...Wesley Price Week 5 Journal Gouty Arthritis (Gout) November 3, 2014 Gout is an arthritic condition primarily affecting the joints of the feet and ankles. Unlike osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, gout usually comes on very quickly and can be very painful. While there is no cure for it, there are numerous medications that treat its cause: excess uric acid buildup (Vanmeter, 2014). It can appear due to hereditary reasons, but is also triggered by certain foods and excessive alcohol use. If left untreated, it can also affect kidney function and form subcutaneous pockets of uric acid crystals, called trophi. Etiology: Most cases of gout are seen in males over the age of 40, but the largest increase in prevalence has been in males of 75. Various studies have been done, but they all suggest that the methods of diagnosis (clinical assessment and self-reporting) seem to inflate the actual numbers (Roddy, 2010). The prevalence in the US was about 9.5 per 1000 in 1985, and fell slightly to 8.4 per 1000 in 1992. U.K. and Chinese surveys also showed similar figures. Two studies were done (one in the U.S. and one in the U.K.) that followed approximately 6400 people for...
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...Gout Alyssa Burress Lamar University Background and Significance Gout is an inflammatory arthritis that currently affects five out of every 1000 people in the United States. It also is four times more prevalent in men than women and affects Caucasians slightly more than African Americans (Schub, 2012). “Gout has increased prevalence worldwide and it is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men” (Khanna, et al., 2012). The aging population with gout is becoming more of a concern due to the number of patients being seen for the disease. Gout generally affects men who are 30 to 50 years old and women over 60. The amount of people affected by gout and its inflammation has almost doubled within the past few decades. Gout is such an important topic and area of concern because, “according to estimates, between 100,000 and 300,000 gout patients in the United States do not achieve adequate control of hyperuricemia or gout-related symptoms” (Zychowicz, Pope, & Graser, 2010). Due to the indescribable pain associated with gout, quality of life is a major issue for patients diagnosed with it. Few diseases match the pain caused by gout. In the 17th century, gout left physician Thomas Sydenham unable to ‘endure the weight of the clothes nor the shaking of the room from a person’s walking briskly therein’. Reverend Sydney Smith described his attacks in the 19th century as like ‘walking on eyeballs’ (Greener, 2011). Evidence of uric acid deposition in joints has been found in...
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...Gout is caused by too much uric acid in the blood, when uric acid levels in the blood are too high, the uric acid may form hard crystals in your joints. You overweight, drink too much alcohol, or eat too much meat and fish that are high in chemicals called purines. Some medicines, such as water pills (diuretics), can also bring on gout. What are the symptoms? The most common sign of gout is a nighttime attack of swelling, tenderness, redness, and sharp pain in your big toe . You can also get gout attacks in your foot, ankle, or knees. The attacks can last a few days or many weeks before the pain goes away. Another attack may not happen for months or years. See your doctor even if your pain from gout is gone. The buildup of uric acid that led to your gout attack can still harm your joints. How is gout diagnosed? Your doctor will ask questions about your symptoms and do a physical exam. Your doctor may also take a sample of fluid from your joint to look for uric acid crystals. This is the best way to test for gout. Your doctor may also do a blood test to measure the amount of uric acid in your blood. To stop a gout attack, your doctor can give you a shot of corticosteroids, or prescribe a large daily dose of one or more medicines. The doses will get smaller as your symptoms go away. Relief from a gout attack often begins within 24 hours if you start treatment right away. To ease the pain during a gout attack, rest the joint that hurts. Taking ibuprofen or another...
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...Gout is a common disease which is caused by the build up of uric acid in the joints, tissue deposition of uric acid crystals, and joint destruction if left untreated. Uric acid is a byproduct of purine metabolism. Lacking uricase, humans remove uric acid primarily by renal excretion. "Normally, uric acid dissolves in your blood and passes through your kidneys into your urine. But sometimes your body either produces too much uric acid or your kidneys excrete too little uric acid. When this happens, uric acid can build up, forming sharp, needle-like urate crystals in a joint or surrounding tissue that cause pain, inflammation and swelling" (Mayo Clinic).Gout results "from an elevated blood level of uric acid (hyperuricemia), which occurs when the liver produces more uric acid than the body can excrete in the urine, or when a diet high in rich foods" ("Podiatry Channel"). The rich foods which are known to cause Gout are red meat, heavy creams, and red wine. Foods such as the ones mentioned tend to produce more uric acid than the kidneys can filter from the blood. (Francis, Mark).The pain or inflammation is known to start primarily at the big toe or ankle in which the pain is caused by build up of crystals of uric acid in the joints (Arthritis Foundation). The symptoms known to go along with gout are redness, pain, inflammation, stiffness and swelling. Touching or moving the toe or ankle leads to increased pain. If gout is left untreated, this can often lead to damaged...
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...Gout Uric acid is a compound composed of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen, and is produced by the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides. It is generally non-toxic, and is insoluble in water. High levels of uric acid in the body, can lead to many disorders, such as Diabetes Mellitus, kidney stones, and Gout. Gout is the inflammation of joints caused by an increased level of Uric acid (hyperuricemia) and has similar symptoms to Arthritis, but on an acute level. It is characterized by a red, tender, hot swollen area around joints; 50% of occurrences are around the joint of the big toe. Tophus (plural tophi) is a deposit formed from crystallized Uric acid, which deposits around joints, at the synovial fluid area, and is the main cause of gout, but not the only one. Extensive levels of Tophi often result in arthritis or chronic gout (gout that occurs every year or 2). Kidney stones, and Urate Nephropathy (rapid worsening of the kidney function), are also caused by hyperuricemia, where the excess amount of uric acid crystalizes and forms stones in the kidney, causing it to deteriorate. The joint pains usually begin during the night, due to the lower body temperature at that time, since lower body temperature promotes the crystallization of uric acid. Other symptoms include fatigue and a high fever. Unhealthy lifestyle, inheritance, and medical conditions can cause hyperuricemia, which then forms gout, and arthritis. 12% of the cases are caused by an unhealthy diet, which...
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...Gout- a disorder characterized by high levels of uric acid- end product of purine catabolism- in blood (hyperuricemia), as a result of either the overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid. The hyperuricemia can lead to deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints causing an inflammatory response. Underexcretion of uric acid: Underexcretion can be primary, due to as-yet unidentified inherent excretory defects, or secondary to known disease processes that affect how the kidney handles urate, for example lactic acidosis (lactate and urate compete for same renal transporter) and to environmental factors such as the use of drugs, thiazide diuretics or exposure to lead. b. Overproduction of Uric acid: Primary hyperuricemia- idiopathic (having no known cause) However, increased PRPP availability increases purine production, resulting in elevated levels of plasma uric acid. Secondary hyperuricemia is typically the consequence of increased availability of purines, for example, in patients with myeloproliferative disorders who are undergoing therapy and so have a high rate of cell turn over. Major Functions of Nucleotides 1. Components of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) 2. Carriers of chemical energy in the cell (eg., ATP, GTP) 3. Components of cofactors which are necessary to produce the ion gradient which will eventually produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation (eg., NAD, FAD) FAD and NAD are electron carriers that donate electrons to the electron transport chain to produce...
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...Gout Gout is painful swelling that can occur in some of your joints. Gout is a type of arthritis. This condition is caused by having too much uric acid in your body. Uric acid is a chemical that forms when your body breaks down substances called purines. Purines are important for building body proteins. When your body has too much uric acid, it can form sharp crystals that build up inside your joints. This causes pain and swelling. Gout attacks can happen quickly and be very painful (acute gout). Over time, the attacks can affect more joints and become more frequent (chronic gout). Gout can also cause uric acid to build up under your skin and inside your kidneys. CAUSES Gout is caused by too much uric acid in your blood. This can occur...
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...* Allergy Friendly Recipes * Cakes * Muffins * Breads * Pancakes * Cookies & Bars * Meals * Contact Us | Home > Health > Chronic Conditions > Arthritis Arthritis What is ARTHRITIS? Arthritis is a general term for more than 100 diseases and conditions that affect the joints of the bones. It is a degenerative bone disease. Many people with arthritis do not have any symptoms in the early stages. Later, as it progresses, arthritis symptoms may include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. Swelling may cause the skin to look tight, smooth or shiny. The muscles surrounding the joint may be sore, too. Some common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis (a.k.a. gout), rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and fibromyalgia. While not all of the causes of arthritis are known, several factors that may contribute to a person’s risk of developing the condition have been identified, including… Heredity: A person’s family history may determine the shape of the bones or whether there...
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...inflammation occur is arthritis. Inflammation of one or more joints is called Arthritis. There are several different forms of arthritis. This paper will discuss Gouty arthritis. The word Gout comes from Latin gutta and old French gote meaning “a drop”(Pillinger, Rosenthal & Abeles,2007). Several hundred years ago gout was thought to be carried by drops of viscous liquid that seeped from blood into the joints. Gout was once described as the disease of kings, because it was the wealthy who could afford the rich food, which seem to precipitate gouty attacks. Gout has developed a much greater incidence and prevalence. The incidents of gout are on the rise predominantly in the elderly. In those older than sixty-five years, the prevalence has just been increased by sixty percent between nineteen ninety and nineteen ninety-nine. In those seventy-four years and older, the prevalence doubled due to the comorbid conditions, obesity, hypertension, alcohol use, and metabolic syndrome (Doheny, 2009; So, 2008). Men are a higher risk in developing gout than women. Estrogen seems to have a uricosuric effect in women, which helps reduce their premenopausal risk. After menopause women risk increase for gout due to a decrease in estrogen and the loss of protective effect (Weaver, 2008). Most cases of gout are inherited. Gout by definition is a decrease of purine metabolism, a sudden rush of increased uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is the end product of purines catabolism. Purines are the building...
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...The Disease of Kings Gout, a disease commonly referred to as “The Disease of Kings or as “Rich Man’s Disease is considered a chronic and progressive disease. Chronic gout can also lead to crystal deposits (sodium orate) of uric acid (a normal byproduct of purines) in the tissues, particularly in and around the joints. Gout can cause sudden severe arthritis and may cause joint destruction, decreased kidney function, and kidney (nephrolithiasis). Gout has the unique distinction of being one of the most frequently recorded medical illnesses throughout history When our body has too much of uric acid (commonly known as “hyperuricema”), some of the needle-shaped crystals tend to deposit outside the bloodstream, most commonly around the joints. The condition, when such deposits develop and cause severe pain, is commonly referred to as “gout”. Now the question that arises is why would our body have an excess of uric acid? You yourself have the answer to this question,as it would not be completely wrong in generalizing, that gout is a man-made disease, and a result of the unhealthy lifestyle Hyperuricemia (or too much uric acid in the body) may be caused by your body producing too much uric acid (90% of cases), or by your body's inability to get rid of the uric acid it has (10% of cases). .though anyone can get hyperuricemia, but it's most frequent in overweight men over 40 and post-menopausal women. The few specific causes of gout are Poor diet, being overweight, certain medications...
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...Gout, a disease commonly referred to as “The Disease of Kings or as “Rich Man’s Disease is considered a chronic and progressive disease. Chronic gout can also lead to crystal deposits of uric acid in the tissues, particularly in and around the joints. Gout can cause sudden severe arthritis and may cause joint destruction, decreased kidney function, and kidney .Gout has the unique distinction of being one of the most frequently recorded medical illnesses throughout history. When our body has too much of uric acid ,commonly known as “hyperuricema”, some of the needle-shaped crystals tend to deposit outside the bloodstream, most commonly around the joints. The condition, when such deposits develop and cause severe pain, is commonly referred to as “gout”. Now the question that arises is ,why would our body have an excess of uric acid? You yourself have the answer to this question,as it would not be completely wrong in generalizing, that gout is a man-made disease, and a result of the unhealthy lifestyle Hyperuricemia may be caused by your body producing too much uric acid , or by your body's inability to get rid of the uric acid it has (10% of cases). .though anyone can get hyperuricemia, but it's most frequent in overweight men over 40 and post-menopausal women. The few specific causes of gout are ,Poor diet, being overweight, certain medications, Surgery. Environmental exposure. alcohol use (especially beer and red wine), certain type of anemia, high blood pressure , the use...
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...Gout is a potentially debilitating and painful type of arthritis which has been acquainted with ancient and prehistoric times. Initial manifestations commonly compose of severe attacks of painful, inflamed single joints, most frequently in the big toe. Managements are readily available to treat most gout cases, but establishing a diagnosis of this disease may be tricky, and treatment regimen frequently has to be custom-made for every patient with gout. The patient must avoid the intake of alcohol and particular meats and fish which can aid to avert further attacks of gout. Gouty arthritis takes place when there is an excessive accumulation of uric acid in the body, and crystals akin to needle-form structures may deposit inside the joints. This can happen either because the kidneys are not able to adequately eliminate uric acid or, less frequently, there is an increase in the production of uric acid inside the body. Particular foods, such as beans and alcohol, can augment the levels of uric acid and result into gout attacks....
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...hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Week 2 Pain Throughout Organ Systems General anatomy of kidneys, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, male and female reproductive organs. Costochondritis vs Angina Pectoris vs Myocardial Infarctions. Rheumatoid arthritis Gout lab findings Week 3 Fluid Balance and Edema Electrolyte imbalances of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Intra and Extra cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium as related to osmotic balance. Know the physical signs/symptoms of electrolyte imbalances including hyper and hypo natremia, kalemia, and calcemia. SIADH lab and imaging findings Diabetes insipidus lab and imaging findings Week 4 Topic 4 Acidosis and Alkalosis Know your acid-bases! Week 5 Topic 5 Cardiovascular Causes of Fatigue Cor-pulmonale, cardiomyopathies Week 6 Topic 6 Thyroid, Adrenal, Liver Fatigue Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vs. DeQuervain vs. nodular goiter vs. secondary hypothyroidism Cirrhosis, Addison disease lab tests and hormone responsible. Is it high or low? Week 7 Topic 7 Bleeding as Indicator of Disease Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology of Hemophilia Ulcers Week 8 Topic 8 Fever and Chills Beta-hemolytic streptococcus and Rheumatic fever signs/symptoms and lab findings (and Infective Endocarditis). Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Multiple...
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...stones form in urinary tract outside kidneys 2. Highest incidence in * 3. Males more often affected than females (4:1) * 4. Most common in young and middle adults B. Risk factors * 1. Majority of stones are idiopathic (no demonstrable cause) * 2. Prior personal or family history of urinary calculi * 3. Dehydration: increased urine concentration * 4. Immobility * 5. Excess dietary intake of calcium, oxalate, protein * 6. Gout, hyperparathyroidism, urinary stasis, repeated UTI infection ETIOLOGY * METABOLIC * LIFESTYLE * GENETIC FACTORS * DRUGS * OTHERS RISK FACTORS * IMMOBILITY * SEDENTARY LIFE STYLE * DEHYDRATION * METABOLIC DISTURBANCES * HISTORY OF RENAL CALCULI RISK FACTORS * HIGH MINERAL CONTENT IN DRINKING WATER * DIETARY INTAKE * UTI & H/O FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION * PROLONGED INDWELLING CATHETERISATION * NEUROGENIC BLADDER Development and location of calculi within the urinary tract Pathophysiology 1. Factors leading to lithiasis include supersaturation (high concentration of insoluble salt in urine), pH of urine 2. Types of calculi a. Calcium stones (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate) * 1. Associated with high concentrations of calcium in blood or urine * 2. Genetic link b. Uric acid stones * 1. Associated with high concentration of uric acid in urine * 2. Genetic link * 3. More common in males * 4....
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...COURSE INFORMATION | IG NUMBER | | COURSE | NUTRITION THERAPY II | TOPIC: | NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES | TERM | Prelim | WEEK NO | 2 | SESSION | 2 | DURATION | 5 hrs. | INTENDED LEARNINGOUTCOMES | COURSE OUTCOMES | 1. Explain the pathophysiology, the effects of the disease on patient’s nutritional status and the and the required dietary management. 2. Discuss the principles involved in the dietary management of a patient’s disease. 3. Design a nutritional therapy program for patient with cardio-vascular disease. | UNIT OUTCOME/S | 1. Discussion on cardio-vascular diseases and their nutritional therapy management. 2. Develop nutritional therapy program for a patient with cardio-vascular disease. | MATERIALS AND RESOURCES NEEDED | MATERIALS | * Overhead Projector/Laptop and LCD, Laboratory Manual in Nutrition Therapy | TEXTBOOK | Ruiz, Adela J. (2010). Basic Diet Therapy for Filipinos | SUBTOPICS | * TEACHING ACTIVITY | * LEARNING ACTIVITY | * TIME | * OLFU VMV * PEO, CEO * Course Outline | Interactive Lecture | Interactive Discussion | 1.5 hrs. | * OLFU VMV * PEO, CEO * Course Outline | Problem-solving: Organization of laboratory activities | Laboratory Activity: Class organization and Kitchen brigade system | 2.5 hrs. | SUBTOPICS | * ASSESSMENT TASKS | * ASSESSMENT TOOLS | * TIME | * OLFU VMV * PEO, CEO * Course Outline | * Objective test | * *...
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