...You have just witness “bro science” in action. It’s wellintended. It can also be deadly. The difference between 5 grams and 5 micrograms, depending on the substance, can indeed be the difference between life and death. Where should one get such information? From qualified sources, of course. Not from your bro. Want to know about proper dosage? Look in the medical literature and find out what dosages have been shown through experimentation to render the desired effects. Want to know about a proper manufacturing method? Then you need to read technical manuals written by actual engineers. As much as possible, I’ve pointed you to more qualified sources of information than myself throughout this guide. I’ve deliberately left out information about dosages in order to force you to use this as a starting point rather than a definitive resource. At the same time, I’m obviously encouraging DIY experimentation. Allow me to clear up the apparent contradiction. See, I intend for this report to be, among other things, a bit of a shot across the bow of the troubled ship that is the nutritional supplement industry. Here’s a field that can do so much good but that exhibits so little true innovation. When anyone can privatelabel the same substandard supplements everyone else is selling and “win with better marketing,” it doesn’t seem there’s much incentive to raise the bar. The best way to shake up such a market is to educate the buyers. When consumers are aware of...
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...Syner-Tech & Phyto-Alkatech contains the highest level of anti-oxidants with approximately 22,000 phyto-nutrients in one product. PHYTO-ALKATECH A powerful complex of natural Alkaline ingredients designed to enhance the Alkalinity of this formulation and also protect and neutralize possible acid damage when it reaches the stomach. Thus preserving the purity and potency of this breakthrough NATURA-CEUTICALS. SYNER-TECH Embodies the Science & Technology of the Combined Complimentary and Synergistic Effects of Nature’s Most Powerful elements and Phyto-chemical Nutrients. It has been proven over the years that many anti-oxidants are better taken with other anti-oxidants providing a more enhanced effects as compared to taking them alone. Each Capsule Contains: + 29 Vitamins & Minerals (Vitamin A, C, D, E, K, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folic Acid, Calcium, Iron, Iodine, Magnesium, Zinc, Selenium, etc.) + 12 Whole Fruit Juice Blend (Cranberry, Blueberry, Strawberry, Blackberry, Bilberry, Cherry, Plum, Apricot, Papaya,Orange, Grape, Pineapple) + 12 Whole Vegetables Juice Blend (Parsley, Kale, Spinach, Wheat Grass, Brussels, Asparagus, Garlic, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Beet, Carrot, Cabbage) + 14 Green Foods / Spirulina Blend (Spirulina, Alfalfa, Barley grass, Wheat grass, Lemon grass, Dandelion, Melissa, Nettle, Blessed Thistle, Plantain, Cilantro, Blue and Green Algae, Chlorella) + 12 Organic Mushrooms (Cordyceps, Reishi, Shitake, Hiratake...
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...Toxicology and Industrial Health http://tih.sagepub.com Mercury vapor inhalation and its effect on glutathione peroxidase in goldsmiths exposed occupationally K. Jayaprakash Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 25; 463 originally published online Jul 31, 2009; DOI: 10.1177/0748233709106769 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tih.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/25/7/463 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Toxicology and Industrial Health can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tih.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tih.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Citations http://tih.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/25/7/463 Downloaded from http://tih.sagepub.com at SAGE Publications on November 9, 2009 Mercury vapor inhalation and its effect on glutathione peroxidase in goldsmiths exposed occupationally K Jayaprakash Toxicology and Industrial Health 25(7) 463–465 ª The Author(s) 2009 Reprints and permission: http://www. sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermission.nav DOI: 10.1177/0748233709106769 tih.sagepub.com Abstract In the gold ornaments manufacturing cottage industries, the gold metal grain dust waste particles are recovered from mercury (Hg) amalgam. The results on air samples from these industries during the recovery process have shown a high prevalence of Hg vapor (42.7 mg/m3). The blood concentration...
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...navigation, search An antioxidant is a molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals, which start chain reactions that damage cells). Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves. As a result, antioxidants are often reducing agents such as thiols, ascorbic acid or polyphenols.[1] Although oxidation reactions are crucial for life, they can also be damaging; hence, plants and animals maintain complex systems of multiple types of antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and various peroxidases. Low levels of antioxidants, or inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes, cause oxidative stress and may damage or kill cells. As oxidative stress might be an important part of many human diseases, the use of antioxidants in pharmacology is intensively studied, particularly as treatments for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is unknown whether oxidative stress is the cause or the consequence of disease. Antioxidants are also widely used as ingredients in dietary supplements in the hope of maintaining health and preventing diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease. Although initial studies suggested that...
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...ANNUAL REVIEWS Further Quick links to online content Ann. Rev. PharmacoL ToxicoL Copyright © 1983 1983. 23:87-101 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved THE TREATMENT OF ACETAMINOPHEN Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1983.23:87-101. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Queen Mary & Westfield on 03/14/11. For personal use only. POISONING L. F. Prescott and J. A. J. H Critchley Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre, and University Department of Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH3 9YW, Scotland INTRODUCTION Acetaminophen (paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, 4-hydroxyacetani lide) is a non-prescription antipyretic analgesic that was first introduced into clinical medicine towards the end of the last century (1). It attracted little interest until it was found to be the major metabolite of both acetani lide and phenacetin (2, 3) and in recent years it has become an increasingly popular substitute for aspirin. Acetaminophen seemed to be remarkably safe when taken in recommended doses and formal toxicity studies were never carried out. In 1964 Eder (4) first reported liver damage in cats given 25-50 mglKg of acetaminophen daily for 26 weeks, and two years later Boyd & Bereczky described extensive hepatic necrosis in acute toxicity studies in rats (5). At the same time liver damage was first reported in man following acetaminophen overdosage (6, 7). The use of acetaminophen for self-poisoning has since...
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...interacting is important for controlling developmental timing in C. elegans. Material and Methods: MagneGST™ Pull-Down System (purchased from the Promega Catalog), which includes the below listed components: * Methionine * RQ1 RNase-Free DNase * Nuclease-Free Water * MagneGST™ Cell Lysis Reagent * MagneGST™ Glutathione Particles * MagneGST™ Binding/Wash Buffer * TnT® T7 Quick Master Mix These components can be purchased from the Promega catalog as well; * E. coli KC8 strain (hsdR, leuB600, trpC9830, pyrF::Tn5, hisB463,lacΔX74, strA, galU,K, lac) * Agarose gel * Gel electrophoresis ladder * 2X SDS gel loading buffer * Western blot reagents The following components will be synthesized in our lab: * Appropriate GST vector containing coding sequences for lin-66 * F58E10.3 prey protein obtained from C. elegans DNA Experimental Plan: To show the protein F58E10.3 binds to LIN-66, we will test their interaction in a GST pull-down assay (Einarsen, 2001; Promega Corporation, 2007). To do so we will have to; * Clone a lin-66 bait protein into a vector containing a GST (glutathione-S-transferase) tag and the appropriate elements for growth plus protein expression in E. coli. * Establish the GST bait fusion protein is being...
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...space present an enormous challenge for the biological safety of astronauts. A deleterious effect of radiation is the production of reactive oxygen species, which result in damage to biomolecules (e.g., lipid, protein, amino acids, and DNA). Understanding free radical biology is necessary for designing an optimal nutritional countermeasure against space radiation–induced cytotoxicity. Free radicals (e.g., superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radicals) and other reactive species (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and hypochlorous acid) are produced in the body, primarily as a result of aerobic metabolism. Antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, arginine, citrulline, taurine, creatine, selenium, zinc, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, and tea polyphenols) and antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidases) exert synergistic actions in scavenging free radicals. There has been growing evidence over the past three decades showing that malnutrition (e.g., dietary deficiencies of protein, selenium, and zinc) or excess of certain nutrients (e.g., iron and vitamin C) gives rise to the oxidation of biomolecules and cell injury. A large body of the literature supports the notion that dietary antioxidants are useful radioprotectors and play an important role in preventing many human diseases (e.g., cancer,...
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...Kava Not Only A Relaxant But Also Helps With Muscle Growth, Which Can Benefit an Entire Economy. Christopher Hruby Plants and Civi Section 2 Christopher Hruby Plant and Civi Section 2 Kava Not Only A Relaxant But Also Helps With Muscle Growth, Which Can Benefit an Entire Economy. Kava has always been known for a relaxant that can cause health issues if used in large amounts. But there are also benefits to the plant as well. The South Pacific Kava plants roots provide a natural relaxant, while at the same time allowing an increase in muscle growth to increase as well. Since the economies of countries in the South Pacific such as Fiji are dependent on this plant; it can be sold for the use in work out supplements to promote muscle growth. Which the demand for new work out supplements is always at a high level and that is why the economy of Fiji would increase for growing this plant. The Kava plant is also known as the Piper methysticum. It is a perennial shrub and it is part of the piperacea family (Sarris and Scholey, 2012). Kava is from the South Pacific region of the world. This is one crop that truly only grows in this region. Seeing how it needs the warm weather and the moist ground in order to flourish (Sarris and Scholey, 2012). Although the plant only grows in the region of Fiji, the plant has not been needed in mass amounts as of now. This is because of the health issues to the liver that arose during the 1990’s, mainly Hepatotoxicity (Sarris and Scholey, 2012)...
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...Discussion Why it is important to measure paracetamol concentration in biological fluids Paracetamol is widely available as an OTC (over-the-counter) medicine and is an effective analgesic. Paracetamol is metabolised by the liver to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) which gets inactivated by liver glutathione(Jickells and Negrusz, 2008). Following a paracetamol overdose glutathione stores become in short supply leaving toxic amounts of NAPQI to bind to proteins and cause hepatic necrosis Intravenous infusion of N acetyl cysteine is used to replenish the glutathione stores and is an effective treatment, especially during the early stages of overdose. During the first 12 hours after ingestion no clinical features other than vomiting are...
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...lesser survival rate with a host-parasite interaction dynamics( Belden et al, 2011). Freeze Tolerance The Wood frog has a range extending from the southern tip of the Appalachian Mountains to the northern boreal forest which is across most of America. Interestingly, the wood frog has the ability to survive the winter in a frozen state in which 70% of their bodily fluids are converted to ice. Their hearts halt function, their cells come to experience ischemia which has caused a great increased manufacturing receptive oxygen breed within the cell. This the freeze tolerance adaptation has occurred due to the frogs elevated levels of glutathione, a primary antioxidant. An increase in oxidized glutathione in addition to an increased endogenous levels of glucose, proposes an increased glutathione recycling can arise due to a passive regulation of glutathione reductase by a growing amounts of glucose in the time of freezing(Dawson et al, 2017). An increase in metabolic rate is a representation of the energy costs for overwintering preparation, which prepares for the results of overwintering, a rediscovering equilibrium, and damage control after overwintering. It is assumed that the wood frog produces metabolise lipids during unfrozen and that carbohydrates for building metabolism during cooling, overwintering and thawing. Greater temperatures and or a lack of precipitation could decrease the intensity or resilience of snowpack and lead on a greater overwintering cycle, causing a greater...
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...In this experiment I will be using yeast and six different types of berries, (acai berries, blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, strawberries, and raspberries). I am using yeast because yeasts are unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms. Since yeast is the Fungi kingdom, there are approximately 1500 different species of yeast and many of them have different characteristics. Also yeasts reproduces about every 100 minutes and most do so asexually by mitosis. When compared to bacteria and some other organisms, yeast are actually safe to experiment with. In fact yeasts cells are similar to human cells. I chose the six different types of berries because berries have antioxidants. Because cellular response to radiation depends in part on the levels...
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...The reduced form of GSH donates an electron to reactive oxygen species in order to stabilise them, and then the now reactive GSH readily combines with another GSH molecule to form glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the presence of enzyme glutathione peroxidase. In lead induced oxidative stress GSSG concentrations are higher than GSH. (Flora, Gupta and Tiwari, 2012) Lead inactivates the glutathione by binding to the sulfhydryl group on glutathione reductase, acting as a toxic ligand to block the binding site for GSSG and inhibits reduction back to GSH causing the reactive oxygen species to be in excess (Kathuria and Rowden, 2016; Zitka et al.,...
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...Cancer is a group of 200 or more diseases of controlled cell growth. The treatment of cancer can be very difficult process. Breast Cancer is most prevalent form of cancer among women and second leading cause of death. From a clinical standpoint radiation chemotherapy not only made strides in preventing the reoccurrence in cancer but also has some side effects that needed to be treated in order for a women to return to a healthy lifestyle. For example chemotherapy cause substantial weight loss, diaria, vomiting, anorexia and nausea after chemotherapy. The person may develop anemia, skin disorders, be sun sensitivity and become more vulnerable to every day common infections. The person will most likely lose their hair and substantially loss muscle tone and energy. Another fact about chemotherapy is along with killing cancer cells it may also kill healthy white blood cells that prevent common infections that lead to a weaker immune system. The person will need to take extra caution to avoid any kind of infections. They will also need to be washing their hands frequently, having excellent oral care, avoiding large crowds in areas with pore circulation, staying away from people with infection diseases and just the common cold. Thus returning to a healthy lifestyle will already be extremely challenging process for this person. Nutrition will be at the forefront at helping this person recover rapidly and prevent the reoccurrence of cancer. The person will need to have a relativity...
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...The lead will generate reactive oxygen species in body and then deplete the antioxidant reserves. Lead inactivates glutathione which is the antioxidant by binding to the sulfhydryl groups. And further inactivates enzymes such as glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase to depress the glutathione levels. This causes oxidation stress in body and eventually cell death. On the other hand, lead also substitutes cation like Ca2+, Mg2+ and crosses the blood brain barrier. Then, it will accumulate in astroglial cells and damage the cells in nervous system causing brain and nervous damage which particularly in children, cardiovascular effects and growth retardation. On the other hand, biological agents such as house dust mites, from the pets also causing problems in human health. For example, house dust mites have allergens which are sensitive to the cells of the immune system. House dust mites contain proteins such as Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 5...
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...What Is Selenium? Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral that is required by the human body and is of fundamental importance in ensuring good health. Selenium was discovered in 1817 by Jons Berzelius and takes its name from the Greek word Selene (the goddess of the moon). Until recently, selenium was a little-known trace mineral. International research on Selenium has established that it is an essential component of the human diet in the sustaining of good health and general well-being because of its protective and preservative characteristics. It has also been found that selenium deficiency may lead to increased susceptibility to disease and ill health. Organic And Inorganic Selenium Explained Selenium exists in two chemical forms in nature, Organic Selenium and Inorganic Selenium. Inorganic Selenium can be found in different minerals in the form of selenite, selenate and selenide as well as in metallic form. In contrast, in vegetable feed Organic Selenium is an integral part of amino acids. Therefore, in nature animals receive selenium mainly in the organic form. Research had shown that Organic Selenium is far more beneficial for us as our body absorbs and retain Organic Selenium at a better rate. Organic Selenium vs Inorganic Selenium Organic Selenium Inorganic Selenium • Exists in the form of seleno-amino acids, i.e. selenomethionine. • Exists in the form of mineral salt. • Is actively absorbed by amino acid routes. • Is passively absorbed from the small intestine. • More...
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