...How Does China’s Reemergence Impact the Current World’s Dynamics? * Background China’s reemergence In retrospect, there were three glorious dynasties of Han, Tang and Ming in China. During that time China took the leading position in economics, politics, culture, military and diplomacy. But after Ming dynasty China lost its leading position for a long time. Since the reform and opening-up in 1978, China’s reemergence of economics impresses the world substantially. In 2010, China witnessed GDP of 5,878.3 billion US dollars, which is at the second place just following United States 1. During the last decade, China moved from the being the ninth-largest exporter to the largest in the world. According to the Global Competitiveness Index 2011-2012 report, China’s global competitiveness index scored 4.90 and ranked 26 out of 142. The group performance of the developing world is boosted by the strong dynamics of some of the largest economies including China. At the meantime, China’s military power is also strengthened. From 1989 to 2010 China's official military budget increased by double digits every year 2. Based on above positive and negative facts, China’s reemergence really impacts the world’s dynamics in various dimensions. In general these impacts can be divided into areas including goods, technology, people, capital and culture. * China’s reemergence impacts world’s dynamics in different aspects Goods According the percentage distribution of Merchandise...
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...2.1: Country/Economy Profiles Mexico Key indicators, 2010 Population (millions)...............................................110.6 GDP (US$ billions)................................................1,039.1 GDP per capita (US$) .............................................9,566 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................2.09 GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1985–2010 15,000 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 Mexico Latin America and the Caribbean 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Global Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 142) Score (1–7) Stage of development 1 Factor driven Transition 1–2 GCI 2011–2012 ........................................................ 58......4.3 GCI 2010–2011 (out of 139)..................................................66........ 4.2 GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)..................................................60........ 4.2 Basic requirements (38.6%)...............................................67........ 4.6 Institutions...........................................................................103........ 3.4 Infrastructure........................................................................66........ 4.0 Macroeconomic environment ...........................................39........ 5.2 Health and primary education...........................................69........ 5.7 2 Efficiency driven Transition 2–3 3 Innovation driven Institutions...
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...APPLICATION OF CAGE DISTANCE FRAMEWORK - AN ANALYSIS OF KENYA AND RUSSIA SUBMITTED BY: YULIA BEREZINA SUBMITTED TO PROF. DANIELE CERRATO MATHIAS KOSKE DAVIDE NICHETTI VANESSA ZERRATE 11TH FEB. 2015 1 Foreign investment can be particularly challenging. In order get it right, the use of tools and evaluations is critical. In this document, based on the CAGE framework, we analyze distances between Russia and Kenya, and assess how they impact business establishment and operations in the latter. One of the most important things to take into account is the culture. We noticed that the two countries have very distinct and diverse cultural dimensions. They do not have a common language i.e. Russia has Russian as it official language while Kenya has English and Swahili, or have any shared ethnicity despite Russia having 185 and Kenya 42 ethnic groups. Religious disparities are also evident in these two economies. The Russians are largely unbelievers with the Russian Orthodox being the dominant religion whereas Kenyans are largely Christians. Despite these differences, the Muslim population in both countries is significantly represented but their marginalization makes them insignificant on an investment front. Finally, the social norms and values in both countries are quite similar, with the similar concepts of family, societal upbringing and gender roles. When evaluating both countries at the administrative level we encounter that they do not share a...
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...A Short Report On EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS SUB INDEX (Comparison between INDIA and CHINA ) Submitted by P.Anila INTRODUCTION The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) every year report will published by the World Economic Forum. The first report was released in 1979. The 2009-2010 report covers 133 major and emerging economies, down from 134 considered in the 2008-2009 report as Moldova was excluded due to lack of survey data. Switzerland leads the ranking as the most competitive economy in the world, as the United States, which ranked first for several years, fell to fourth place due to the consequences of the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and its macroeconomic instability. China continues its relative rise in the rankings reaching 27th. The report "assesses the ability of countries to provide high levels of prosperity to their citizens. This in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources. Therefore, the Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity. The WEF defines competitiveness as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of a country. More competitive economies tend to be able to produce higher level of income for their citizens. Global Competitiveness shows the ability of a country...
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...2.1: Country/Economy Profiles Finland Key indicators, 2012 Population (millions) .......................................... 5.4 GDP (US$ billions) ........................................ 250.1 GDP per capita (US$) ................................. 46,098 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total ............ 0.24 GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1990–2012 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Finland Advanced economies Global Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 148) Score (1–7) Stage of development 1 Factor driven Transition 1–2 GCI 2013–2014 ........................................................ 3 ..... 5.5 GCI 2012–2013 (out of 144) ....................................... 3 ......5.5 GCI 2011–2012 (out of 142) ....................................... 4 ......5.5 2 Efficiency driven Institutions Transition 2–3 3 Innovation driven Basic requirements (20.0%) .........................................7 ......6.0 Institutions .................................................................. 1 ......6.1 Infrastructure ............................................................ 21 ......5.6 Macroeconomic environment ................................... 36 ......5.4 Health and primary education ..................................... 1 ......6.8 Innovation Business sophistication 7 6 5 4 3 2 Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training...
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...Assignment 4.2/International Business 10/20/13 National American University Heather Morris The impact of globalization on labor markets has re-emerged as an important policy issue, reflecting the broader public debate about the interrelated concerns of downward pressure on wages, increased job insecurity, and jobs moving from OECD countries to developing countries with lower wages. Two relatively recent phenomena are at play here. One is the accelerating participation in world trade of many developing and transition countries, particularly the large, vastly populated economies of China and India. These countries’ increased trade and foreign direct investment have, according to some estimates, contributed to a fourfold rise in the effective global labor force over the past two decades. The second phenomenon is that the nature of globalization is changing. Technological advances, and particularly sharp reductions in communication and coordination costs, have allowed the emergence of global supply chains that are increasingly fragmented geographically. To feed these supply chains, international trade is Increasingly in intermediate inputs rather than in final goods and services or commodities. Moreover, often these intermediate inputs are business services that were previously nontradable but are now, with technological advances, tradable. This type of international trade, whether in services or other intermediate inputs, is referred to as offshoring. Here...
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...2.1: Country/Economy Profiles Russian Federation Key indicators, 2013 Population (millions) ...................................... 142.9 GDP (US$ billions) ..................................... 2,118.0 GDP per capita (US$) ................................. 14,819 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total ............ 2.94 GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1990–2013 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Russian Federation Commonwealth of Independent States 2012 Global Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 144) Score (1–7) Stage of development 1 Factor driven Transition 1–2 GCI 2014–2015 ...................................................... 53 ..... 4.4 GCI 2013–2014 (out of 148) ..................................... 64 ......4.2 GCI 2012–2013 (out of 144) ..................................... 67 ......4.2 GCI 2011–2012 (out of 142) ..................................... 66 ......4.2 2 Efficiency driven Transition 2–3 3 Innovation driven Basic requirements (25.5%) .......................................44 ......4.9 Institutions ................................................................ 97 ......3.5 Infrastructure ............................................................ 39 ......4.8 Macroeconomic environment ................................... 31 ......5.5 Health and primary education ................................... 56 ......6.0 Innovation Business sophistication Institutions 7 6...
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...2013 Shared Services Centers Investment Potential of Macedonia, Serbia and Albania Apostoloski Nenad EMBA 2013 3/28/2013 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................ 5 CURRENT LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................. 6 MACEDONIA .............................................................................................................................................. 7 SERBIA ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 ALBANIA .................................................................................................................................................... 8 MARKET POTENTIAL ................................................................................................................................... 10 . FACTORS OF COMPETITIVENESS ........................................................................................
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...Part A 1) The first key learning point that I found to be particularly interesting and valuable was “How to start a business”. I found this point to be very interesting for starting a business has and continues to be a dream of mine. Within this category were sub- categories such as: business startup strategy, the right business for you, knowing your industry before you start your business, and estimating realistic startup cost. Although all very intriguing, I found the category on business startup strategies to be the most important for it gave the basics on how to start up a business, something that I didn’t know before The second key learning point that I found to be very interesting was where to start and what to do when “Buying a business”. I found this to be very interesting because if I can’t start a business, buying one would be the next best thing. Categories within this learning point included planning for purchasing a business, questions to ask when buying a business, knowing what you’re getting, and how to figure out what a business is worth. The last key learning point that I found to be very interesting while browsing the website was possibly more important than the first two learning points, “How to write a business plan”. Through the links in this category including: a standard business plan outline, different types of plans for businesses, what a business plan is, what makes a good plan, mistakes that can be made, a simpler plan for starting up a business and...
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...International competitiveness 2016 Assignment about National Competitiveness Based on World Economic Forum Report and Doing Business Report THE INDONESIA CASE MAIN SOURCES: * World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016 * World Bank, Doing Business Report 2015-2016 * “The Economist” * “The Age” * “CNBC, World Economy” * “Indonesia-Investments” LORENZO TRABACCHI 4502720 INDONESIA: A CASE OF COMPETITIVENESS The World Economic Forum approach: Indonesia case Overview According to the WEF Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016, Indonesia has an overall position of 37 out of 140 countries, with a score of 4.52 from 1 to 7 and a positive trend line which shows the evolution in percentile rank since 2007. Even the rank among 2014-2015 economies was 37, while the GCI 2014-2015 rank was 34 out of 144 economies. The graph here, shows that, the GDP per capita in Indonesia, since 1990 to 2014, had always grown in parallel with but more than the average of other countries in the same regional area (Emerging and Developing Asia). Since 2012-2013, Indonesia has always grown in terms of GCI, moving from the 50th to the 37th position with a score shifted from 4.4 to 4.5. Overall position of the country in the regional area Behind Singapore (2nd), the five largest members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)—namely Malaysia (18th, up two), Thailand (32nd, down one), Indonesia (37th, down four), the...
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...There are three sections to differ the economy system used between Angola and Switzerland which are: * Index of economy freedom * Gross National Income and Gross Domestic Product * DHL Global Competitiveness Index 2013-2014. 1. Index of economy freedom Angola According to the 2014 Index of Economy Freedom, Angola listed as 160th out of 178 countries that are under observation. With total score is 47.7, this nation has a lot of troubles in term of rule of law, open market and government spending. In law, the government uncontrolled the corruption cases and it might become the barrier for international investors to contribute Angola’s wealth because it is risky to set up the business inside the distrust government. For evidence, the corruption perception index 2012 stated that Angola ranked as 22nd country most corrupt. Besides, this country got low score in term of property right which is 15. Based on the information, Angola is one of the strong socialism countries due the government control the income of the business and fail to reform the economy since the weak rule of law and trade freedom. Same with other socialism nations, the government ignore the opinion from their citizens. In fact, the labor freedom score in 2013 was 44.8, less 15.9 point from the average Index of economic freedom while the freedom of the press was under depression as ranked 157th out of 197 nations. Therefore the policy of “property is held in common and not individually, and relationships...
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...higher return. However, resulted from the studies segment, there is not an exact theory or study can be regarded as guidelines for these internationalizing firms. Overall, Michael Porter’s theory on national completive advantage is a better theory to be adopted by the international firms which want to select a better country for new entry. The dominance of Porter’s theory are its comprehensiveness, the dynamic Diamond theoretical system and analysis form both inductive and deductive sides. Meanwhile, it is at a disadvantage in its assumption. Thus, this essay will explore both sides of Porter’s theory. Porter's model includes four key elements. The Diamond model is depicted as figure 1, where the four forces jointly constitute a firm's global competitiveness in a given industry ( Porter,1990) Source: Porter (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations. The first element of the model is known as factor endowments, which is the centre of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory (Hill, 2013).Porter subdivided factors into basic factors (e.g. natural resources and location) and advance ones (e.g. technology infrastructure and skilled labor). Although the limited basic factors can cause an initial disadvantage, more advanced factor conditions in the home market will positively...
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...“Creativity plays an important role in economic competitiveness of advanced economies” Introduction This report will look at how the concept of creativity and innovation are significant to Asos and what stimulates Asos to implement creativity and innovation into their operations. The report will also discuss challenges that the business is facing to sustain a competitive edge and how Asos organizational culture foster creativity and innovation in the workplace. To finalize the report a comprehensive conclusion will be discussed whether creativity and innovation play an important role in economic competitiveness of advanced economies. “ASOS is a global online fashion and beauty retailer and offers on the ASOS.com website over 50,000 branded and own label product lines across womenswear, menswear, footwear, accessories, jewellery and beauty with approximately 1,500 new product lines being introduced each week.” (1) Managing change in organizations Businesses within the 21st century are faced with constant change which affects the traditional organisational structure and the way people work, which forces companies to be highly adaptable to unforeseen changes. For example change within Asos helps them to identify the areas of their strong and weak points, which enhances their productivity and efficiency. Change aids to predict challenges that could affect Asos operations by reacting to it effectively in terms of how big and radical the change is and how many parts of...
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...International Business Review 7 (1998) 135–150 A generalized double diamond approach to the global competitiveness of Korea and Singapore H. Chang Moona,*, Alan M. Rugmanb, Alain Verbekec a Graduate Institute for International & Area Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742, South Korea b Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 5NY, UK c Solvay Business School, University of Brussels (V.U.B.), Brussels, Belgium Abstract Globalization is very important for small economies such as Korea and Singapore. The single diamond model (Porter, 1990, The competitive advantage of nations) suggests some important determinants for a nation’s global competitiveness. However, this model is incomplete, mainly because it does not incorporate multinational activities. A new approach, the generalized double diamond model (Moon et al., 1995, in Research in global strategic management: Volume 5: Beyond the diamond) offers some important extensions to Porter’s original model. To test the validity of these two models this paper evaluates relevant data for both domestic and international variables in the case of Korea and Singapore. The results generally support the generalized double diamond model © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: International competitiveness; Double diamond; Porter’s single diamond; Korea; Singapore; Small open economies 1. Introduction In his famous book, The competitive advantage of nations, Porter (1990) studied eight...
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...Competitive Advantage of Nations (The Free Press, 1990), “The Microeconomic Foundations of Economic Development,” (with C Ketels, M Delgado) in The Global Competitiveness Report 2006, (World Economic Forum, 2005), “Clusters and the New Competitive Agenda for Companies and Governments” in On Competition (Harvard Business School Press, 1998), and the Cluster Initiative Greenbook (Ivory Tower, 2004) by C Ketels, O Solvell, and G Lindqvist. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise - without the permission of the author. Additional information may be found at the website of the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, www.isc.hbs.edu The Changing Nature of International Competition • Falling restraints to trade and investment • Globalization of markets • Globalization of value chains • Shift from vertical integration to relying on outside suppliers, partners, and institutions • Increasing knowledge and skill intensity of competition • Nations and regions compete on becoming the most productive locations for business European Cluster Policy 01-22-08 CK 2 Copyright 2008 © Michael E. Porter Outline • The role of clusters in overall competitiveness • How clusters work • The impact of clusters on regional prosperity and innovation • Cluster policy • Some implications for Europe European Cluster Policy 01-22-08 CK 3 ...
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