...the Indonesian Parliament passed a new Mining Law (Law No. 4/2009) with two major aspects, which have caused a dampening effect on foreign investment in the resources sector. • Starting from Jan 2014: Export of raw unprocessed minerals is prohibited, requiring mining companies to process and refine their product in Indonesia before exporting • Before the export ban really comes into force… From 2012 to Jan 2014: High export tax imposed on exported raw ore --- an average additional export tax of 20% on “base price”, on 14 mineral ore exports including copper, gold and nickel. ★ the export tax for certain concentrates will even rise to 60% by the latter half of 2016 Government aims to… React to Increased Resource Nationalization: The global trend of increased resource nationalization is pushing up the costs of mining for international companies and giving governments in emerging market countries more cash and clout. The stated purpose of this mandatory in-country processing requirement is to follow the global trend and nationalize mining and metal processing within Indonesia. The regulation encourages local processing in order to increase the value of the minerals for export and preserve the country’s resource supplies. It is also supposed to be a way to entice miners into processing their ore locally and so that to create more job opportunities for domestic economy growth. Consequences: Hard times for mining companies, domestic economy, and international...
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...The mining industry is one of the world’s greatest international industries and it is a very high health hazard business. Due to the economic and environmental impacts, the mining industry is one of the most complex industries. The development of the mining industry is evident but unethical (Cragg & Greenbaum 2002). However, the lack of business ethics has contributed to the re-development of the mining business in today’s economic climate. Corporations such as CSR indicated how unethical behaviors aimed at the interest of the shareholders, the state and the environment (Campbell 2012). This has affected the operations of their business and the sociological impact which coincides with the global business standard codex (GBSC) (Campbell 2011). The purpose of this essay is to examine the ethical point and performance of the mining industry concerning risky employment, child labor, corruption and health and safety of workers in rising countries using three ethical principles of the global business standards codex (GBSC). Global ethics is important because the use of standardized ethical principles within the companies will form a single standard and generally increase the business conduct of employees within the mining industry (Campbell 2011). The code of the business conduct sets out standards that the mining industry must obey to as guiding its business and includes environment protection, occupational health and safety, confidentiality, equal employment opportunity and commitment...
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...Mining is the extraction of minerals and metals from earth. Manganese, tantalum, cassiterite, copper, tin, nickel, bauxite , iron ore, gold, silver, and diamonds are just some examples of what is mined. By packing a lot of air, water, and fuel into a rocket before firing it into an orbit is the least efficient way to get these things into space. This will be very expensive and time consuming. A better way to get all the resources you will need is to extract everything you will need wherever you go and one way NASA is doing that is by robots. Robotic mining was held on Earth and NASA is going to hold and annual Robotic Mining Competition. The mining progress is difficult because we can generally sense where resources are concentrated. NASA...
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... Papadopoulos & Line Groenvold October 2014 1 Table of Contents What is Workforce Planning? ......................................................................................................... 3 History of workforce planning ..................................................................................................... 3 The importance of workforce planning ........................................................................................ 4 Implementation of workforce planning ........................................................................................ 5 Application to the Western Australian Mining Industry .............................................................. 8 Workforce Planning Needed to Account for a Dynamic Environment ..................................... 10 Dealing with the challenges involved in workforce planning .................................................... 12 References ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Appendix A ................................................................................................................................... 17 Appendix B .................................................................................
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...Nonferrous products, Energy products. 10,000 employees and contractors profits of $13 billion (June 2010) world’s largest mining company measured by revenue world's third-largest company measured by market capitalization – value of $165 billion (June 2010) WHY CHINA & POTASH Mining industry potential China is rich in natural mineral resources and are widely deposited throughout all provinces. In fact due to the industry and the construction sector, China’s natural resources account for 48.6% of China’s GDP. However the lack of adequate, advanced technologies, hinder the development of the mining industry and as a result, most of China's mineral potential remains unexploited. An abundance of non-metallic mineral deposits China is one of the few countries in the world that contains a wide range of non-metallic mineral deposits. China has vast quantities of over 5000 non-metallic mineral reserves, one of which is Potash. China has a great demand for natural resources After joining the WTO, China became the world’s largest producer of manufactured goods. China requires massive amounts of minerals and natural resources for continued industrial growth. China is one of the world’s largest consumers of Potash. Potash is a globally traded commodity, primarily used in the manufacture of fertilizers for use in agriculture. The global demand for potash continues to rise...
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...Mining For over centuries, fossil fuels and minerals, which are unrenewable resources and took millions of year to produce under pressure, have played an important roles as raw materials to create human supplies such as: transports, building houses, technology and up to Medicine. However, as the world population is expanding every year, people has depleting an excessive amount of it to satisfied their demands without concerning the impact of their behaviors on the environment. Mining minerals and gold is one of the act that depleting natural resources. Global warming and losing of habitats are the outcome that cause by two type of mining: Strip mining and Underground mining. For better understanding, Strip mining is surface mining by excavate soil and rock for extract underground minerals, which result in destruction and deforestation. Underground mining is a type of mining that allow to extract deeper coal underground. It’s often view to be less destructive than surface mining, but it still cause a major damage to environment. (Green Peace, 2010) One global aftermath that contaminate on environment are dam spill or acid mine drainage (AMD). For mining case, Dam is something that was built to stored toxic waste from mining forever. Acid mine drainage is when the dam spill and toxic waste from mining that were reserved, leak into the water, land surface and evaporate into the air. This issue resulted in damage soil, toxic air and polluted ...
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...MINING INDUSTRY IN CONGO - DRC MINING INDUSTRY IN CONGO- DRC The Democratic Republic of the Congo (abbreviated DR Congo or DRC), previously known as Zaire, is rich in resources. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is home to vast reserves of a wide variety of natural resources – primary among them being metals such as cobalt, copper, gold and precious stones, including diamonds. DRC is believed to contain around 4% of the world‟s copper reserves and one-third of its cobalt reserves. The mining industry, like the rest of the economy in the central African nation, had suffered due to an unstable political environment, coupled with widespread strife caused by the six-year civil war that ended in 2003. However, there are indications that investors are now willing to discount the political risk premium of investing in the DRC, given the high prices of minerals on global markets, and therefore the potential of holding mineral rights within the country. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Africa's largest nation, has abundant mineral resources including, cobalt, copper, gold and diamonds. A majority of the mineral resources are concentrated in the southern and eastern provinces of the nation. The DRC is the world's largest producer of cobalt. However, the production of cobalt is not expected to chart an exceptional growth path, with many small mining players switching from the metal to copper. Constrained supply and political instability are pushing up cobalt prices...
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...Is there a reality of workers human rights in the Zambian copper mining industry? And if so, what is the challenges non- governmental organisations face in upholding these rights? With the rapid increase in the globalisation of developing countries, the growing relationship between China and African development has been debated. ‘China is either seen as benign or malign to African development efforts’ but there is question as to whether focus should be on Chinese firms , the governments within these nations or non-governmental organisations. Some would argue that multinational enterprises (MNE’s) must adhere to some sort of “corporate responsibility”, but who do they answer to? Or do we look for accountability in a CEO of a Zambian mining company who believes that; ‘the idea of wealth in the ground anywhere in the world belonging to all citizens is a bit mushy for hardnosed business men’? In this dilemma a legitimate source of governance is required, however the challenge we face in legitimacy is ‘the participation of civil society in some fashion as well as the state’. This factor measures whether non-governmental organisations (NGO’s) can function within the global community and more importantly to this proposal, whether those NGO’s active in Zambia can be held accountable for the rights of workers in the country’s copper mining industry. Human rights watch recorded the plea of a drill operator ‘who would just have to do [his] job no matter how unsafe’ or threats of sacking...
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...year (Stewart 2012). BHP's job cuts is accompanied by other global mining companies such as Rio Tinto to confront a retrogressive market with falling industrial commodity prices and increasing costs. The future of Australia's mining boom which is largely dependent on Chinese demand for commodities driven by its economic growth is of particular concern (Stewart 2012). Application of Concepts Both economic environment and the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be demonstrated in this article. In particular, the nature of BHP's mining business, which is regarded as a significant contributor to Australian economy (Maddock and McLean 1987) determines its need to pay close attention to the opportunities and threats posed by the global economic environment (Blainey 2003). For example, slowdown in China's economic growth and recent European economic recession have impact on Australia's resource exports (Stevens 2012). The Australian mining industry which has once benefited from the surge in demand driven by the rapid growth of emerging economies in Asia since 2003 and the shortage of global supply (Stevens 2012) is now facing a difficult period signaled by the drop of China's GDP growth from 10 per cent to a mere 8 per cent (Connolly and Orsmond 2011). China's demand for resources has declined as a result of its slowdown in industrialisation and urbanisation, causing a significant decrease in global steel prices and thus a huge downward influence on BHP's profits...
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...www.miningsecurityforum.com & MINING SECURITY CRISIS MANAGEMENT FORUM 2014 12-13 November Taj Cape Town South Africa Supported by: Gold Sponsor: Sponsors: Exhibitor Sponsor: Organised by: ABOUT THE SUMMIT MINING SECURITY & CRISIS MANAGEMENT FORUM 2014 | 12-13 NOVEMBER 2014 | CAPE TOWN The mining sector in the developing world is growing rapidly, but As global resources dwindle, companies are venturing into ever associated new risk and threat environment is crucial to the equipment and valuable minerals from mines, work place violence and and tested crisis management planning Terrorism across Africa is a growing concern, in 2013 the mining world was shocked by the deadly on the Areva mine in Niger, The Mining Security & Crisis Management Forum will address Managing and being highly alert to the insider opportunity to with industry a rise Security Survey 2013 found that 41% of the mining and metals 2 Mining Security & Crisis Management 2014 Forum SPEAKERS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Security • • • • MEDIA PARTNERS FireSpec Systems AFIMAC Global Control Risks Mwana Africa Vale (Mozambique) De Beers Namibia Debswana Diamond Co. Exxaro Resources Vale Brazil Antwerp World Diamond Centre (AWDC) De Beers Consolidated Mines Newmont Mining Mining Security & Crisis Management 2014 Forum 3 DAY 1 | WEDNESDAY 12TH NOVEMBER 2014 • • • • • • • • • mining industry • • • • • • • • P •...
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...contributed to Canada’s economic prosperity like the mining industry. As the sector continues to grow, so does Canada’s reputation as one of the world’s leading mining nations. Canada is one of the world’s top producers of major commodities such as uranium, nickel, cobalt, and more. With a pullback in performance over the past years, I expect the industry to rebound, as economic growth in China and the United States will increase resource demand. Despite the positive outlook, this is still a highly controversial industry. Many key drawbacks such as pollution, low employment, and high level of risk have made the mining world a highly criticized industry. The sector plays a crucial role in the economic, social and environmental stability of the country, making it a focal point for the government. Both industry participants and the government must work together to improve and stabilize the mining industry for British Columbia. This report is divided into 3 sections: • Section I outlines the history of the industry, leading up to the present. • Section II, which will provide an overview of the current state of British Columbia’s mining industry, includes the industry’s size, major players, and contribution to the economy. • Section III presents disadvantages of the sector, as well as efforts of restoration. Section 1: History Ranging back to the mid 19th century, British Columbia has been one of the most recognized mining regions around the world. In the 1950’s, gold...
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...| CASE 2 | Fortescue Metals Group: The new force in iron ore | ABC 9/12/2011 | Contents Introduction 1 Analyzing the external environment 1 Demographic 1 Economic 1 Socio-culture 2 Political-legal 2 Global 2 Technological 2 External environment conclusion 2 Industry analysis 3 Profit pool 3 Porter five forces 3 Threat of new entry 3 Bargaining power of suppliers 4 Bargaining power of buyers 4 Threat of substitute products 4 Rivalry among competing firms 4 Industry analysis conclusion 4 Competitor analysis 4 Analyzing the internal environment 5 Tangible resources 5 Intangible resources 6 Value chain analyzing 6 Capabilities 6 Core competencies 7 Weaknesses 7 Current strategy 7 Future strategy 8 Concluding remarks 8 References 9 Introduction Fortescue Metals Group: The new force in iron ore is a new company in the Australia with new vision. It was founded in 2003 with the aim of lowest cost producer in order to complete with large players of industry. Its main customer is China. Its lowest cost structure is main reason behind getting huge business from china. It had to faced many challenges in the industry but its strong policies supported company to make its distinct position in the industry Analyzing the external environment Every business/ company has external environment with some positive and negative points. Below is the analysis of Fortescue external environment. Demographic According to information...
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...1 MINING INDUSTRY - OVERVIEW AND RISKS FACTORS Definition of the Industry The mining industry encompasses a wide range of companies involved in different supply chain positions that represent exploration, development, extraction, processing, refining and sale of minerals and coal. With respect to the diverse set of business factors that affect the mining process, the business risk rating for the mining industry would be best qualified in terms of a credit rating of BBB (low). The justification for this rating follows: a) Higher than average profitability of the industry – related to the need to provide adequate returns on large capital investments b) Threat of competitors is about on the same level as other industries – based on multiple suppliers and buyers and the prevalence of homogenous products (nonbranded) c) Inherent volatility in earnings and underlying cash flows – due to volatile pricing of commodity products and responsiveness to economic cycles d) Above average and increasing prospect of industry regulation e) Above average and uncertain political risk – industry players have to pursue operations where mineral resources are found and in many cases this would include politically unstable regions f) Below average technology risks – due to the basic nature of the materials produced and licensing production technologies and methods among players in the industry 2 The BBB rating is applicable only to industry players...
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...1. SOUTH AFRICA: NATIONALISATION AND THE MINING SECTOR As of late, the political atmosphere has been clouded with varying judgements on the great issue of whether South African mines should be nationalised or not. The camp in favour of nationalisation, Former President of ANC Youth League, Julius Malema echoes the words of the Freedom Charter in that “The National Wealth of our country… the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and the monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people as a whole”. The camp not in favour sees this vision in a different light. Nonetheless, this essay investigates the feasibility of nationalising the country’s mining sector from both a theoretical and empirical stand point. 2. WHERE IT’S ALL STARTED Nationalisation of mines has been called for in order to give back to the country as the government will have direct control over the sector. This, they believe, will present more employment opportunities, better working conditions for miners, a more efficient distribution of income and overall improvement in service delivery. Julius Malema (the main instigator behind the call for nationalisation), proposes that the state take a controlling share of 60% in all private mines, all which will be managed by a state owned mining firm (LeadershipOnline, n.d). According to Malema, nationalisation will achieve the following: ➢ Increase the State’s budget for social development objectives; ➢ Be a basis from which the...
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...Mining scam in India (colloquially Indian mining scam) is a series of widespread scams in various ore-rich states of India, and has generated controversy, which spans encroachment of forest areas, underpayment of government royalties, conflict with tribals regarding land-rights[citation needed]. The spill-over of the effects of legal mining into problems such as Naxalism and the distortion of Indian democracy by mixed political and mining interests, has gained international attention.[1][2] The latest scam that has come out is the Coal Mining Scam in which Government has had a presumable conservative loss Rs1.86 trillion (short scale), due to the delayed implementation of competitive bidding process for allotment of coal blocks, says the CAG. Illegal iron ore mining in Karnataka[edit] Rising global iron-ore prices driven by Chinese demand brought focus to the iron ore rich Bellary region of Karnataka. This iron ore is alleged to have been illegally mined after paying a minuscule royalty to the government. The major regularities involve mines in Bellary, including those of Obulapuram Mining Company owned byG. Karunakara Reddy and G. Janardhana Reddy who were ministers in the Government of Karnataka at the time.[3] Investigation by Income Tax Department[edit] Income tax sleuths unearthed under-invoicing and tax evasion of around Rs 86 crore by the Obulapuram Mining Company (OMC), run by Karnataka's Reddy brothers and also their trusted confidante and state health minister B...
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