysis of the disorder known as Schizophrenia. The areas of brain affected, causal factors, associated symptoms, neural basis and appropriate drug therapies will be discussed. In addition, the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will also be examined. Both the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will be discussed for their relation to the nature-nurture issue and other appropriate theories of etiology. Possible drug therapies and alternative solutions will also be a focus of discussion. Part A: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is undoubtedly one of the most complex psychiatric disorders of all time. A disorder which name defines the “splitting of psychic functions (Pinel, 2007, p.481)”, Schizophrenia often presents itself with a variety of characteristic symptoms including possible delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or incoherent speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior patterns and negative symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Social and occupational dysfunction often accompany these characteristic symptoms of Schizophrenia and the combination of function impairment and symptoms must persist in duration for a period...
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...| Mental Illness | General Anxiety Disorder | | Liza Ziglar | 10/10/2012 | HCA/240 Facilitator: Gioia Scoppa | Generalized anxiety disorder (or GAD) is characterized by excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about everyday life events with no obvious reasons for worry. People with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder tend to always expect disaster and can't stop worrying about health, money, family, work, or school. In people with GAD, the worry is often unrealistic or out of proportion for the situation. Daily life becomes a constant state of worry, fear, and dread. Eventually, the anxiety so dominates the person's thinking that it interferes with daily functioning, including work, school, social activities, and relationships. GAD affects the way a person thinks, but the anxiety can lead to physical symptoms, as well. Symptoms of GAD can include: * Excessive, ongoing worry and tension * An unrealistic view of problems * Restlessness or a feeling of being "edgy" * Irritability * Irritability * Muscle tension * Headaches * Sweating * Difficulty concentrating * Nausea * The need to go to the bathroom frequently * Tiredness * Trouble falling or staying asleep * Trembling * Being easily startled In addition, people...
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...Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are a group of relatively common psychological problems, which used to be known collectively as neuroses. The main psychological feature of anxiety disorders is the unhappiness, the tension, and the excessive anxiety believed by their sufferers. Except for their symptomatic behavior individuals with anxiety disorders usually respond appropriately to their surroundings, both cognitively, and emotionally. They are aware that something is wrong, but they are generally able to cope without hospitalization. Their main characteristic is what mental health professionals may call personal distress. The most common anxiety disorders are phobic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (Phillipchalk & McConnell, 1994). The less common are panic and obsessive-compulsive. These will be discussing ahead next to its causes, symptoms, and treatments according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) recommendations. Each anxiety disorder has different symptoms, but can alter the life of the individual who suffers those. It is possible to have more than one type of anxiety disorder at the same time or simultaneously. Individuals can also have an anxiety disorder with other mental health problems like depression and substance abuse among others. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Generalized anxiety disorder is much more...
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...What are Anxiety Disorders? A cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom. Anxiety disorders are the most common of emotional disorders and affect more than 25 million Americans. Many forms and symptoms may include: • Overwhelming feelings of panic and fear • Uncontrollable obsessive thoughts • Painful, intrusive memories • Recurring nightmares • Physical symptoms such as feeling sick to your stomach, “butterflies” in your stomach, heart pounding, startling easily, and muscle tension Anxiety disorders differ from normal feelings of nervousness. Untreated anxiety disorders can push people into avoiding situations that trigger or worsen their symptoms. People with anxiety disorders are likely to suffer from depression, and they also may abuse alcohol and other drugs in an effort to gain relief from their symptoms. Job performance, school work, and personal relationships can also suffer. Types of Anxiety Disorders Panic disorder People with this condition have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. Other symptoms of a panic attack include sweating, chest pain, palpitations (irregular heartbeats), and a feeling of choking, which may make the person feel like he or she is having a heart attack or "going crazy." Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) People with OCD are plagued by constant thoughts or fears that cause them to perform certain rituals or...
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