...ultrasound. When the thyroid ultrasound results came back it showed an 8mm thyroid nodule in right side of the thyroid gland. My primary care doctor was fine with just watching the nodule to see if would change over a year time. After months of soul searching and having an intuition that this could be some serious. I made an appointment with an otolaryngologists. Little did I know that this doctor’s appointment would be a life changing event for my sons and I. Once I was at the doctor’s appointment and the doctor did a full physical exam and reviewed the ultrasound films. I was given two options to have a thyroid biopsy done and this is where a needle is inserted in the thyroid gland with ultrasound guide and a small piece of tissue is removed and sent to pathology. In some cases the results are inconclusive. The other option was a thyroidectomy and complete remove the thyroid gland and send it to pathology for a diagnostic conclusion. I decided to have the surgery done. A decision that beginning of a life changing event. There are two types of thyroid surgery one is endoscopic and open. Most thyroid surgeries are done with the open method. An open thyroid surgery is where a 3 to 4 inch incision is made in the neck and the thyroid gland is removed and sent for pathology. (American Thyroid 2013) (Mathison2014) Once the pathologist reviewed the thyroid gland and examined the nodule it was found to be a 2.3 papillary thyroid cancer. This type of cancer...
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...Thyroid Disease The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, just below the voice box. It controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones. The thyroid plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism and calcium balance. The T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by cells. These hormones are essential for life and have many effects on body metabolism, growth, and development. Several different types of thyroid problems may develop including an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), and growths on the thyroid that may be nodules or cancer. As mentioned in an article from Cleveland clinic, to control metabolism, the thyroid produces hormones, T4 and T3, which tell the body's cells how much energy to use. A properly functioning thyroid will maintain the right amount of hormones needed to keep the body's metabolism functioning at a satisfactory rate. As the hormones are used, the thyroid creates replacements. The quantity of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream is monitored and controlled by the pituitary gland. When the pituitary gland, which is located in the center of the skull below the brain, senses either a lack of thyroid hormones or a high level of thyroid hormones, it will adjust Thyroid- stimulating hormones (TSH) and send it to...
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...Thyroid Disease The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, just below the voice box. It controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones. The thyroid plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism and calcium balance. The T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by cells. These hormones are essential for life and have many effects on body metabolism, growth, and development. Several different types of thyroid problems may develop including an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), and growths on the thyroid that may be nodules or cancer. As mentioned in an article from Cleveland clinic, to control metabolism, the thyroid produces hormones, T4 and T3, which tell the body's cells how much energy to use. A properly functioning thyroid will maintain the right amount of hormones needed to keep the body's metabolism functioning at a satisfactory rate. As the hormones are used, the thyroid creates replacements. The quantity of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream is monitored and controlled by the pituitary gland. When the pituitary gland, which is located in the center of the skull below the brain, senses either a lack of thyroid hormones or a high level of thyroid hormones, it will adjust Thyroid- stimulating hormones (TSH) and send it to...
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...Thyroid Disease The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, just below the voice box. It controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones. The thyroid plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism and calcium balance. The T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by cells. These hormones are essential for life and have many effects on body metabolism, growth, and development. Several different types of thyroid problems may develop including an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), and growths on the thyroid that may be nodules or cancer. As mentioned in an article from Cleveland clinic, to control metabolism, the thyroid produces hormones, T4 and T3, which tell the body's cells how much energy to use. A properly functioning thyroid will maintain the right amount of hormones needed to keep the body's metabolism functioning at a satisfactory rate. As the hormones are used, the thyroid creates replacements. The quantity of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream is monitored and controlled by the pituitary gland. When the pituitary gland, which is located in the center of the skull below the brain, senses either a lack of thyroid hormones or a high level of thyroid hormones, it will adjust Thyroid- stimulating hormones (TSH) and send it to...
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...system. The endocrine glands are equally important parallel communication system in the body. The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream or the lymph system. I have found a table that shows which glands are in the body and what exactly they produce or do for a human. Adrenal glands - Divided into 2 regions; secrete hormones that influence the body's metabolism, blood chemicals, and body characteristics, as well as influence the part of the nervous system that is involved in the response and defense against stress. Hypothalamus - Activates and controls the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions, the hormonal system, and many body functions, such as regulating sleep and stimulating appetite. Ovaries and testicles - Secrete hormones that influence female and male characteristics, respectively. Pancreas -Secretes a hormone (insulin) that controls the use of glucose by the body. Parathyroid glands - Secrete a hormone that maintains the calcium level in the blood. Pineal body - Involved with daily biological cycles. Helps regulate the body rhythms and sleep cycles. Pituitary gland - Produces a number of different hormones that influence various other endocrine glands. Thymus gland - Plays a role in the body's immune system. Thyroid gland - Produces hormones that stimulate body heat production, bone growth, and the body's metabolism. Your endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce hormones...
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...The gland is walnut sized and is located below the bladder in front of the rectum in males. The prostate also surrounds the urethra, the tube that encloses urine. The function of the prostate gland is to produce semen, thus carrying the male’s sperm (Sieve and Vonne, 2015). While prostate cancer typically begins in the prostate, it can spread anywhere in the body. Metastasis occurs when prostate tumor cells break away and travel through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to the other areas of the body. Prostate cancer is commonly metastasized in the lymph nodes, bones, lungs, liver, and the brain. Rarely do prostate cancer tumor cells travel to the adrenal glands, eyes, kidneys, or the spleen (Erik Castle MD,...
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...Acinar Adenocarcinoma is a form of prostate cancer that develops in the cells that line the prostate gland. It's the most common form of prostate cancer. Acinar Adenocarcinoma initially affects the prostate gland but can eventually obstruct the urethra if not treated in time. Acinar Adenocarcinoma is mostly found in men age 65 and older. African-American men Carribean men are 60% more likely to be diagnosed with this disease. This is due to environmental and ethical issues. 1 out of 7 men will get prostate cancer and 1 out of 39 will die from it. In earlier stages of prostate cancer there are no symptoms. As it progresses and develops, a man could have problems urinating, controlling their urination, and extreme pain in the bones. Doctors...
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...Graves' Disease The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. This is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the thyroid gland and triggers the release of high levels of thyroid hormones. One of the hallmarks of Graves' disease is a visible and uncomfortable swelling behind the eyes. Graves' Disease Graves' disease, which is caused by a generalized overactivity of the thyroid gland, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the thyroid gland usually is renegade, which means it has lost the ability to respond to the normal control by the pituitary gland via TSH. Graves' disease is hereditary and is up to five times more common among women than men. The triggers for Graves' disease include stress, smoking, radiation to the neck, medications, and infectious organisms such as viruses. Graves' disease can be diagnosed by a nuclear medicine thyroid scan and blood test. Graves' disease may be associated with eye disease (Graves' ophthalmopathy) and skin lesions (dermopathy). First described by Sir Robert Graves in the early 19th century, Graves' disease is one of the most common of all thyroid problems. It is also the leading cause of hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive hormones. Understanding Graves' Disease Once the disorder has been correctly diagnosed, it is quite easy to treat. In some cases, Graves' disease goes into remission or disappears completely after several months or years. Left untreated,...
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...“Anatomy and Physiology of the Zombie A Discussion of Why They Cannot Exist” Chapter 5 Stacy Gill March 5, 2015 “Anatomy and Physiology of the Zombie A Discussion of Why They Cannot Exist” Looking at whether it is feasible or not for the existence of zombies, I look to the integumentary system for any possibility. I will examine the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and the aging process. The integumentary system is the largest organ in the body, it includes the skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands, sensory receptors, and the subcutaneous tissue. On average, the skin weighs about ten pounds and has an area of about 20 square feet. It serves as a barrier between the human body and the environment. Some environmental dangers are chemicals, ultra violet light, and physical damage. The first layer of the skin is the epidermis which covers almost the entire body. It is made up of squamous epithelial cells that are stacked up on one another. These cells produce and store keratin which makes it water resistant. Even though the epidermis is very thin it is made up of four layers. The innermost layer is the stratum germinativum, this is where mitosis takes place. New cells are being produced constantly, while this is happening the older cells are being pushed toward the outer surface of the skin. The new cells produce keratin, in the keratinocytes, and as they move away from the blood supply they die and shed off. Approximately 8% of the epidermis is made up...
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...consists of skin, hair, nails and other glands. This assignment is about Mrs. Loiselle health condition. Mrs. Loiselle is a registered nurse who suffered from heat syncope because of dehydration and least amount of energy in her body. She worked whole evening i.e. she does not eat food and she felt weak. But, in the morning, she went for running without drinking or eating that made her unconscious and she fall on the ground. In the following question answers, I am going to discuss the lay terms and medical terms. Further, about the role of the integumentary system in contributing Mrs. Loiselle condition. Moreover, negative feedback helps her to return...
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...The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the base of the throat. The thyroid is the largest of the endocrine glands; it has two lobes joined by the isthmus. It hugs the trachea on either side of the second and third ring, opposite of 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical vertebrae. Though the thyroid is small, it has an enormously important job to do, especially for teens. It manufactures the hormones that help control metabolism and growth. To produce thyroid hormones, the thyroid needs a chemical element called iodine that the body absorbs from the foods such as seafood, bread, and salt and from the water you drink. “The entire body contains about 50 milligrams of iodine. About 1/5 to 1/3 of that supply (10 to 15 milligrams) is stored in your thyroid. The thyroid combines the iodine with tyrosine to make important hormones.” Thyroid hormones travel through the bloodstream of your body’s cells. They are important to the growth and structure of bones, puberty and sexual development, and many other body functions. They are responsible for helping your cells convert oxygen and calories into the energy, which is needed to help them work properly. These hormones are important in making sure your body will mature as it should and may affect how your organs function. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothronine (T3), which account for 99.9% and 0.1% of the thyroid hormones present in your blood supply. The hormone with...
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...The American Cancer Society (ACS) (2015) provides detailed information about prostate and testicular cancer specifics. Some facts about the prostate will provide a better understanding of the effects of prostate cancer. As stated by the ACS (2015): The prostate is a gland found only in males. It sits below the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. The size of the prostate changes with age. It grows rapidly during puberty, fueled by the rise in male hormones (called androgens) in the body, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The prostate usually stays about the same size or grows slowly in adults, as long as male hormones are present. In younger men, it is about the size of a walnut, but it can be much larger in older...
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...Juana Davidson Hypothyroidism Professor Cocimano HTH 1105- 92016 To understand hypothyroidism, you must first understand the function of the thyroid. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly shaped organ at the base of your neck, measuring only 2-4 inches in diameter. (Sagmiller, 2) The principle role of the thyroid gland is to manufacture, store, and secrete the thyroid hormones, 1-thyroxine (T4) and triidothyroxine (T3). The thyroid is also responsible for storing much of the body’s supply of iodine, which is used to form T4 and T3. The hypothalamus detects a need for more thyroid hormone and signals the pituitary gland to make thyrotropin (TSH). The thyroid then adjusts its production of hormones based on the amount of TSH it receives. When the thyroid does not make enough hormones, hypothyroidism occurs. (Blanchard and Abrams-Brill) Simply put, hypothyroidism is the result of an underactive thyroid. Because the thyroid controls metabolism, regulates body temperature, affects body weight, muscle strength, energy level, and fertility (Sagmill, 206), an underactive thyroid can have significant effects on individuals who are diagnosed with hypothyroidism. There are an estimated 27 million people living with hypothyroidism, the majority being female. Women are nine times more likely to develop this disease, most cases occurring during the childbearing years. (Blanchard and Abrams-Brill, 1491) While not as common; men and children are still susceptible to the disease. After...
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...The amygdala then forwards this message to the hypothalamus which will ultimately give your body a boost of energy and urge to run or fight. The boost of energy that you fell is actually adrenal glands that are releasing adrenaline into your bloodstream. The first person to describe the Fight or Flight response was Walter Cannon in 1932. He realised that when an animal feels that it is in danger by another animal or human, its sympathetic nervous system triggers the endocrine glands that prepares the animal’s body to either fight or flee from the threat. However, Cannon, also thought that this response could have a negative effect on animals who are subject to a lot of...
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...ITT:Breckinridge | Sjögren’s Syndrome | No tears for the unknown. | Nathan Kalim 1/11/2016 | Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) initially described and named by Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren in 1933. Henrik discovered a connection among those that suffer from Sicca Syndrome; Arthritis, Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca or commonly called Dry Eye, Xerostomia or Dry Mouth. If gone untreated for extended time may experience debilitation symptoms, estimated 0.01%-0.1% of the population has this ailment. With its overlapping symptoms SS can be difficult to diagnose. Etiology (Origin of the Disease) The exact origin of SS remains currently unknown, but believed to be caused due to multiple factors within the body and genetic history. Specific sources of SS factors are possible genetic, environmental, hormonal and viral influences, research published in 2010 by H.J. Chang. Those diagnosed with SS show nearly a 12% relation with a family member that also has SS diagnoses. Statistics show that SS typically shows signs in the years 40-60, and is 10 times more prominent in women verses men. SS can be discovered in all ages but very rarely seen in young children or teenagers. Due to SS vague and seemingly petty symptoms, SS commonly goes several years without a proper diagnosis. Symptoms are often ignored or perceived as other ailments or even drug medication side effects, resulting in its commonly prolonged treatment. SS diagnosis is increasingly difficult do to its...
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