...lessons for health care and governmental policy. Specifically, the authors set out to understand how adolescents experience homelessness and how gender is factor in that experience, homeless adolescent’s perceptions of health and healthcare accessibility, and how Canadian policy influences these perceptions and experiences. Although the purpose of the research is concisely described within the “Purpose of Study and Research Question” section of the article, I found it difficult to grasp the particular subject they were leading up to in the previous sections. When discussing “Background and Significance”, the authors touch the surface on a number of points regarding gender, homelessness, and healthcare, but they fail to describe any in depth significance why those certain points are important, or how they are related to this research study. I also found it peculiar that the authors cited only one source in this section on a point that is described as being “well documented”, such as the problem of homeless adolescents having a variety of health care concerns. The literature review of this article is well organized into subcategories and the majority of it is written in language that can be easily understood by non-academics. The overall discussion of previous literature seems thorough, especially when considering the specific health risks of the homeless. I found it to be lacking in any comment of past literature focusing on how governmental policies shape the experiences of...
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...management and protection. All the mechanisms shaping government policy to address the issue will be improved and adjusted to obtain the implementation, monitoring and feedback efficiently and effectively. Environmental legislation and standards will be reviewed and revised where necessary to ensure effective and ongoing coordination of law. Particular attention will be given to enforcement. Ministries and government agencies are encouraged to establish mechanisms to ensure that environmental considerations are integrated into the projects and their development activities. Managerial and technical capabilities of federal, state and local environmental matters will be strengthened to enable effective implementation of laws and environmental regulations. Economic Planning Unit of the Federal and State will play a key role in the planning and implementation as well as an important linkage between policies and implementation of natural resource management and environmental protection in the federal state and local levels. Efforts to promote a sense of environmental responsibility in the private sector will be enhanced through their active cooperation and participation in training programs and environmental awareness. Every industry will be encouraged to form their own code of conduct to monitor, evaluate them in environmental performance. Cooperation between government agencies, whether state or the federal sector non-governmental organizations, the media, the private sector will be encouraged...
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...private providers; professional sport; cinemas and theatres; exhibitions; health clubs and spas; sports merchandise; voluntary eg local sports clubs, drama groups; public eg local authority leisure centres, national stadia, venues, parks and events; schools and specialist sports/drama colleges, further education centres of excellence, government organisations; other agencies and providers Growth and expansion: related to age, gender, socio-economic group, lifestyle, geographical location, disability/health status, governmental imperatives; improved choice; health clubs, specialist activities, purpose-built facilities; educational eg new sports/drama colleges and centres of excellence; events management; recreation, arts and entertainment; outdoor activities; adventure tourism; special interest tourism; sports development policy and planning; consumption; lifestyle; national governing bodies; sector skills councils; sports councils to reflect national government policy on sport and associated areas eg fitness; elite training facilities and services eg growth of youth academies for different sports; lottery funding; professional bodies eg Institute for Sport, Parks and Leisure (ISPAL) LO2 Understand the range of sport and leisure providers Organisation: funding; objectives; structure and significance of commercial, voluntary and public provision; relationships between the providers; funding similarities; commercial activities by public and voluntary...
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...Agenda setting involves the idea that the media chooses to selectively cover only specific items/news event of relevance, which in turn dictates what the public will be exposed to. Ultimately, they choose what the general public is exposed to and thus dictates what is considered “important”. Agenda building is the process of people choosing when an issue is found to be of significant relevance to them, and thus in turn impacting public policy implementations. So if the media shows something to the general public that they view as significant or want the public to deem significant, this would start the “climate for political action” and the “dynamics of the policymaking process change”. Open Meetings and Public Information Acts are laws that mandate state/local governmental bodies be transparent, by initiating their doings in public fashion and upkeeing records open to the public. Ultimately, Texans have a right to this public knowledge of state/local government “business”. According to Smith, the Texas Tribune helps people by sharing information from both sides of the coin. “We give people information to make better choices and we do not tell them which choices to make. We don’t tell people what to think. We make people think”. Smith means by saying nonpartisan journalism helps make both liberals and conservatives dislike the Tribune at times, is because the information shared, does not slant towards one over the other. It is represented in an unbiased way and does not favor...
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... as to many other elite theorists, that capitalism is now interlacing with politics, in such a way that corporations are now able to determine and effectively influence the direction that government policies should take. This corporate power uses a certain number of mechanisms, strategies and processes whether legal or illegal, official or unofficial, to reach that end (Domhoff, 1990). In this essay, I aim at establishing and describing these processes as well as evaluating their impact on society. Concurrently, I shall evaluate and analyse this argument. Before establishing these strategies, I believe it is important that one be aware of what makes the corporate power elite and how it has managed to create a network or upper class and even corporate community network to determine domestic/national policy. Modern capitalist societies are not simply made of the upper class and corporate communities who as Domhoff argues, include all large income-producing property owners who also happen to control all the source of capital, thus constituting both a social and economic class (Domhoff, 2010: 7) at the top of the social hierarchy. There are also a variety of non-profit associations that are significant because they structure and determine the different discussions over public policy as well as the public opinion which, indeed, matters most to governments (Wetherley, 2008). Although they have been qualified of non-partisan or bipartisan due to the fact that they are neither associated...
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...published elsewhere.) Asoke Kumar Mehera (aust35@gmail.com) (Teacher of Skills Institute, Australia) The principal focus of this brief article is to explore the Chinese state-centric attitude towards NGOs as part of the broader implementation of CSR strategies. I am going to concentrate on the emergence of local corporatist state framework, which is paving a new way for the autonomy of the NGOs. Although, Chinese state-centric model of CSR is contrary to the market-based model (US) and relational model (EU); but non-monolithic nature of the present state is contributing towards local government influence and control. The NGOs in Shanghai & Guangdong province indicates that local governments implement their own policy in the absence of higher-level guidance of central policy and the local states across all levels have a substantial interest and control in the work and operations of NGOs. It is essential to analyse the collaborative role of the local state at various levels – particularly at the municipal and district level – in pursuing the objectives and operational development of NGOs. A local corporatist state framework is therefore an appropriate mechanism to interpret the state’s actions, and the ensuing state-society engagements. Tacit sanctioning in the context of State-NGO relations is useful to understand how the local state has modified corporatist mechanisms vis-à-vis social responsibilities and the increasing activism of NGOs. Yiyi Lu’s (2008)...
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...system II. ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS Current strengths ▪ Powerful export sector ▪ Successful economic reforms Current challenges ▪ Low level of imports Future prospects ▪ Competitive tax policy ▪ Liberalized service sector ▪ Implementation of free trade agreements (FTA) Per capita income is very high Corruption free environment, an educated & determinate workforce. Business friendly economy in the world III. SOCIAL ANALYSIS Current strengths ▪ High wages ▪ Highly educated workforce ▪ Rapid urbanization Current challenges ▪ Low fertility rates Future prospects ▪ Low unemployment rate ▪ Rising awareness of human rights multiracial & Multi cultural country High spending nature Future risks ▪ Rising power of labor unions IV. TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Current strengths ▪ Robust telecom sector ▪ Presence of large global and domestic players Current challenges ▪ Scarce natural resources ▪ Rising R&D costs Future prospects ▪ Government policies promoting R&D ▪ Growing R&D centers Improving production technology (such as Batch freezers, Continue freezers, pressurizes, Homogenizers) Improved & better logistic V. LEGAL ANALYSIS Current strengths ▪ Regulatory incentives ▪ Favorable tax policies Current challenges ▪ Absence of juries...
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...Lawmakers are Missing the Mark The American people, in general have most of their pressing problems go largely unaddressed, whether it is perceived as such or is fact, the American people have lost faith in their lawmakers. These problems continue to go unaddressed for a multitude of reasons, including the ambiguity of the policy values, the decentralization of the U.S. Congress and federal bureaucratic agencies, the influence of special interest groups, as well as the lack of governmental participation by the public. These reasons alone are not the reason that problems go unaddressed, but compounded together makes it very difficult for lawmakers to make decisions regarding policy and for the general public to believe that lawmakers have the needs of their constituents in mind when creating policy. Lawmakers have difficulty when dealing with issues that are ambiguous in their policy values. Some of the issues presented to lawmakers have meanings that vary and can be perceived as not in the best interest of their constituents. One example of a recent issue in policy was the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012, signed into law by President Obama on December 31, 2011. This is not a new act, just the annual updated act authorizing military spending for national security programs and military personnel. Following the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, President Bush expanded the act to include counter-terrorism efforts. This was highly supported...
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...Agenda-setting Weaver D H, Graber D, McCombs M, Eyal C 1981 Media Agenda Setting in a Presidential Election: Issues, Images and Interest. Praeger, New York M. McCombs Agendas: Political The political agenda is the set of issues that are the subject of decision making and debate within a given political system at any one time. Significant research specifically on the topic of agenda setting, as opposed to decision making, dates mostly from the 1960s. Early studies of agenda setting were quite controversial because they were often presented as critiques of the pluralist studies of the 1950s and 1960s. Truman (1951) mostly ignored the issue of who set the agenda of political debate. Dahl (1956) discusses the matter in mentioning that ensuring that no group have control over the range of alternatives discussed within the political system is a requisite for democracy. In his study of New Haven he explicitly raises the question of agenda setting, noting that with a permeable political system virtually all significant issues would likely come to the attention of the elites. ‘Because of the ease with which the political stratum can be penetrated, whenever dissatisfaction builds up in some segment of the electorate party politicians will probably learn of the discontent and calculate whether it might be converted into a political issue with an electoral pay-off’ (Dahl 1961, p. 93). In Dahl’s view, then, any issue with a significant potential following in the public would likely find...
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...Practice and policy in the Human Services is a course that is designed for students that are currently in the field of social work or Human Services or for students about to embark on the journey of becoming a practitioner. There are two books needed for this course that will be included in the introduction package. It is important that all the contents of the package are present upon receiving it. The first book is titled “Doing anti-oppressive practice – building transformative politicized social work” edited by Donna Baines which focuses on suggesting new and innovative ideas to approach anti-oppressive practice. The book is a completion of ten authors, all with wide-ranging experience in front line and social justice practice. Each author focuses on his or her own individual experience, which would range from health-care to childcare while analyzing the problem and avoiding applying “band-aids”. The authors through their experiences would attempt to solve and understand the social problem rather than attempting to cover it up. The second book titled “Connecting policy to practice in the Human Services” by Brad McKenzie and Brain Wharf is written to prompt readers with an understanding of the impact of policies on the Human Services rather than within the Human Services. HRSV 311 is a course that takes everyday situations, and challenges its students to think beyond the boarders of oppression, globalization, cutbacks and inequity. This is to provide clients with a better life...
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...strict Constitution would actually be contradictory, as the only way that the Constitution can truly reach its goals is if it has exceptions. There are various cases of how the Constitution actually contradicted its goals by being strict, and a potentially infinite amount of situations which can be imagined. Like, when a student nearly didn’t receive punishment despite breaching State Law and school policy. This is a break of our second Constitutional Goal, to ensure justice. Constitutional goals should be able to override amendments, and this is only possible without a strict Constitution. Hamilton also planned to establish a strong economic bond with Great Britain, rather than France. This is clearly the better decision in the large view. Not only was Britain economically superior to France, and fastly rising, but France was also undergoing the start of what would be a major revolution. Choosing France as a partner could be devastating and unreliable, as opposed to the great force that was Britain. Britain also shared various ideas with us, such as manufacturing and trade policy. If we were to bond economically with Britain, then we could both become extremely powerful. Finally,...
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...Table of Contents Task 1 2 Different types of organizations and the purpose 2 1.1 Purpose of organization 2 1.2 Meeting Stakeholders objectives 4 1.3 The responsibilities that the Sainsbury organization has and the strategies they employ to meet these responsibilities. 6 Task 2 8 2.1 Different economic systems and resource allocation 8 2.2 Impact of fiscal and monetary policies in Business Organization 11 2.3 Impact of Competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the business 12 Task 3 14 Behaviour of Organisation in the Market Place 14 3.1 Market structure to determine the pricing and output decisions of businesses 14 3.2 Market forces shape organizational responses 15 3.3 The business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of an organization 16 Task 4 19 4.1 The significance of international trade to UK business organizations 19 4.2 The impact of global factors on UK business organizations 21 4.3 The impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organizations 25 Conclusion 28 References 29 Task 1 Different types of organizations and the purpose 1.1 Purpose of organization Before we learn about the types of organizations, we need to learn the basic purpose of setting organizations. The main purpose of organization is to provide a pathway to their business setup and to set the main objective for their business. Organizations help in making profit in a standard way. The different purpose of organizations...
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...The Policy Process Part One Sarah Falsey HCS/455 January 27, 2014 Linda Morrow The Policy Process Part One Present growth thoughts imply that the policy structure is vital in shaping the performance of public sector bodies, farmers, households, and firms. As a result of extending, the trade and industry expansion of a nation depends on the eminence of this policy outline, the ideas that are taken, and the processes drawn in by thinking about each resolution. In the United States (US), most policies are produced through a self-governing arrangement in which officials come to a decision that best serves a state, a group of people, or a nation in its entirety. The self-governing arrangement makes sure that there is a routine cycle of stages in the policy-making process. All of these stages work together to determine a particular dilemma and often are formed in some organizations. Policies are developed in response to the existence of a perceived problem or an opportunity. This paper will go over how a topic becomes a policy. The writer will also touch on the last three stages that a topic must go through to become a policy. The first step of the policy process is the idea. In this stage, the proper authorities define the problem or problems and set a game plan or agenda. An agenda is like a list of troubles that the government usually wants to solve. Typically there are so many issues that they must be categorized in order of importance, with some troubles getting quicker...
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...DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY guidance on the application of community development approaches to different aspects of anti-poverty and social inclusion work €10 Siobhán Lynam Bridgewater Centre, Conyngham Road, Islandbridge, Dublin 8 Tel: 01 670 6746 Fax: 01 670 6760 Email: info@combatpoverty.ie Website: www.combatpoverty.ie COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY Siobhán Lynam Community Development and Public Policy 1 © 2006 ISBN: 1-905485-11-5 While every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate, no legal responsibility is accepted by the author or Combat Poverty for any errors or omissions. The views expressed in this publication are the author’s own and not necessarily those of Combat Poverty Agency. 2 Community Development and Public Policy CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface 4 5 Introduction Background to the publication Structure of the publication 6 6 Section 1: Defining public policy 1.1 What is public policy? 1.2 How is policy made? 1.3 The public policy cycle 1.4 Example of a community organisation’s impact on policy 7 7 8 13 16 Section 2: A community-development approach to policy making 2.1 Giving voice to excluded groups 2.2 Characteristics of a community-development approach 2.3 Value of adopting a community-development approach 18 18 19 21 Section 3: Influencing public policy making 3.1 Develop a policy agenda 3.2 Make it an integral...
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...HIV/AIDS Policy Process Sheila Zinnerman HCS/455 Health Care Policy: The Past and the Future University of Phoenix, Augusta Campus June 9th, 2011 Sharon E. Reed. MA, MPA HIV/AIDS Policy Process Part I The Offices of HIV/AIDS Policy spear-headed by the president of the United States promotes health and human services policies concerning implementation and development of HIV/AIDS policy, programs and resources. This paper will describe the first three stages of the policy process. The stages of interest here are the formulation, legislative and implementation stages. The goal of the HIV/AIDS Policy is to engage individuals, schools, organizations, and communities for the fight against HIV/AIDS. The policy’s objective is to change people’s attitudes about those living with HIV and those who are most at-risk for the disease (OHAP, 2010). In order to attain these goals unified groups and agencies are needed to form a policy. The Formulation Stage During this stage of the policy process information from institutional and national research programs are gathered from reports, research projects, resource flows like human resources and development patterns, medical research councils, and ministries whose activities affect the health of people. Within this stage long and short term goals are stated considering future of health scenarios and relative research needs. Policy guidelines specifying priority topics and themes are formulated. Listed below are eight other factors...
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