AIM OF STUDY

The aim in this assessment is to investigate the factors that influence the location of factories in Williamsfield Manchester Jamaica.

METHODOLOGY How
The researcher chooses three factories for assessment for the number of factors that influence the location of factories. The use of questions in an interview format was used in this research to obtain primary source of information while textbook and internet were used for secondary sources of information.
Primary Sources: Interview
A formal interview took place with the managers of the three factories in means of data obtainment because it was easy to handle and familiar with, it helps to gain extra information within the interview and it is more responsive therefore allows the researcher to get a good response from these managers and other employee working at the factories in Williamsfield.
Secondary Sources: Textbooks and Websites
The use of text books and websites are the main sources of obtaining information in the formation of questions for the interview. Map of the Williamsfield and nearby communities, Parish of Manchester and Jamaica were drawn by the researcher with each showing the study area. Photographs were also taken by the researcher.
When
An interview was conducted by the researcher where several questions were posted on the manager and other member of staff. This was held on January 21, 2013 at 9:30-10:00 and January 30, 2014 during 4:50-5:30pm.
Where
The research was conducted in Williamsfield Manchester. The community of Williamsfield is located in northeast Manchester. However, Williamsfield is approximately 2km away from the parish Mandeville .SEE figure one (1) for the map of Jamaica. SEE figure two (2) for the location of Williamsfield and nearby towns. SEE figure three (3) for the layout of Williamsfield.

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Brief History of Factory:

Pickapeppa Factory
The Pickapeppa factory is located in Shooters Hill Williamsfield Manchester it is a productive industry that is well known for its spicy products both locally and internationally. The factory is approximately 2 km away from the parish capital Mandeville. The Company was form in 1921 by Norman Nash, who started out practicing in his kitchen. In 1921 it was however taken over by the Lynkeechow family and began exporting in 1925.The factory today has grown a lot and is doing very well in competing with other popular brand of spices. The factory gets its raw materials by the farmers in Williamsfield and other surrounding areas. Fig 4 below shows a photograph of a sign located in front of the Pickapeppa factory. Sign located at the front of the Pickapeppa factory |

Fig 4 showing the sign of the Pickapeppa factory
High Mountain Coffee
The High Mountain Coffee factory or the Jamaica Standard Products J.S.P is located in Williamsfield Manchester. It was started in 1921 as a family business primarily in the manufacturing of Jamaica coffee. The factory is founded by Mr. Leslie Minott and is now in charge by his grandson John Minott. Today the High Mountain Coffee is rated world wide as one of the best. Fig 5 below shows a photograph of a sign located at the front of the Coffee factory.

Sign located at the front of the High mountain coffee factory |

Fig 5 showing the sign of the High Mountain Coffee factory.

Pioneer Factory
The Pioneer factory in Williamsfield is just meters from the Jamaica Standard Products. The factory produces some of the best chocolate in the island. The factory was formed by Walter Nias in 1950. Fig 6 below shows a chocolate product of the Pioneer factory.

Popular product of the Pioneer factory. |

Fig 6 showing a product of Pioneer factory

Factors Influencing the Location
The location of factories in Williamsfield plays a very influential role. When one decides to do business in a particular location several factors must first taken into consideration. These main factors will be the availability of land, close reach for raw materials, sales of product and availability of labour.

Availability of Land
The Access to markets is an important factor which the entrepreneur must take into consideration. Industries producing perishable or bulky commodities which cannot be transported over long distance are generally located in close proximity to markets. Entrepreneur should ensure that they choose a land that will not affect the operation of the factory. However, the availability of land is one of the main influences that affect the location of factories.
Raw Materials
Raw material is a major influence in the factory operations. Without raw materials the factory will not be able to produce their products. As a result, the factory must get its raw materials from a cheap and easy source so that the factory can be profitable. In some instances a factory may produce its own raw materials. This may not be a smart alternative because the production of raw material maybe very expensive. But instead it can be cheaper for the factory when they buy from farmers within the location.

The Sources of Raw Materials
Inorder for a factory to be successful the source of raw materials should be close. This can help to reduce cost and it will also be much easier for the operation of the factory. Fig 7 below shows the ways that factories in Williamsfield receive their raw materials. Factory | Local Sources | Produced by Factory | Imports | Jamaica Standard Products | * | * | | Pickapeppa | * | | | Pioneer Chocolate | | | * | Fig 7 showing the sources of raw materials

Labour Force
Adequate supply of cheap and skilled labour is necessary for and industry. The attraction of an industry towards labour depends on the ratio of labour cost to the total cost of production. Factories often locate to communities where the availability of skilled workers in the area is plenty.
Sale of Products
Like the factories in Williamsfield, factories often locate to areas where the sale of their products are easily been sold by its consumers. The aim of all industries is to make a profit and in order to do so the location of the factory must be taken in to consideration.

Prominent Customers
In order for a profit to make you must have customers to buy your products. Like the factories in Williamsfield they all have their prominent customers. For the purchasing of these products they must be well informative by using a suited label. Fig 8 below shows a picture of a label product from the Pickapeppa factory. Labeled Pickapeppa sauces |

Fig 8 showing a dominant mango sauce a product of the Pickapeppa factory

The type of product the factory produce will determine the amount of customers the factory gets. Some of the factories in Williamsfield have the same prominent customers. These prominent customers are: supermarkets stores, street shops, hotels, restaurants and schools. Fig 9 shows the factories and their prominent customers using a table.

Factory | Prominent Customers | | supermarket | schools | Street shops | hotels | restaurant | Pickapeppa factory | * | | * | * | * | Coffee factory | * | | * | * | * | Pioneer Chocolate factory | * | * | * | | |
Fig 9 shows the types of prominent customers each factory have.
Even though the prominent customers for the factories in Williamsfield were; supermarkets, schools, street shops, hotels and restaurants. All respondents from each factory stated that individual purchase were present everyday during the operation of the factory.
Transportation
When a factory is close to their source of raw materials then the transportation will become very easy and cheap for the factory. Fig10 below shows the means of how raw material is been transport.

Fig 10 shows the way in which raw materials and products are been transported within the factory. According to the respondents they all state that trucks were their number one means of transportation of raw materials and finish products. None of the three factories used train as a source of transportation for raw materials and finish products. A percentage of 75% was accumulated for trucks while the other 25% was for buses. Hence, the reason for this was because there are more durable, easy to maintain and work more effective than other means of transportation.
Pollution
Pollution can be defined as the contamination of the environment with harmful substances. In Williamsfield pollution is another main factor that influences the location of the three factories. Because the area is not a well populated and develop area this will increase and influence the presents of factories. The types of pollution that may occur are: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and noise pollution. Fig 11 below shows the types of pollution that each factory in Williamsfield contributed to. Factory | Pollution | | Air | Water | Land | Noise | Pickapeppa | | | | * | Coffee | * | | | * | Chocolate | * | | | |
Fig 11 showing the types of pollution cause by the factories

All of the factories in Williamsfield contributed in some form of pollution in their location but on a small scale. Hence, even though the community is affected by this they still manage to cooperate; this is because they themselves are benefiting from the presents of the factory.
CONCLUSION
This assessment was a success all investigation was done with three factories from Williamsfield. The Pioneer chocolate, Jamaica standard Products and Pickapeppa factories were visit on two different days. All factors that influence the location were identified. These factors were; raw material, pollution, availability of the land, prominent customers and Transportation.
The factories operators were examined by the researcher in which the managers and employees were been interviewed in order to gather information in this research. The aim was followed carefully and According to the research the main factor that affects the factories in Williamsfield was the availability of the land. The community of Williamsfield and its environs is a good location for business. This helps to create employment for residence in Williamsfield, Spaulding, Porus, Christiana, Mandeville and other communities.
The Factories in this location also provide grants for residence, workers, sports development and basic schools. All managers of the factories stated that they will recommend any entrepreneurs that are willing to start a business in Williamsfield and as the researcher I am also encouraged in having dreams in doing business in Williamsfield. The main challenge faced by the factories was the lack of raw materials. It was very difficult for the factory to operate with small amount of raw materials because this will led to a decrease in income for the factories. Hence, the conclusion that can be draft is that the factor does influence the location of factories.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

References 1. Bleasdell, S.G. et al, CSEC New Integrated Geography ,Caribbean Education Publishers Trinidad and Tobago,2008 2. Guinness, Paul, Geography for CSEC. Nelson Thornes ltd.(2008) 3. Morrissey, Mike, Caribbean School Atlas for Social Studies, Geography and History. Third Edition, Carlong Publishers Jamaica.(2000) 4. http://en.wikipedia;org/wiki/Factory (Retrieval date, January 9, 2014)

INTERVIEW SHEDULE: Give a brief history of the factory?

1) How many workers are employed in the factory?

2) Who are the most prominent customers?

3) By what means are your products advertised?

4) What challenges does the company face?

5) In what area does the industry grant incentives in the community?

6) How many persons benefit from these incentives in the community?

7) Who are the target marketers/who is the factory producing for?

8) Does the operation of the company affect the surrounding communities?

9) Where does most of the workers come from?

10) How the distance of the factory affects the workers?

11) What government regulations are in place that will affect the factory or operation of the factory?

12) By what means are raw materials transported within the factory

13) Does the operation of the company affect the community in any type of pollution?

14) How the location of the factory benefits the residence of Williams Field?

15) What impact does the factory have on the youths?

16) What action does the factory takes to help maintain the ecosystem?

17) Why was Williamsfield the chosen location for this factory?

18) Does the factory produce its own raw materials?

19) What kinds of products are produced by this factory?

20) Would you recommend a company to place a factory in Williamsfield?