...Volume 63, Issue 1, 15 March 2002, Pages 19–24 Colonization rate of bacteria in the throat of healthy infants Matitiahu Berkovitch et al. (2002). Colonization rate of bacteria in the throat of healthy infants. International Journal of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology 63,19-24. Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, Vol. 31, No. 22 6516-6523.The complete genome sequence and analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae A. M. CerdenÄo-TaÂrraga et. al A. M. CerdenÄo-TaÂrraga et. al. (2003). The complete genome sequence and analysis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae . Nucleic Acids Research 31, 6516-6523. (A. M. CerdenÄo-TaÂrraga et. al., 2003) Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a Gram-positive,non-spore forming, non-motile, pleomorphic rod belonging to the genus Corynebacterium and the actinomycete group of organisms. The organism produces a potent bacteriophage-encoded protein exotoxin, diphtheria toxin (DT), which causes the symptoms of diphtheria. This potentially fatal infectious disease is controlled in many developed countries by an effective immunisation programme. Corynebacterium diphtheria was shown to be the cause of the acute, communicable disease diphtheria after being isolated from diphtheritic pseudomembranes in the late 19th century The virulent and toxigenic strains are lysogenic, and produce an exotoxin formed by two polypeptide chains, which is itself produced when a bacterium is transformed by a gene from the β prophage.[9] Nonpathogenic species of Corynebacterium are...
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...Running Head: Research Critique Part 1 1 Research Critique Part 1 CLABSI in the Pediatric Oncology Population Cathy Frederick Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research October 11, 2015 Research Critique Part 1 2 Purpose of the Research This paper will perform a research critique on a qualitative research study published in the Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, March 2013, Vol. 34, No.3. The study was presented with contributions from multiple individuals, Dr. A. Gaur, Dr. D, Bundy, C. Gao, PhD, Dr. E. Werner, Dr. A. Billett, Dr. J. Hord, Dr. J. Siegel, Dr. D. Dickens, C. Winkle, RN., and Dr. M. Miller. The research was to identify the host and organism characteristics of the hospital-acquired condition, central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Problem Statement CLABSIs increase the risk for increased mortality and morbidity, extended hospital stays, and raises the overall cost of healthcare. Children’s Hospital Association Hematology-Oncology Quality Transformation Collaborative Project (CHAHQTCP), was a qualitative research project that began on November 1, 2009 and ended July 31, 2011. This project was initiated to identify the contributing factors to blood stream infections (BSI) in pediatric hematology patients. The goal of this research was to reduce CLABSIs by 50%. To be included, the CLABSI needed occur 48 hours after being hospitalized or...
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...Parkinson’s disease Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disorder that affects the central nervous system. It affects the body’s movement abilities and creates symptoms such as involuntary shaking of the body. Researchers believe that at least 500,000 people in the United States currently have PD, although some estimates are much higher. Society pays an enormous price for PD. The total cost to the nation is estimated to exceed $6 billion annually. The risk of PD increases with age, so analysts expect the financial and public health impact of this disease to increase as the population gets older. To date, there are no specific diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. Diagnosis can only be made by an expert examination after the person has already developed symptoms. Biochemical measures can be used such as a screening strategy monitoring the dopamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Otherwise, specifically 6(18F)dopa positron emission tomography can be used for a direct measurement of dopamine activity. Using a computer to assess movement time is another test for Parkinson's disease. To examine the electrophysiological characteristics of tremor and preclinical nigral dysfunction characteristic of Parkinson's EMG (electromyography recordings) can be used. Finally, a symptomatic screening is often utilized and consists of nine symptom related questions, as well as disease specific and drug specific questions. This provides an indirect functional measure of the nigrostriatal...
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...flow and oxygenation of tissues throughout the body. This process, if not treated in time, can quickly lead to organ failure and death. Approximately one third of people diagnosed with sepsis die from it. The role of emergency departments throughout the country has become vitally important to the early detection and treatment of sepsis. With the implementation of sepsis protocols in the emergency department the mortality of patients with sepsis admitted through the ED is significantly lower. The word sepsis is commonly used to diagnose patients, but the debate continues as to the true definition. The word sepsis comes from the Greek meaning decay or to putrefy.” (A). Sepsis is a general term that is applied to patients that develop clinical signs of infection. Unlike other diseases sepsis is not diagnosed by the location or type of microbe involved in the infection. Some of the criteria used to diagnose sepsis are abnormalities of body temperature, pulse, respirations, and white blood cell counts. Some symptoms that are common in septic patients are fever, hypothermia, heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute, altered mental status, swelling of the extremities, and high blood glucose in diabetic patients. Sepsis is considered severe when there is organ dysfunction involved. Some examples of this kind of dysfunction are low oxygen level, low urine output; high levels of creatnine in the blood, absent bowel sounds, and low...
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...screening? Week 2: Question 1= Choose an FDA-approved prescription medication and discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the medication, including any differences that would be expected based on the patient's age, a condition of pregnancy, or lactation. Address any adverse effects the medication may have based on age, pregnancy, or lactation. Question 2= Active acquired immunity can be achieved through the use of childhood immunizations. Many parents voice concerns regarding the safety of vaccinations. What is your opinion on the current use of vaccinations? How would you educate parents regarding the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations? Defend your answers with evidence-based research. Week 3: Question 1= Share a case study of an electrolyte imbalance from your practice or from the...
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...I. Introduction Diabetes is on the rise in the United States and the resultant health problems are leading to visits to physicians’ offices and hospitals more than ever before. Diabetic neuropathy, a debilitating nerve disorder which can affect almost any part of the nervous system, occurs in nearly 50 percent of patients with diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is found in 12 percent of insulin dependent diabetics and 32 percent of those who are not, equaling approximately 3 million people in the United States. (Chen et al. 2007) The number of patients with other neuropathies, such as autonomic, proximal, and focal, comprises the other 1 million diabetic neuropathy patients, most of whom suffer in pain from the dysfunction of the nervous system. (Chen et al. 2007) This disorder’s elusive nature is such that it can not only present in any part of the body but it can be completely without symptoms that the average patient would report to their physician. Since the patients themselves are less likely to naturally disclose their suffering through their assumption that their symptoms are not relevant to their diabetic condition, the physician’s role in the diagnosis and recognition of this disorder is even more critical. II. Definition and Types of Diabetic Neuropathy The most common type of diabetic neuropathy is peripheral, considered, more generally, sensorimotor. Peripheral neuropathy causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms....
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...Analysis of Indirect-acting Cholinergic Stimulants: Pyridostigmine and Neostigmine Vanessa Rhule Drugs can be are related by their chemical structure, the way they work or if they are used for the same purpose (Pubmed Health, 2012). A cholinergic stimulant is a class of drugs used to increase activity at acetylcholine synapses and can be further subdivided into two categories; direct and indirect acting cholinergic stimulants. This categorization is based on their mechanisms of action and specificity for clinical use (Ciccone, 2007). Direct-acting cholinergic stimulants increase activity at the acetylcholine synapses by binding directly with the cholinergic receptor on the other hand; indirect-acting cholinergic stimulants put forth the same effect by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase enzyme situated on the cholinergic synapse. For the purpose of this paper, an analysis of indirect acting cholinergic stimulants will be completed, with focus on Pyridosigmine and Prostigmin and their implications to physical therapy practice. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Stimulants Indirect-acting cholinergic stimulants are also known as Cholinesterase inhibitors or Anticholinesterase agents. Cholinesterase inhibitors increase activity at cholinergic synapses by preventing the acetylcholinesterase enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine (ACh) after its release from the presynaptic terminal. Cholinesterase inhibitors inhibit acetylcholinesterase thus allowing more acetylcholine to remain...
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...and / or lack of blood or mucus in oil, help differentiate giardiasis other acute diarrhea. And other gastrointestinal disorders associated with giardiasis gas, bloating, loss of appetite, seizures, and sulfuric belching foul. 3-4 days spontaneous remission in the acute phase, and there is no generally accepted giardiasis. Sometimes, however, they will continue to cause acute infections and malabsorption, steatorrhea, weight loss and weakness. Acute infection, but also to develop a subacute and chronic long-term infection or, in rare cases, several years. The typical patient may not experience loose stools yellow, foam, intestinal gurgling, swelling and associated chronic recurrent brief final bloating. Usually occur between loose stools attack, but often constipation. In spasm chronic infections are rare but often belching sulfuric acid. Loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain often complain of chronic anxiety further infection. In most cases, parasites and chronic...
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...I. Attention-Grabbing introduction: “LEECHES!!!” take a look at these pictures on the board and tell me what you think? …..Pretty crazy huh? Does anyone remember the film “Stand by Me” by chance….? There is a scene in this movie where 4 boys are running and decide to jump in a stream…as they walk out they notice these slimy slug like creatures all over their arms, backs, legs other private parts. As they start flinging these blood sucking creatures from their bodies and other areas that we won’t discuss.. Is one of many justified beliefs that these nasty segmented slimy, wormlike things sole purpose on this earth is to make you recoil in disgust simply from the sight of them…But wait! What if I told you that this same creature held and current serve as an important purpose in the medical field. II. Preview of 3 Main Points: Today I will give information about medical uses of leeches. There are three main points to touch on. First, what medical procedures utilize leeches? Second, why do we use leeches in the medical field. Third and finally, I will speak about the medical benefits of using leeches in medicine today. Thesis/ Specific Purpose Statement: Using these three main points, I will inform the audience of the medical uses and benefits of leeches. The Body: I. Point One: What medical procedures today utilize leeches? A. Sub-point A. 1). Reconstructive Surgery 2). Trauma Patients- In Austrailai 2004 a surfer gets mauled by a surfer on Bondi Beach...
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...Week 4 Chapter 10 Chapter Assessment: Terms: Cluster headache- a type of severe headache that tends to recur over a period of several weeks and in which the pain is usually limited to one side of the head Convulsion- a sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limb or of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associated esp. with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certain toxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children. Migraine headache- a recurrent throbbing headache that typically affects one side of the head and is often accompanied by nausea and disturbed vision. Multiple sclerosis- a chronic, typically progressive disease involving damage to the sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, whose symptoms may include numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue. Neuroma- another term for neurofibrousa Paralysis- the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury. Tay sachs- disease (also known as GM2 gangliosidosis or hexosaminidase A deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Tension headache- headaches are the most common type of headaches among adults. They are commonly referred to as stress headaches Chapter 11 Chapter Assesment: Terms: Alzheimer’s disease- progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age...
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...Geriatrics Geriatrics Jennifer P. Dugan, Pharm.D., BCPS Clinical Assistant Professor University of Colorado Colorado, Denver Updates in Therapeutics: The Pharmacotherapy Preparatory Review and Recertification Course 31 Geriatrics Learning Objectives: The following case pertains to questions 2 and 3. J.T. is an 82-year-old community-dwelling woman with a history of stage III Parkinson disease, hypertension, and urinary incontinence (UI). She is receiving carbidopa/levodopa, pramipexole, selegiline, tolterodine, diazepam, metoprolol, and hydrochlorothiazide. When she comes to your pharmacy to get her prescriptions, she walks slowly with a cane, and she is stooped over. 1. Identify age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in older people. 2. Evaluate the pharmacotherapy regimens of older people to support the maintenance of optimal physical and mental function. 3. Identify inappropriate medication prescribing in older people. 4. Recommend appropriate pharmacotherapy for patients with dementia. 5. Evaluate the risks and benefits of the use of antipsychotics (APs) (including atypical APs) in older patients with dementia. 6. Recommend appropriate interventions for patients suffering from behavioral symptoms related to dementia. 7. Identify the types of urinary incontinence and recommend appropriate treatments. 8. Given a patient’s American Urology Association Symptom Index for benign prostatic hyperplasia, recommend...
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...Individual Case Study Database Patient Profile D.K. is 78 year old female who is quite pleasant. D.K. was admitted into Healthsouth on November 3, 2008. D.K.’s admitting diagnoses are Debility, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Triple Arthrodesis on the right hind foot, GERD, Constipation, Hypertension, and Osteoporosis. I was the student nurse assigned to care for D.K. on clinical day November 10, 2008. Communication D.K.’s primary language is English, her speech is within normal limits and she had no difficulty communicating. The therapeutic communication techniques I used in communicating with the client were touch, eye contact, and open ended questions. The touch communication technique was very effective because it showed the client compassion towards the vulnerability the client was experiencing in the hospital. The client had excoriated skin located on her pubis, the primary nurse wanted the client to leave her undergarments off in order to let the skin to heal through air. The client was extremely vulnerable and a simple touch to the client’s hand gave the client a sense of compassion. I also used eye contact, maintaining eye-contact during conversation shows respect and willingness to listen. (Potter, P.A. & Perry, A.G., 2009, p. 345). This technique gave the client a feeling of comfort that someone was listening to her which prompted the to client open up and spoke to me about her life and her family. Using eye-contact with the client gave her a sense of trust in sharing...
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...Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM Question discussion Devry NR305 Week 1 Disussion 1 & 2 Latest 2015 October discusion 1 As the school nurse working in a college health clinic, you see many opportunities to promote health. Maria is a 40-year-old Hispanic woman who is in her second year of nursing school. She complains of a 14-pound weight gain since starting school and is afraid of what this will do to both her appearance and health if the trend continues. After doing her history, you learn that she is an excellent cook and she and her family love to eat foods that reflect their Hispanic heritage. She is married with two school-age children. She is in class a total of 15 hours per week, plus 12 hours of labs and clinical. She maintains the household essentially by herself and does all the shopping, cooking, cleaning, and chauffeuring of the children. She states that she is lucky to get six hours of sleep per night, but that is okay with her. She lives one hour from campus and commutes each day. UsingHealthy People 2020 and your text as a guide: 1. What additional information would you like to gather from Maria? 2. What are Maria’s real and potential health risks? 3. Why is Maria’s culture important when obtaining the health assessment? 4. Pick one of Maria’s health risks. Would you classify Maria’s problem as first-level priority, second-level priority, third-level priority, or a collaborative problem? What would be one reasonable short-term goal for...
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...Case Assignment 3 Comprehensive Assessment Comprehensive assessments are a foundation of high acuity nursing as it allows nurses to establish a baseline for the patient, determine oxygen supply and demand, make sound clinical decisions, and promote personalized care (House-Kokan, 2012). Components of a comprehensive assessment include the patient’s story, a physical assessment, and corroborative diagnostic data (House-Kokan, 2012). A comprehensive assessment for both patients in the case study will be presented. Patient’s Story The first patient was not a patient on our assignment for the day. He was a patient we found lying on the floor after we heard a loud thud and crash from across the hall, and we initially knew very little about the patient. We learn from another nurse that the patient is post-op day 2 following an amputation of his right great toe secondary to gangrene and should not have been out of bed. Immediately following the fall the patient was alert and oriented...
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...PR ACTICE STAndARd Infection Prevention and Control Table of Contents Introduction Standard Statements Application of evidence-based measures Application of professional judgment Risk reduction Communication Maintaining a Quality Practice Setting Case Scenarios Appendix Glossary of Clinical Terms References 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 8 9 11 12 OuR MISSIOn is to protect the public’s right to quality nursing services by providing leadership to the nursing profession in self-regulation. OuR vISIOn is excellence in nursing practice everywhere in Ontario. Infection Prevention and Control ISBN 1-897074-32-8 Pub. No. 41002 Copyright © College of Nurses of Ontario, 2009. Commercial or for-profit redistribution of this document in part or in whole is prohibited except with the written consent of CNO. This document may be reproduced in part or in whole for personal or educational use without permission, provided that: • Due diligence is exercised in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; • CNO is identified as the source; and • The reproduction is not represented as an official version of the materials reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with, or with the endorsement of, CNO. First published February 1996 as Infection Control Guidelines (ISBN 1-894557-33-6) Reprinted January 2000, October 2000, revised for Web June 2003, reprinted January 2004 as Infection Control (ISBN 1-894557-44-1) Revised June 2004, December 2005. Reprinted May 2008 (ISBN 1-897074-32-8)...
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