Free Essay

Grameenphone Report

In: Business and Management

Submitted By Erix21
Words 2146
Pages 9
Executive Summary

This report looks at the corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts and activities undertaken by Grameenphone. CSR is becoming increasingly popular as well as necessary in Bangladesh as the country becomes more and more integrated into the global economy. The importance which organizations, particularly multinational companies, have given to social responsibility is pervading the Bangladesh economy. Grameenphone is one of the pioneers in this field, and it has made some noteworthy contributions to the development of the nation.

This report examines some of these efforts and initiatives, including Grameenphone’s commitment to assisting Bangladesh achieve four of the eight the Millennium Development Goals, which are: • Poverty alleviation • Healthcare • Empowerment • Education

This report also looks at Grameenphone’s CSR efforts in the areas of environmental awareness and responsibility in the workplace. In addition, it provides a brief overview of the company. Secondary data collection methods were used to collect the data for this report.

It can be concluded that Grameenphone’s numerous CSR activities are sufficient and befitting an organization of its size, and its drive to continuously improve its activities is laudatory.

Brief Overview of Grameenphone

Grameenphone is a telecommunication organization which has been providing its services in Bangladesh since 1997. It is a joint venture enterprise between Norway’s telecommunication giant, Telenor, and a non-profit sister concern of Grameen Bank, the Grameen Telecom Corporation. It is the leading telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh, with over 28.7 million subscribers.

Grameenphone’s mission statement is “Grameenphone Ltd. aims at providing reliable, widespread, convenient mobile and cost effective telephone services to the people in Bangladesh irrespective of where they live.” Its vision is “To be leading provider of telecommunication services all over Bangladesh with satisfied customers and shareholders, and enthusiastic employees.”

One of the company’s most praiseworthy endeavors is its commitment to being socially responsible, i.e. the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the company. CSR is seen as a “a ‘complementary' combination of ethical and responsible corporate behavior, as well as a commitment towards generating greater good for the society by addressing the development needs of the country.”

Grameenphone has so far invested more than BDT 15,260 crore to build the network infrastructure since its inception in 1997. Grameenphone is also one the largest taxpayers in the country, having contributed more than BDT 16,600 crore in direct and indirect taxes to the Government Exchequer over the years. Since its inception in March 1997, Grameenphone has built the largest cellular network in the country with over 12,000 base stations in more than 6000 locations.
Grameenphone has generated direct and indirect employment for a large number of people over the years. The company presently has more than 4500 full and temporary employees. Another 150,000 people are directly dependent on Grameenphone for their livelihood, working for the Grameenphone dealers, retailers, scratch card outlets, suppliers, vendors, contractors and others.

The primary objective of this report is to look at the steps Grameenphone has taken to be socially responsible and assess whether it is doing enough as a large multinational company with abundant resources to help the less fortunate. However, it must be acknowledged that there are some limitations to this assessment, as the Annual Reports analyzed did not contain sector specific CSR expenditure in the income statement.

Corporate Social Responsibility

Multinational companies are generally seen as ruthless corporate giants with little, if any regard to the impact their activities have on the environment or society as a whole. Despite having the resources to implement, for example, eco-friendly modes of production or waste management, they often choose to maximize profits by ignoring these issues. Recently, however, this sort of behavior has been condemned by societies around the world. Companies which have been socially or environmentally irresponsible or negligent have received a lot of negative media attention, which has hurt their corporate image and thus adversely affected their profits. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a sort of antidote to this form of exploitative behavior.

CSR is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. Ideally, CSR policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure its support to law, ethical standards, and international norms. Consequently, business would embrace responsibility for the impact of its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Furthermore, CSR-focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest by encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality. Essentially, CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making, and the honoring of a triple bottom line: people, planet, profit (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility).

Multinationals often carry out CSR to improve their corporate image. Economic gain is one of the main motives to carry out CSR, as while promoting a societal or environmental cause, the company benefits from good publicity and thus is able to increase its own sales and profits. Many companies donate to charities, sponsor events, or carry out anti-pollution campaigns. Other more subtle but important forms of CSR are providing safe working conditions to employees and carrying out proper and environmentally-friendly waste disposal methods.

Corporate Social Responsibility at Grameenphone

CSR is relatively new—but rapidly escalating in importance—in Bangladesh, and Grameenphone has been one of its pioneers. Although many businesses regularly donate to particular charities, given the Islamic practice of “zakat” is prevalent the nation, it is often done informally. However, given the fact that Bangladesh is becoming more and more involved with trade with First-world countries, the importance of CSR is evident. There has been increasing pressure on national and multinational corporations in Bangladesh to consider the social implications of their actions (Belal, 2001). Grameenphone has been among the first to consider the social implications of its activities and has made significant contributions to facilitating economic as well as social improvement across Bangladesh.

The CSR policy of Grameenphone states “At Grameenphone, we live by the statement ‘Development is a journey, not a destination.’ Our work is not just about ensuring connectivity; it is about connecting with people and building relationships, based on trust, with our subscribers, business partners, employees, shareholders, as well as the wider community. We have always believed that good development is good business. While we maintain our business focus, taking the nation forward remains our top priority. Thus our relationship with Bangladesh is built on a partnership which strives to achieve common economic and social goals….. Our core strategy in this area is to be Bangladesh's partner in developing the country, particularly in its promise, as a United Nations Millennium Declaration signatory, to meet the eight targets known as the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. We have consolidated our social investment initiatives in four core areas related to the Millennium Development Goals namely, • Poverty alleviation, • Healthcare, • Empowerment • Education.”

Poverty Alleviation

Grameenphone attempts to alleviate poverty through connectivity, or as it proudly states “progress through connectivity”. The philosophy behind this statement is that when a member of the rural community, for example a farmer, purchases a SIM card, he or she has “purchased more than just a means of communication” but opened up “a gateway of hope and possibilities….. that can steer him out of poverty”. It believes that through connectivity, a significantly larger number of people—over 20 million, to be precise—are able to access information. This generates significant business opportunities, thus facilitating development. It also reduces the need for middlemen, and assists people in making informed business decisions.
The village phone brings “both social and economic empowerment to the rural women as they take center stage in earning a living and setting an inspiring example.” The setting up of Community Information Centers (CICs) motivates people to invest in technology and “bridge the digital divide”. Cellbazaar, which is an electronic marketplace, contributes towards business growth by providing traders with the necessary market information.

Empowerment

Grameenphone views empowerment as a key constituent toward poverty reduction and a key driver for sustainable development in a country where 50% of the total population lives below the poverty line (defined as an income of less than $1 a day). Bangladesh ranks 137th among 177 countries in the human development index according to the UNDP HDI report of 2006. The lack of access to resources and information, and inadequate infrastructure are seen as major obstacles to the alleviation of poverty in Bangladesh. Grameenphone has taken an active approach to empowering the underprivileged in Bangladesh in several ways. IT has sponsored the Special Olympics Team of Bangladesh, which has won 71 medals in the Special Olympics Games 2007 in Beijing. Its CSR partnership with Ashokti Punorbshon Nibash (APON) supports the treatment and rehabilitation of the economically-disadvantaged drug addicts. The Information Boat project it launched in collaboration with Care Bangladesh aims to provide rural areas with internet access and more “digitized livelihood contents”. Furthermore, six acid survivors have been given employment opportunities in Grameenphone.

Education

Education is considered to be one of the primary CSR activities of the firm. It provides scholarships to over a 100 talented but underprivileged students annually, in collaboration with “Grameen Shikka” (an organization of the Grameen Bank family) through a scholarship fund. It also provides educational support to several special schools, such as the Tauri Foundation, HANS, CDC, and SEID Trust, in order to assist the academic achievements of some of the gifted children in the nation. Grameenphone is also a proud partner of the Enrichment Program of Bishsho Shahitto Kendro through which free books are distributed. It has recently initiated a CSR project to publish and distribute illustrated publications on the Liberation War for school-going children, with the objective to inspire them with the heroics of the freedom-fighters.

Healthcare and Environment

Grameenphone has carried out several other community and environment care initiatives across the nation as well. It has launched the “Grameenphone Safe Motherhood and Infant Care Project”, providing comprehensive services to all economically disadvantages mothers and their infants for free nationwide. In another initiative, Grameenphone launched a partnership with the Dhaka Ahsania Mission, a national non-government organization, to provide health services to the poor. Through this partnership, it has provided financial assistance to establish five wards and an operation theatre to provide cancer treatment to those at the very bottom of the economic ladder. It has also carried out mass-media campaigns to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS (collaborating with
UNAIDS to initiate the Asia Pacific Leadership Campaign on HIV/AIDS in
Bangladesh), promotion of tree plantation, preservation of ecosystems, and campaigned against counterfeit drugs, to name just a few of its noteworthy endeavors.

Responsibility at the Workplace

Grameenphone also strives to provide a secure work place. It regularly undertakes awareness and training programs regarding various Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) issues, to minimize accidents at the workplace and at project sites, for both the employees of Grameenphone as well as the vendors/suppliers. Despite the fact that the employees of the vendors are not directly employed by the company, Grameenphone relentlessly tries to ensure safe and secure working conditions for them as well. The majority of the victims of accidents at Grameenphone have been the employees of such vendors, and thus Grameenphone has commissioned a team to inspect factory premises as well as educate the vendors and suppliers on the HSE issues.

Conclusion

It can be concluded from this study that Grameenphone is committed to its CSR activities. It has launched a wide array of CSR initiatives, notably those related to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals of poverty alleviation, empowerment of the less fortunate, provision of basic healthcare, and education, as well as the drive to raising environmental awareness and being responsible at the workplace. Grameenphone has most certainly used its resources to assist the less fortunate. Further research should be done to more fully assess the organization’s CSR, i.e. accurate amounts allocated for CSR should be examined and analyzed to figure out whether the amount being spent is proportional or sufficiently sizeable to the profits being made. Nonetheless, Grameenphone’s numerous CSR activities are sufficient and befitting an organization of its size, and its drive to continuously improve its activities is indeed laudatory.

Recommendations

Bibliography

Alam, S. M. Shafiul, Hoque, Shah Md. Safiul and Hosen, Md. Zakir , Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of MNCs in Bangladesh: A Case Study on GrameenPhone Ltd. (July 13, 2010). Journal of Potuakhali University of Science and Technology, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1639570
Belal, A.T. 2001. A study of corporate social disclosures in Bangladesh. Management Auditing Journal 16 (5), 274-289.

Nimalathasan, B., Social Responsibility of Business: A Case Study of Grameen Phone in Bangladesh / Annals of Universityof Bucharest, Economic and Administrative Series, Nr. 3 (2009) 227-236

www.grameenphone.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Grameen Phone Overview

...Presented to – Adeyl khan, course instructor: MIS 205, Sec: 3 Group Assignment-1 Due date: 14.6.2012 2012 Report on an organization Grameenphone Sadi mohammad- 1110725030 Abu Shoaib khan- 1020722030 Grameenphone – An Overview Since 1997 the widely acclaimed “Village Phone Program” of Grameenphone – a joint venture telecom company, set up by Grameen Bank, with foreign (Norwegian) capital3 – has provided telephones to 39,000 villages in Bangladesh, bringing access to the telephone networks to some 70 million people. This extraordinary achievement is rightly cited in the development literature as a success, an innovation which managed to bring the Information Society to the remotest and most unlikely places of the country. Most studies of the initiative have focused on the socio-economic benefits that new technology such as cell phones can bring rural communities, giving the impression that the program is philanthropic in intention, presenting Grameenphone as a not-for-profit organization devoted to providing connectivity for the poor. This assumption does not reflect reality. GP is above all a business. The company provides a good example of a multi-stakeholder partnership, as recommended in the Plan of Action of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) held in Geneva in December 2003.4 It highlights the role of the private sector not only as a market player but also as an effective and dynamic stimulator of development. This case-study...

Words: 1811 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Asfgg

...Performance Annual Monitoring Report Project Number: 7194/2078 July 2007 BANGLADESH: GrameenPhone Limited In accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2005), this completion report excludes information referred to in paragraph 126 of the PCP. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCE ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (AMR) Grameenphone Ltd. Grameenphone Bangladesh 10872 REPORTING PERIOD: JANUARY, 2006 TO DECEMBER, 2006 AMR COMPLETION DATE: JULY 02, 2007 Environment and Social Development Department 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA www.ifc.org/enviro INTRODUCTION The Annual Monitoring Report IFC’s Investment Agreement requires Grameenphone Ltd. to prepare a comprehensive Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) for Grameenphone facilities and operations. This document comprises IFC’s preferred format for environmental and social performance reporting. The AMR informs the Environment and Social Development Department about the environmental and social state of the investment. Preparation Instructions The following points should assist you in completing this form. Please be descriptive in your responses and attach additional information as needed. • • • IFC’s Investment Agreement requires designated Grameenphone Ltd. personnel to complete and submit annual environmental and social monitoring reports in compliance with the schedule stipulated in the Investment agreement. Grameenphone Ltd. must report qualitative and quantitative...

Words: 7216 - Pages: 29

Free Essay

Grameenphone

...WORKING REPORT ON CUSTOMER SERVICE (EDGE AND BLACKBERRY SERVICES) OF COMMERCIAL DIVISION, GRAMEENPHONE LTD. by Safat Al Mamun Rono ID: 0820580 An Internship Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH December, 2011 A working report on customer service (EDGE and Black Berry services) of commercial division, Grameenphone Ltd. A WORKING REPORT ON CUSTOMER SERVICE (EDGE AND BLACKBERRY SERVICES) OF COMMERCIAL DIVISION, GRAMEENPHONE LTD. by Safat Al Mamun Rono ID: 0820580 has been approved December, 2011 Mr. Chowdhury Rajkin Mohsin Senior Lecturer School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh December 07, 2011 Mr. Chowdhury Rajkin Mohsin Senior Lecturer School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh Subject: Submission of the internship working report. Dear Sir, I am hereby submitting my internship report. The last 3 months has been the most fabulous learning experience for me. Without your guidance and help this learning experience would not have been the way it has been. I have tried my level best to come up with as well written and informative report as possible. However, because of the confidentiality policy of Grameenphone Limited it has not been possible to put as many data and information as I would have liked to. So, I, therefore hope that, you will find it in order and if you have any query related to my intern report, please...

Words: 611 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Human Resource Management

...Microsoft Dynamics™ GP Human Resources Sample Reports Copyright Copyright © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the licensee of the software with which this document was provided may make a reasonable number of copies of this document solely for internal use. Trademarks Microsoft and Microsoft Dynamics are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries. FairCom and c-tree Plus are trademarks of FairCom Corporation and are registered in the United States and other countries. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be trademarks or registered marks - in the United States and/or other countries - of their respective owners. The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred...

Words: 5235 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Data Warehousing

...Web Intelligence • Performing on report analysis with Web Intelligence • Filtering Queries using conditions, prompts etc., • Using Combined Queries and merging dimensions • Displaying data in various formats (Ex: Tables, Charts etc.,) Advanced Reporting: • Calculations, Formulas and variables • Ranking Data, using Alerters to highlight data, Formatting numbers and Dates • Understanding Calculation Contexts • Web Intelligence Functions, Operators and Keywords • Calculating values with Smart Measures Universe Designer: • Designer and Universe Fundamentals • Creating a schema with Tables and Joins • Resolving Join problems in a schema • Defining Classes, Objects, hierarchies, using cascading list of values for hierarchies • Testing the universe • Working with OLAP universes Xcelsius 2008: • Application Overview • Creating and Updating Xcelsius visualizations • Using Xcelsius components ( Chart, Containers, Selectors etc.,) • Exporting Xcelsius visualizations to various applications (Power point, PDF, Flash • Creating templates, Alerts and Dynamic visibility • Using Data Manager ( Creating and configuring connections) • Live Office Connections, Query As A Web Service (QWAAS), XML data Connections Crystal Reports: • Report Design Concepts • Designing Optimized Web Reports • Building queries, Filters and prompts • Sorting, Grouping and Totaling of data • Accessing data sources,Creating and updating OLAP reports Business Objects Enterprise Repository: ...

Words: 462 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

My Documents

...Chapter 9 Writing Short Reports Critical Thinking Questions 1. Discuss the effects of formality and problem length on report makeup as described in the chapter. (LO1) 2. Which of the prefatory pages of reports appear to be related primarily to the length of the report? Which to the need for formality? (LO1) 3. Describe the role and content of a transmittal message. (LO1) 4. Why is a personal style typically used in the transmittal message? (LO1) 5. Explain how to write the executive summary of a report. (LO1) 6. Why does the executive summary include key facts and figures in addition to the analyses and conclusions drawn from them? (LO1) 7. Explain why some routine report problems require little or no introduction. (LO2) 8. Why is the direct order generally used in the shorter reports? When is the indirect order desirable for such reports? (LO2) 9. Describe the organization of the conventional short report. (LO3) 10. What types of problems are written up as letter reports? As email reports? Explain the differences. (LO3) 11. What kinds of information might go into routine operational reports for different kinds of organizations? Why would these organizations need this information regularly? (LO4) 12. Given what you’ve learned about progress reports, suggest an appropriate structure for these reports. What might go into the beginning? What might the middle parts be? What would the conclusion do? (LO4) 13. How might an internal...

Words: 1030 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Functional Organization

...Organizational Structure Paper The Results Companies The results companies was founded by Alan Schein and Robert Rapp as a provider for a dialer-based technology and a telemarketing service. In 1990 these two men founded The Results companies as a small private company. The company continued a strong entrepreneurial business to proactively identify great opportunity, implemented them successfully and responsibly through the years. They experienced significant growth, which increased revenues from around $28 million since 2005 to about $75 million in 2009. Revenue continued to grow in 2010 it reached 81.1 million. They continued to grow so they expanded to 13 locations throughout the United States and around the world in 2011. They have locations in the Philippines (Cebu, Eastwood city, Manila; Pasig city-Alaskaland, Pasig city-Q Plaza, Silver city, Manila. In the United States they have sites in Texas, Florida, two in Virginia, Kansas, Utah, and Illinois. Heredia Costa Rica, and two sites in Mexico.  “The Results Companies exceeds its clients’ expectations by providing a better operational foundation while integrating leading processes and systems to drive top-tier performance and quality.” (The Results Companies, 2011) The Results management team is constantly focused on ensuring their clients are receiving high-quality service, along with concentrating on strategies that will lower costs and improve their performance. “Our relationship management methodology is a systematized...

Words: 796 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Quality

...Curriculum Vitae Of Xavier Cooper NAME : Xavier Cooper Personal Details Surname : Cooper Full Names : Xavier Wilray Emmerald Known As : Xavier Address : 18 Catherine Road : Salsoneville : Port Elizabeth : 6059 Telephone Number - Work : 041 402 8800 Home : 041 481 7519 * Cell : 0820815140 * E-mail : Xavier.Cooper@autocast.co.za Identity Number : 701018 5211 085 Home Language : English Other Languages : Afrikaans Notice Period : 1 Month Educational Profile Education and Training Schooling High School : Bethelsdorp High School Year Completed :1990 Standard Attained :Matric Subjects Passed :English, Afrikaans, Biology, Geograhy, Business Economics, Accounting. Higher Education Institution :Bethelsdorp Technical College Year Completed :1992 Qualification Attained :N2 Certificate Subjects Passed :Mathematics, Engineering Science Engineering Drawings, Toolmakers Theory. N3 Drawings. Other Studies/Courses :PC Upgrade and repair Employment Profile Most Recent Employer ...

Words: 307 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility

................................... P. 6 Reliability .................................................................................................... P. 7 Clarity ......................................................................................................... P. 8 Conclusion .................................................................................................... P. 9 Bibliography .............................................................................................. P. 10 Introduction Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is provides the globally applicable guidelines to business organization that voluntary use to design and ensure the quality of their sustainability reports. GRI framework is helping the organization to measure and report the sustainability report’s three aspects that includes economics, environmental and social performance. This framework can be used in any size, industry or location. (G3 guideline, p2) Bel Group is a global brand which supplies different type of cheese and provide food service. Headquarters of Bel Group is in France. It provides their product to...

Words: 2186 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Eth Team Papper Week 2

...jumping from account to account. At first Mr. Malone did not see a reason to purse an investigation, but Mrs. Cooper decided that there was further investigation needed. Mrs. Cooper looked into the report and realized that something was wrong with the reports and confronted Mr. Bobbitt about the findings. Mr. Bobbitt in the audit committee would take a look and see if the findings that Mrs. Cooper were valid. After finding that the findings were valid she then contact Mr. Farrell and he did an external investigation. After further investigation that the mid-level accounting directors Mr. Normand had confessed to just going along with what Mr. Sullivan had explained to him about the reports because he was afraid to tell anyone and wanted to resign. He was afraid that if he told anyone that he would lose his job and had a family to support. When looking at WorldCom situation it was good that the internal auditor committee took charge of the situation when it was brought to them. That was very ethical and then to have the external auditors take over to review the matter was the right step. Now the fact that you had an accountant that your CFO making false reports and switching money around is not very ethical. Not only did your CFO bring another person into the fraudulent reports, but now an external investigation has to be done and reported. There will be hefty fines and jail time for people in the company that went along with unethical behavior. The accounting activity was...

Words: 349 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Manhunt

...posted a manifesto on his social network page and on February 3, 2013 it all began! His first 2 victims had been shot and killed and there were more deaths to follow. Dorner was after any and all law enforcement and anyone involved with them and LAPD had no idea what else was in store. The manhunt lasted for a little over a week and authorities had no idea where he was or what his next move could have been. Somehow, they caught up with him finally and it all ended with a cabin on fire and Dorner allegedly dead. ABC 7 was not subjective, they reported the information they had, and the reporters did not seem to make subjective comments in the first report. Some information I found odd to be reported was the preschool Dorner attended. Has the reports continued, it started to seem like all the stations were being subjective in their reports. Fox 11 news was the most subjective; the reporters shared how terrible they thought the events were and hoped for Dorner’s capture. In both stations the information that was omitted or never spoken of in detail was how good of a person everyone knew Christopher Dorner as. There were people who wanted to share their experiences with him and who have known him for years and never thought of him as a killer, but apparently none of that mattered at this point. NBC 4 was the most objective, there were no opinions, and they reported the information they had. All news stations seemed to omit any good information on the suspect, but at that point they were...

Words: 1257 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Strengths and Weaknesses of Secondary Sources

...Grading system and reporting Name: Institution: Course: Lecturer: Date: Question 1 Advantages of letter grading system • Concise and convenient • Grades are easily averaged • Easy to predict future achievements of students Disadvantages • Proportion of students achieved each grade varies from teacher to teacher • Does not indicate student’s specific strength and weaknesses in learning • Are a combination of achievement, effort, work habits and good behavior Advantages of pass-fail system I. Encourages students to explore new areas even those that they are not fully prepared for II. Permits students to focus on aspects of the course that relate directly to their major field of study. III. Enables students to select their learning experience by removing fear of lower grades Disadvantages I. Offers less information about the performance II. Gives no indication of level of learning hence difficult to predict future performance III. Efforts are directed towards passing rather than achieving higher grades Advantages of standard based system a) Are concise and convenient as they cover broad perspectives b) Provide good compromise of the other grading methods hence the fairest Disadvantages a) It is not goal specific b) Does not indicate strength and weaknesses of students c) Difficult to estimate improvement over short time Advantages of checklist i. Detailed analysis of strength and weaknesses ii. Reminds students, teachers and parents of the objectives...

Words: 353 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Circuit Design

...Laboratory Report Format 1. Title Page: The following is an example of the proper lab report title page format. Of course, you must substitute information pertinent to the specific lab and course. The title page will be a single, whole page. Laboratory Exercise #1 Verification of Ohm's Law by Fred Derf Lab Partner: Jonathan Dough EETH 1811 Electronic Circuit Technology Lecture Section 001 Lab Section 101 Performed on: February 31, 1994 Submitted on: March 1, 1994 To: Dr. Pepper 2. Objective(s) Describe in formal language (third person impersonal) the objective(s) of the lab. State the rules or theories to be investigated in the lab. Rule of thumb: someone else, using the same knowledge you have, should be able to complete the task given this information alone. In some cases, lab objectives may be given to you. You should expand these supplied objectives whenever appropriate. List all components (including values) and major equipment required to perform the exercise. Be sure to include make, model, and serial numbers of all equipment used. This listing should not include items such as meter leads or jumper wires, which are required for the use of the laboratory equipment. By listing the equipment itself it is implied that the necessary meter leads or other connecting apparatus is included. Provide all detailed schematics which, when implemented, will produce the results desired. Do not include developmental schematics here. Computer drawn schematics are preferable...

Words: 772 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Financial Management

...Business Objective – ‘Global Finance Reports’ Operating Guide [pic] Support Team Last Updated on 04-Dec-2011 Table of Contents Objective 3 How to get access to the ‘Secured Finance Folder’ in BO 3 Folder Structure in BO for Global Finance Reports 3 Reports repository 3 BO Support Team 3 Annexure 3 Search Key option in BO 3 Additional Filter option in Bo 3 Enlarge screen with new window and show/hide tool bar 3 How to Change Parameters in BO 3 How to Select Input controls in BO 3 Report Layout Options 3 Objective Considering the complexities in our process, Finance teams always demand reports consolidated from combination of several Companies/Servers. Baan has limitations to generate reports from multiple companies/servers combination. Creating a global universe in BO connecting various company/server (Baan 4, Baan5) will enable us to create much needed consolidated reports at MEP code level. Global universe will also connect to FDSS for using Global mappings like Global Accounts, Bus Org, Global Cost centers, Global Product Lines.. Etc. Using Baan data and Global mappings, reports with Global dimensions can be produced dynamically. Business Objects will be used as the common reporting tool for Finance Reporting. BO will be used to produce dynamic reports from Baan similar to OLS formats. This will be a great help for the site Finance teams to effectively monitor their Month end numbers...

Words: 1016 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Information System Breakdown Response Procedures

...telephone system; - fax machine; - photocopy machine; - printers (associated with photocopy machine); - scanner (associated with photocopy machine). 1.0 Reporting ICT Breakdown 1.1 Whenever there is breakdown encountered to any of the ICT in the office, the staff in charge shall complete the ICT Breakdown Report which to include clearly the ICT Name, Model No./ Serial No., Location, Breakdown Date and Time, Nature of Breakdown and refer by faxing/ handing over as soon as possible to the following personnel authorised to attend to the breakdown. 1. Refer to IT Technician for breakdown of, - computer hardware; - computer software; - computer network (wireless/ local area network (LAN)); - internet system; - email system; 1.1.2 Refer to Admin Manager for breakdown of, - PABX system/ telephone system; - fax machine; - photocopy machine; - printers (associated with photocopy machine); - scanner (associated with photocopy machine). 2.0 Investigation of Cause and Rectification 2.1 For any breakdown report for items 1.1.1 as soon as received from ICT user, the IT Technician shall attend to the reported breakdown within 30 minutes from the time of receiving such reporting and investigate the cause of breakdown and provide rectification if the spare...

Words: 827 - Pages: 4