...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL MARKETING SUMMARY A company that engages in global marketing focuses resources on global market opportunities and threats. Successful global marketers such as Nestle, Coca-Cola, and Honda use familiar marketing mix elements – the four Ps – to create global marketing programs. Marketing, R&D, manufacturing, and other activities comprise a firm’s value chain; firms configure activities to create superior customer value on a global basis. Global companies also maintain strategic focus while pursuing competitive advantage. The marketing mix, value chain, competitive advantage, and focus are universal in their applicability, irrespective of whether a company does business only in the home country or has a presence in many markets around the world. However, in a global industry, companies that fail to pursue global opportunities risk being pushed aside by competitors. A firm’s global marketing strategy (GMS) can enhance its worldwide performance. The GMS addresses several issues. First is nature of the marketing program in terms of the balance between a standardization (extension) approach to the marketing mix and a localization (adaptation) approach that is responsive to country or regional differences. Second is the concentration of marketing activities in a few countries or the dispersal of such activities across many countries. Companies that engage in global marketing can also engage in coordination of marketing activities. Finally...
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...Chapter 4 Society I. Society. Society refers to people who interact in a defined territory and share culture. This chapter explores four important theoretical views explaining the nature of human societies, focusing on the work of Gerhard Lenski, Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim. II. Gerhard Lenski: Society and Technology. Gerhard Lenski (Nolan & Lenski, 2010) focuses on sociocultural evolution, the changes that occur as a society acquires new technology. According to Lenski, the more technological information a society has, the faster it changes. New technology sends ripples of change through a society’s entire way of life. Lenski’s work identifies five types of societies based on their level of technology. A. Hunting and gathering societies use simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation. Until about twelve thousand years ago, all humans were hunter-gatherers. At this level of sociocultural evolution, food production is relatively inefficient; groups are small, scattered, and usually nomadic. Society is built on kinship, and specialization is minimal, centered chiefly around age and gender. These societies are quite egalitarian and rarely wage war. B. Horticultural and pastoral societies employ a technology based on using hand tools to raise crops. In very fertile and also in arid regions, pastoralism, technology that supports the domestication of animals, develops instead of horticulture. In either case, these strategies encourage much larger societies to emerge...
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...Executive Summary This report examines interests of each role in social members and evaluates power relations in society, which covers government, corporations and civil society. Research method is covered a literature review which is based on quality academic journal articles, texts and research institutes’ materials. The report clarifies each member’s interaction and its power residents. This power resident and relationship can be reformed through social agenda setting. There is possibility that power-balanced society in capitalism can be diminished through its change into neoliberalism agenda. This is examined through reviewing Japan’s development in last couple of decade. Contents Table 1.0 introduction..............................................................................................3 2.0 Role and power resident.........................................................................3 2.1 The role and power resident of Government.....................................................3 2.2 The role and power resident of Corporations....................................................4 2.3 The role and power resident of Citizens...........................................................5 3.0 An Interaction of Government, Corporations and Citizens…………6 4.0 Character of social context (capitalism, neoliberalism)…………....7 4.1 A power interaction in Capitalism...................................................................7...
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...CHAPTER 2 THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY A. The economic environment is a major determinant of global market potential and opportunity. In today’s global economy, capital movements are the driving force, production is uncoupled from employment, and capitalism has vanquished communism. Based on patterns of resource allocation and ownership, the world's economies can be categorized as market capitalism, centrally-planned capitalism, centrally-planned socialism, and market socialism. The final years of the twentieth century were marked by transitions toward market capitalism in many countries that had been centrally controlled. However, great disparity still exists among the nations of the world in terms of economic freedom. B. Countries can be categorized in terms of their stage of economic development: low income, lower middle income, upper middle income, and high income. Gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national income (GNI) are commonly used measures of economic development. The 50 poorest countries in the low-income category are sometimes referred to as least-developed countries (LDCs). Upper middle-income countries with high growth are often called newly industrializing economies (NIEs). Several of the world’s economies are notable for their fast growth; the BRIC nations include Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The Group of Seven (G7), Group of Eight (G-8), and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) represent...
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...Conscious Capitalism: A Reader’s Reflection In their collaboration, Conscious Capitalism: Liberating the Heroic Spirit of Business, both John Mackey and Raj Sisodia outline and discuss the problems plaguing sizeable business, while sharing their own knowledge and experiences. Throughout, they also continuously encourage socially responsible values in all business organizations. Citing decentralization and stakeholder empowerment, Mackey and Sisodia argue that mans’ inherent goodwill can not only sustain capitalism, but grow with it. The authors formulate their contentions into four models, also known as ‘Tenets,’ which are interconnected, yet interdependent: Higher Purpose; Stakeholder Integration; Conscious Leadership; and, Conscious Culture and Management. The first tenant, Higher Purpose, focuses on searching for meaning, and nurturing the business’ guiding principles. Its purpose is to guide stakeholders with clarity and conviction, but only if the value is simple and clearly defined. Though the authors note ‘purpose, mission, and vision’, they further clarify the distinctions by citing Jerry Porra, quoted in Lan Liu’s Conversation on Leadership: Wisdom from Global Management Gurus: Purpose refers to the difference you are trying to make in the world, mission is the core strategy that must be undertaken to fulfill that purpose, and vision is a vivid, imaginative conception or view of how the world will look once your purpose had been largely realized (47). This...
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...Phil. 334-01 / Spring 2011 Dr. Rodney G. Peffer Founders 169c/ 260-4092 Messages: F-162/ 260-4705 Office Hrs.: T/Th. 700-715 pm Web CT – to be announced Wed. 300-730 pm Phil. 334 ETHICS TOPICS COURSE: GLOB AL JUSTICE Required Texts: Rodney G. Peffer, Global Justice, Human Rights, and the Natural Environment (i.e. various published articles and unpublished essays that are components of this work that will either be put on ERES or emailed to you; there’s nothing to buy) David Schweickart, After Capitalism John Rawls, The Law of Peoples Thomas Pogge & Keith Horton (ed.), Global Ethics: Seminal Essays Thomas Pogge & Darrel Moellendorf (ed.), Global Justice: Seminal Essays Will Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular (Optional) E-Reserve Essays are in: Phil. 340 E-Reserves: Password = “war” Phil. 338 E-Reserves: Password = “endangered” Phil. 462 E-Reserves: Password = “worldpeace” A. Essays by Rodney G. Peffer (Peffer) B. Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice (MMSJ) I –XXI (Essays) = Essays by other authors divided into Sections All ERES Readings are in my Phil. 462 ERES unless noted otherwise. * = An important component of my next book. Jan. 26 General Introduction to Course Jan. 31 Basics of Political Philosophy/ Peffer’s Theory of Social Justice The following 6 short essays...
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... PHILOSOPHY,SOCIOLOGY;PSYCHOLOGY AND BUSINESS CONSCIOUS CAPITALISM: Lecture: Josè Alarcòn EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Conscious Capitalism: A more complex form of Capitalism that hold within itself the possibility to enhancing corporate performance while contributing to advance billion peoples’ quality of life...or...just good business. When approaching to this “new” horizon we have to know that is not new...capitalism doesn’t involve avidity and disrespect, it just has been corrupted. When Kant and Montesquieu were talking about the reducing of conflict through commerce, they were talking about just good business. This is a really important thing that has to enlighten everyone while approaching to capitalism in general and, obviously, to Conscious Capitalism. This philosophical and economical theory has to be understood in all its details because it seems there are no trap this time, we have eroded our world till today but maybe tomorrow we can began to “reconstruct” it. In fact, now, we can see our reality and our future “on the shoulder of the giants” (passage from Bernard de Chartres) and of the other tall men that have kept thinking about what the giants saw and sad. We need a “new” focus, we need a wider one, a multiple stakeholder one...without forgetting we need more, wise stakeholder and wise stockholders. TABLES OF CONTENTS: * Executive summary…………………………………………………………………..2 * Table of contents……………………………………………………………………...
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...BMO5501 BUSINESS ETHICS AND SUSTAINABILITY Assignment 2 : Reflective Journal Page 1. Overview 2-3 2. Table of Contents a) Business Ethics 4-5 b) Sustainability 6-7 c) Capitalism 8 d) Corporate Social Responsibility 9-11 3. References 12 Overview The three main topics of the course, Ethics & Business Ethics, Sustainable Development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are very relevant in today’s business world. The phasing and sequencing of readings starting with Ethics, then to Sustainability and ending with CSR provides a good foundation to the business practices of CSR. Without the foundational understanding of Ethics normative theories and Sustainability phenomenon and issues, and the concepts of socialism, capitalism, corporate citizenship, the readings and eventual learning about the subject of CSR would be more superficial and spiritless. The 4 key normative ethical theories of Egoism, Utilitarianism, Kant’s, Rights have very different moral reasoning in judging what is right or wrong, good or bad. Egoism is very individualistic and consequentialist. Utilitarianism is also consequentialist but based upon the aggregated greatest number of well beings. The opposite of these two are non-consequentialist, one theory is based on the motives – Kant’s categorical imperative and second theory is based on Rights, human rights and natural rights. Each ethical theory has its valid...
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...Chapter 9 – Global Stratification Learning Objectives • Define social stratification and explain why it is sociologically significant. • Describe and provide examples of the four major systems of social stratification. • Discuss the relationship between gender and social stratification. • Describe the major points of disagreement between Karl Marx and Max Weber regarding the meaning of social class in industrialized societies. • As articulated by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, list the functions that social stratification provides for society. • Discuss Melvin Tumin's rebuttal to Davis and Moore's functionalist view of social stratification. • Explain the conflict perspective's view of social stratification as it relates to class conflict and scarce resources. • Evaluate Gerhard Lenski's attempt to synthesize the functionalist and conflict perspectives' views on social stratification. • Define ideology and understand how elite classes use it to maintain social stratification. • Compare the social stratification system in Great Britain and the former Soviet Union to the social stratification system in the United States. • Identify the major characteristics associated with the Most Industrialized Nations, Industrializing Nations, and Least Industrialized Nations. • Describe and evaluate the major theories pertaining to the origins of and maintenance of global stratification. Chapter Summary Social stratification...
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...Social Problems Presentation Review Racial and Ethnic Inequality Chapter 3 Summary: Racial and ethnic inequality is a social problem because it affects such a large number of people around the world. One way this can be seen is through prejudice which categories people based on age, sex, and social class. These can be good and bad. Institutional racism is a big deal today. Some companies will not hire a person simply because of their color or their sex. Another way to say this is racial discrimination which lets race or color impact a person’s ability to get a job. People like to think this doesn’t really happen when the harsh reality is that it happens all the time. Laws have been made to try and prevent this from happening but companies still practice it. Groups like the EEOC (equal employment opportunity commission) were created to enforce laws against discrimination in the work place. Some things we can do to change this is to look at person for their work ethic and quality and ignore the color of their skin or whether they are male or female. Through history we have tried to make everyone have the same standing in society which is called pluralism. We would take groups and “Americanize” them; you can see this in what we did to the Native Americans. Also we have segregated groups some by force, like the Jim Crow laws in the south, but others are by choice like the groups of the Amish. Reaction: In my life I have seen this happen on the news and in newspapers multiple...
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...Differences in Culture Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: McDonald’s in India INTRODUCTION WHAT IS CULTURE? Values and Norms Culture, Society, and the Nation-State The Determinants of Culture SOCIAL STRUCTURE Individuals and Groups Social Stratification Country Focus: Breaking India’s Caste System RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS Christianity Islam Country Focus: Islamic Capitalism in Turkey Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism Management Focus: DMG-Shanghai LANGUAGE Spoken Language Unspoken Language EDUCATION CULTURE AND THE WORKPLACE CULTURAL CHANGE FOCUS ON MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Cross-Cultural Literacy Culture and Competitive Advantage SUMMARY CRITICAL THINKING AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CLOSING CASE: Wal-Mart’s Foreign Expansion Learning Objectives 1. Know what is meant by the culture of a society. 2. Identify the forces that lead to differences in social culture. 4. Identify the business and economic implications of differences in culture. 5. Understand how differences in social culture influence values in the workplace. 6. Develop an appreciation for the economic and business implications of cultural change. Chapter Summary This chapter begins by introducing the concept of culture. The determinants of culture are identified, which include religion, political philosophy, economic philosophy, education...
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...sylabus Course: IP_357 Global Marketing Management System Online (GMSMO) International Business Program University of Economics, Prague October 12 – 15, 2011 Instructor: Dr. Basil J. Janavaras E-Mail: basilj@janavaras.com Web Sites http://www.gmmso3.com , http://www.janavaras.com Introduction This course utilizes web based software named GMMSO (Global Marketing Management System Online, http://www.gmmso3.com ) as the basis of instruction along with targeted lectures on international business strategic planning. GMMSO software is a global marketing/management research and strategic planning tool that will enable you to: • Conduct a company situation analysis in a global context • Identify countries with high market potential for the company’s product/service • Conduct and in-depth market/competitive analysis and select the best country market • Determine the best entry mode strategy and develop the marketing plan To this end, the course requires integration of knowledge from this and other courses and bridges the gap between theory and the real world of business. This module organizes learning around projects that involve students in problem-solving, decision making, and investigative activities. It provides students with the opportunity to work relatively autonomously and in groups culminating in the production of realistic reports that integrate managerial realism into the classroom. Users are provided with helpful tools such as step-by-step...
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...Theme Briefs sections of the Syllabus. Course Description and Overview This course explores ethical leadership as a framework for enterprise value creation in a complex environment of competing economic and moral claims. Students examine the intrinsic ethical challenges of leadership and the concept of a moral compass as a foundation for responding effectively to the ethical challenges of corporate citizenship and value creation in a competitive global economy. (2 credits) Syllabus Table of Contents Page Topic 2 Bibliography & Learning Resources 6 Calendar, Seminar Structure, Theme Briefs, Content 42 Seminar Preparation Toolkit 48 Learning Objectives, Graded Assignments, Deliverables 59 General Academic Policies 61 Supplemental Readings on Learning Theory bibliography learning resources ------------------------------------------------- Bibliography of Required and Suggested Readings Required: Appiah, Kwame (2010). The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen. New York & London: Norton. Chapters 1 & 5. Ariely, Dan (2012). “Why We...
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...PART 2 The Global Marketing Environment CHAPTER 2 The Global Economic Environment Case 2-1 The Global Economic Crisis I n his 1997 book One World, Ready or Not, William Greider described the United States as “the buyer of last resort.” Greider explained that, for many years, the United States was the only nation that was willing to absorb production surpluses exported by companies in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Greider asked: “Who will buy the surpluses when the United States cannot?” The conventional wisdom has long held that strong spending by consumers in other nations would keep the world economy humming. However, by 2008, Greider’s question was taking on a new urgency and the conventional wisdom was being tested. An economic crisis that had its roots in lax subprime mortgage lending practices began to spread around the globe. In the United States, where the crisis began, economic misery was widespread: The housing market collapsed, real estate values plummeted, credit tightened, and job growth slowed (see Exhibit 2-1). As the price of oil passed the $100 per barrel benchmark, the average price of a gallon of gasoline rose to $4. American consumers were, indeed, less willing and less able to buy. However, the crisis was not confined to the United States alone. Consumer-goods exporters in Asia, which Exhibit 2-1: The bursting of the global real estate bubble was only one aspect of the worst recession in decades. The ripple effects from the economic...
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...CHAPTER 1 GLOBALIZATION LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe the process of globalization and how it affects markets and production. 2. Identify the two forces causing globalization to increase. 3. Summarize the evidence for each main argument in the globalization debate. 4. Identify the types of companies that participate in international business. 5. Describe the global business environment and identify its four main elements. CHAPTER OUTLINE: Introduction International Business Involves Us All Technology Makes It Happen The Global Relay Race Globalization Globalization of Markets Reduces Marketing Costs Creates New Market Opportunities Levels Uneven Income Streams Yet Local Needs Are Important Globalization of Production Access Lower-Cost Workers Access Technical Expertise Access Production Inputs Forces Driving Globalization Falling Barriers to Trade and Investment World Trade Organization Regional Trade Agreements Trade Agreements and Trade Growth Technological Innovation E-mail and Videoconferencing Internet and World Wide Web Company Intranets and Extranets Advancements in Transportation Technologies Measuring Globalization Untangling the Globalization Debate Today’s Globalization in Context The Current Globalization Backlash Leaving the Anarchists Behind Before We Go On Globalization’s Impact on Jobs and Wages Globalization Costs Jobs and Lowers Wages Eliminates Jobs in Developed Nations Forces Wages Lower in Developed Countries ...
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