...“How” were monuments constructed at Giza Vanita Johnson Jennifer Adrienne HUM 111 October 25, 2011 Over the years many scientists and archaeologists have wondered, “How” did the ancient Egyptians construct these tombs of such a great size without the help of machinery. The main reason for this question was because each pyramid was composed of millions of limestone blocks each weighing 25 to 80 tons each and was located on the west side of the Nile. Experts have also talked a lot about the methods by which each block was raised into position. It was theory that wooden and bronze levers were used to move the blocks, a system of ramps, terrestrials or just millions of workers. There was also debate on how did they get these huge stones from the quarries into the middle of the desert. Some archaeologists believed that they used large boats, traveling the Nile or just simply rolled and drug them. I believe the theory of a million of workers is possible but whether they dragged, lifted or even rolled each stone into place is not.The Greeks believed slaves was used, but modern Egyptologists accept that it was thousands of skilled workers. Verner posited that the labor was organized into a hierarchy, consisting of two gangs of 100,000 men, divided into five groups of 20,000 men each, which may have been further divided according to the skills of the workers. So through research I believe these men may have used a system of ramps. Most archaeologists agreed that a system of...
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...Theories on the Construction of Giza Anthony R. Woodrum Professor Kristen Messer World Cultures I July 27, 2014 Theories on the Construction of Giza There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated. The theories range from the use of ramps, rollers and wood sleds; to copper tools, wood, rope and sweat; and as farfetched as aliens being responsible for the construction of the pyramids. I chose what I think are the two most likely theories on how the pyramids were constructed. The two theories are the transport theory and the internal ramp theory. My first choice on the transport theory was by a polish engineer by the name of Andrzeji Bochnacki. His theory consisted of using the Nile River to move the stones close to the location of the pyramid. Apparently they built some form of a boat and tied ropes to them. They would pull the boats carrying the stones up the Nile River when the water levels would raise. Then he continued to lean towards the Egyptians using a series of external ramps with simple tools to move the blocks to their final destination. “Simple wooden levers and wedges or only wooden wedges will be completely suitable tools for blocks transport along the ramp. And we do not have to worry about friction...
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...The construction of the pyramids does not appear to be a series of sporadic events. It appeared as though the Pharaohs, who built their pyramids in Giza, oversaw everything with regards to the design and locations of their pyramid sites. The Pharaohs whom were placed in the Giza pyramids were in my opinion the architect as well as the project manager for their pyramid’s construction. Each Pharaoh chose the site for their massive pyramids for specific purposes. King Khufu for instance instructed his slaves to build his pyramids sites on the west of the Nile which he and a few other Pharaohs believed was the home to the deceased because the sun set towards the west of the Nile. It has been founded that the location of each Pharaoh’s chamber/burial site within the pyramids are located in the center of the massive edifice. Additionally the interior of the pyramids were constructed intricately. For instance the passageways within the pyramids were designed to lead down to the Pharaohs chambers which were designed to be sealed behind heavy stones after their passing. It is reasonable to consider that the construction of the pyramids were not an easy feat. The size of the pyramids is generally what fuels rational debate about the construction of the Giza pyramid site. One of the largest pyramids of King Khufu’s burial sites resides on a foundation that covers 13 acres and a base that measures 756 feet. It has been estimated that the construction (at the least) was...
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...the Pyramids of Giza RUNNING HEAD: THE MYSTERY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PYRAMIDS 2 AT GIZA There are many mysteries surrounding our history, especially those of ancient times. It is my belief that a mystery is something that simply can’t be explained and is based off of phenomenon. In regards to the Pyramids at Giza, is it really a mystery or have we as a modern society over looked some things? Have we given our ancestors due credit for their work or do we continue to believe that since they were not as technologically advanced that somehow they weren’t as smart as we are today? The only mystery here is why we can’t fathom certain things of ancient times to have been accomplished. No one as of yet can come up with a viable explanation as to how the Pyramids of Giza were built. How could a structure so big, so wide, be built by men who had yet to advance by our definition of skill? The Great Pyramid at Giza was built for Pharaoh Khufu who ruled during the 4th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Such as was practice in the ancient times, Pharaoh Khufu was laid to rest in one of the greatest structures ever known to mankind, The Pyramid at Giza. Great labor was...
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...UNDERPAID WORKERS IN PUBLIC SECTORS: GIZA ZOO Visiting the zoo used to cost fifty piasters, nowadays it costs three pounds. Despite the six times increase in tickets almost all the employees did not have a raise in their salary. The zoo is one of the places low-income families can spend a fun day at. However, for most of the employees working there, the Giza zoo is a harsh working environment where they do not get paid enough and receive no benefits. The Giza Zoo was once the most beautiful zoological gardens in Egypt; the Ministry of Agriculture in Egypt runs it. Over the past decade its status has been deteriorating more and more. After the 25th of January movement in Egypt, many workers in the public sectors have been striking all over Egypt; among them were workers in the Giza zoo. Workers in the zoo have been living in inequality for as long as they can remember, they work over hours, six-days-a-week, many of them even sleep over in the zoo gardens because they cannot afford public transportation. Working conditions and Salaries: As you enter the zoo, you realize that by every cage there is a man standing by it wearing a green overall with stains and holes all over it. Abdel Haleem Gomaa is one of them gatekeepers. Gomaa has been working as a gatekeeper for 28 years in the zoo. Unlike many is Gomaa is a satisfied worker, he works six days a week; he has six children and his salary amounts to 480 EGP. Gomaa has been working with many...
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...The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza has long been debated. Most theories of the Great Pyramid’s construction include using ramps and pulley mechanisms in order to move such massive stones, but exactly how has remained a mystery. There is a theory on how the Egyptians attained the large workforce needed for the construction of the Great Pyramid. The Greek believed that slave labour was used, but modern discoveries made at nearby workers' camps associated with construction at Giza suggest it was built instead by tens of thousands of skilled workers (Collins, Harper 1988)... During the times the Nile flooded its surrounding fields, a large local workforce would arrive to help construction for their God-King’s temples (“Who,” 1997). There are differing theories as to how the placement and utilization of the ramps allowed the Egyptians to move blocks of stone weighing as much as 100,000 pounds.One of the theories for the construction of the Great Pyramid was the single ramp theory. This theory was quickly dismissed as the scale of the ramp required would have had to of been more than a mile long; equaling more work than the Great Pyramid itself. Another external ramp theory postulated that a ramp was built along the sides of the pyramid, spiraling along-side the edge of the Great Pyramid. While that would avoid the need for a mile long ramp, this theory also has a problem. That is frequent measures of the corners of the Great Pyramid would...
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...The Mystery of the Great Pyramid Kimone Campbell Professor Jenna Thrasher-Sneathen Humanities 111 May 1, 2013 There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Mystery and Magic surrounding them, filling scholars and the public with wonder that presents the following question: How did our ancestors, more than 4500 years ago, build these magnificent structures, and how did they organize the workforce that was necessary for their construction. There are so many theories regarding the construction of the Giza pyramid it is hard to believe one from the ET visitation, to the levitating the blocks with some sort of sound system to the ramps they used and last but not least the slavery or some kind of labor force. Let us explore two of the most talked about theories that I have come across on my research which is the case of the Aliens and the laborers or what could be equivalent for us today some kind of military force. In the case of the Aliens. According to research done by several Egyptologist the pyramid was accurately aligned with points of a compass that only aliens could have achieved that many years ago. The angles of the slopes were precise that only aliens could be thought of to do this since they were not equipped with the mathematically advanced equipment to be so accurate. Also because the blocks were so heavy it would only make sense that the aliens did because man was not equipped with the knowledge or technology to...
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...Stefani Delap Bruce Beard Hum:111 01/31/16 The Mysterious Construction of The Pyramids Of Giza The Mysterious Construction of The Pyramids Of Giza The Pyramids of Giza are a great tourist attraction and an even more perplexing ideology of architectural construction. How were these great monuments built? In regarding how the pyramids were constructed, there have been many theories proposed but none have adequate evidence. According to the French engineer Jean Pierre Houdin: The Giza pyramids were constructed in three major stages. In the first stage the first portion of the pyramid building process, Houdin, relies on the conservative Historian standby, “the straight ramp”, to explain the mechanism of how the stone blocks were moved and placed into the monument. The process in which Jean proposes, the straight ramp was slowly constructed up which the ancient laborers dragged over a million and a half blocks that went into the Pyramids reaching the third level of the King Chamber. In an extension to the rising levels the beginning infrastructure of an internal spiral was created twisting around just inside the outer edge of the core masonry. The second stage of construction, Houdin, tries to explain that the purpose for the unique design of the Grand Gallery was solely for aiding in the moving and raising the huge granite blocks that were placed above the King’s chamber. The third stage, is perceived...
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...Name; Subject; Date; Instructor; The great pyramid of Giza The pyramids of Ancient Egypt are as entrancing and interesting, as they are amazing. Egyptologists and history specialists have since quite a while ago faced off regarding the topic of who manufactured the pyramids, and for what reason. There are a wide range of and regularly clashing hypotheses as to the development of the Great Pyramid of Giza. At the point when turning back the pages of history, it is found that various speculations have been produced to clarify the nearness of such a critical authentic milestone. Speculations differ from a tomb for a lord, to an uncommon synthetic plant, a reference point for extraterrestrial aircraft's, a stone type of the Bible, a conceivable approach to contact a Higher Being and a stone declaration of the second happening to Christ. Such case of shifting questionable hypotheses has started various theories to the riddle of the Great Pyramid of Giza. As indicated by customary Egyptology, the Great Pyramid of Giza was worked by Egyptian pharaoh Khufu amid the Fourth Dynasty around .the year 2560 BCE Schillings, M. : 1999 : Sheet . It has been proposed that the Egyptian civilization succeeded in setting up an unpredictable and sorted out work power of individuals to make and manufacture an astounding entombment tomb for the pharaoh in help of his voyage to the great beyond. Be that as it may, in opposition to this recommendation, one must inquire as to why the present day...
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...The Pyramids Of Giza Remember those triangle things you saw on tv once, well, those things are called pyramids, and a few of them are found in Egypt like the pyramids of Giza. It all started off i]on August 23, 2470, BC, the exact day they started building the first pyramid at Giza. Not only is there just one pyramid at Giza, but there are three pyramids all with their own special features. Also, if you remember seeing a big cat close to these pyramids, don’t worry, nothing happened to your brain, that thing is just called a sphinx. Fun fact: If you jump off the top of the Great Pyramid, you would die, so don’t do it. You can also go inside these pyramids at Giza lots of days in the year. Inside of these pyramids are the bodies of the Pharaohs who wanted these built. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the first wonder out of all the seven wonders of the world. It was the largest pyramid in the world at an astonishing 146.5 meters tall, but there was a debacle, so now The Great Pyramid stands proudly at 136 meters. Firstly, The...
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...The Great Pyramid of Giza is the most long lasting structure in the world. And the most mysterious. How much do you really know about the Great Pyramid of Giza? Did you know that it watermarks have proved it was once halfway submerged in saltwater? Or that it’s weight is estimated at 5,955,000 tons? The Great Pyramid is one of the wonders of the world. It's gotten this label because even today, we have no idea how it was built. It is located in the Giza Necropolis, or modern day Cairo, Egypt. We thought it was built for the burial of the fourth dynasty pharaoh Khufu, ( who is also known as Cheops) and was completed around 2560 B.C. The Great Pyramid is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that is still standing. Nobody knows...
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...There are many theories as to how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated. The pyramids of Giza are the only surviving Ancient Wonder of the World and one of the most famous tourist attractions in the modern world. They are some of the oldest divine sites in our index and certainly among of the most impressive. The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt were built as tombs for Kings and Queens, and it was the exclusive privilege to have a Pyramid tomb. However, this tradition only applied in the Old and Middle Kingdoms. Today there are more than 93 Pyramids in Egypt; the most famous ones are those at Giza. Even in scientific circuses there are still a lot of theory about how and whom the pyramid was constructed by. According to ancient Greek historian Herodotus, Khufu enslaved his people to build his pyramid. Most of the modern Egyptologists believe it was built instead by tens of thousands of skilled workers, both men and women. There is another theory from Herodotus, which states that machines formed of short wooden planks were used to raise the stones. “After laying the stones for the base, they raised the remaining stones to their places by means of machines formed of short wooden planks. The first machine raised them from the ground to the top of the first...
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...MONTH: March 2008 Could the Giza Zoo become a rescue center? CAIRO--Little changed in 117 years, the Giza Zoo is either the best of zoos or the worst of zoos, according to many noisy authorities, and may actually be a bit of both. The animal collection is distinctly idiosyncratic and of little value from a conservation perspective, since most of the examples of rare species represent inbred genetic lines. Yet the zoo does include enough lions, elephants, hippos, zebras, giraffes, and monkeys to satisfy most visitors. The animal care attracts far more complaints than the variety. Much ridiculed by non-Egyptians, the exhibits of Rottweilers, Dobermans, German shepherds, and other dog breeds are of interest, albeit apparently declining, in a society where keeping pet dogs is still rare, cold climate breeds are seldom seen, and most dogs are rat-catchers and scavengers. People, many of them elderly, who might never keep a dog from fear of landlord hostility or social ostracism come to feed and pet the zoo dogs. Most of the Giza Zoo is a gathering place for teenagers, but the quiet corner housing the dogs, ducks, and geese is something of a senior center. The Giza Zoo is among the more enduring works of Khedive Ismail, who at age 33 in 1863 inherited the governance of Egypt as senior representative of the Turkish-based Ottoman Empire. Khedive Ismail in 1869 opened the Suez Canal, 10 years after a French corporation began digging it, and in 1875 turned the canal over to the...
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...| | |Mahmoud Said Mohamed Iprahem | |4 . Faysal St . Giza . Egypt | |(202) 7297723 - (002) 01061040478 | |Mahmoed.said@gmail.com | Profile:- An organised, young individual with a calm approach to his work, is able to prioritise, and copes well under pressure. An enthusiastic, hard working and self-learned individual with a proven ability to work well within a team as well as on own initiative. Objective:- Seeking a full time opportunity in a challenging work environment where I can utilize and enhance my knowledge and skills as well as developing my career objectives. Personal data: Date of birth: 4/9/1986 Place of birth: Cairo, Egypt. Nationality: Egyptian. Personal status: Single. Military status: Is performed military service Key Skills:- 0. Very good communication skills 1. Attention to detail 2. Analytical and Problem Solving skills 3. Client relationship Skills 4. Ambitious & self-motivated Education: ➢ Modern Academy Major: Computer Science . □ From 2003 - 2007 □ Graduation year May, 2007 □ Overall...
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...Ethical and Socially Responsive Business Kaiser Ahmed Strayer University Code of conduct in a business is extremely important. It sets boundaries in a work environment that keeps ethical behavior regulated. The Cheesecake Factory is one organization that has a code of conduct in place that is detrimental to the success of its business. Some of those key aspects are Compliance with the law, Non-Solicitation and Non-Raid and Non-Disparage Issues. These codes that are put in place uphold ethical behavior and also protects the organization itself. Compliance with the law is extremely important. This code states: “We expect staff members to comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws,regulations, rules and regulatory orders at all times. Neither a supervisor nor any other staffmember has the authority to direct another staff member to break any law or to conducthim/herself in a manner that is counter to the Code of Ethics”. The Cheesecake factory put this code in effect to make sure that their employees hold up their duties as law abiding citizens. In this they also stated that they do not tolerate sexual harraasement or drugs, which is very important now a days with everything going on. This should and I’m sure it is a basic code of conduct whether it be a business or a school. When we are jobs giving service to the world we must keep in mind that our responsibilities...
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