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George Washinton

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Great Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe was an African kingdom in Southern East Africa. The name “Zimbabwe” is thought to come from the Shona language, meaning “house of rock.” The Great Zimbabwe kingdom is best known for building many of its palaces, houses, and defensive walls out of stone.
Go to http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/mysteries-of-great-zimbabwe.html and use the article “Mysteries of Great Zimbabwe” to answer the following questions.
1. João de Barros wrote of "a square fortress, masonry within and without, built of stones of marvelous size, and there appears to be no mortar joining them” in 1552. He believed that this great stone building belonged to what kingdom and ruler? He thought it was Axuma on the cities of the queen of sheba.

2. Others linked the stone fortress with the region’s gold trade and believed it to be what biblical land?
They believed it was the biblical land ophir.
3. Maurch “discovered” Great Zimbabwe in 1871, looking for what? eager to seek for the fabled ruins of Ophir
4. He based his conclusion that a “civilized (meaning white) civilization must have lived there” on what evidence? List at least three things.
He found soapstones , iron relics and cedar wood just like his pencil was made from.

5. J. Theodore Bent, the person hired to investigate the origins of Great Zimbabwe, uncovered many artifacts. What were some of the artifacts uncovered?
He found bronze, iron, and copper spearheads, axes, adzes, and hoes, and gold working equipment.

6. The artifacts Bent uncovered were similar to what local tribe’s?
Karanga
7. What was Bent’s conclusion about who built the ruins of Great Zimbabwe? a northern race coming from Arabia, closely akin to the Phoenician and Egyptian
8. Richard Nicklin Hall, a local journalist and author of The Ancient Ruins of Rhodesia, launched a full-scale investigation in to the origins. What did he do in the process?
He was removing the "filth and decadence of the Kaffir occupation
9. Why is Hall’s work problematic for later historians and archaeologists?
He left archeologist deposits in the walls

10. Who are the Shona people from whose language comes the name “Zimbabwe”?
The Shona are Bantu people of Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique
11. How many people lived in Great Zimbabwe during its heyday?
12,000 to 20,000
12. What is the significance of the Great Enclosure, in terms of historic value?
It is a wall surrounding the city it had more stone then all the buildings and walls in the city
13. Describe how the location of Great Zimbabwe helped it become wealthy and prominent.
They were in the middle of the gold trading route and taxed the merchants.

14. What things may have happened to cause the people to move out of Great Zimbabwe in the mid-15th century? (List all 4 possible reasons.)
The trade moved to the north, resources were low, over use of resources and lack of salt.

15. The ancestors of which African tribe does scholar Tudor Parfitt believe built Great Zimbabwe?

16. What evidence leads him to believe that?

17. “If the Lemba contention is true, does this mean that outsiders—that is, not native Africans—built Great Zimbabwe?” How does the article answer this question?

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