Free Essay

Graphical Presentation.P

In: Business and Management

Submitted By superasif
Words 762
Pages 4
Graphical Presentation:
Definition: A graph is a chart or drawing that shows the relationship between changing things. They are a diagram displaying the relationship between numbers or amounts. A graph or chart is used to present facts in visual form. Purpose: Purpose of the Chart Compare categorical data Compare series of data over time Percentage of total comparisons Appropriate Chart Type Column Chart; Bar Chart, Area Chart, Line Chart, Column Chart (stacked), High-Low Chart Pie Chart, Donut Chart, Stacked Bar or Column Chart

Relationship between two variables Scatter Plot Relationship between three variables Type of Graphs: 3-Dimension Surface Plot

Graphic Representation
Two types:

Diagram
Example:

Graph

Bar

Pie

Line

Histogram

Frequency Polygon

Ogive

When Diagram and when Graph? Diagram: When data split into different categories. Bar: Same type of variable against different year/time. Pie: Categorical data Graph: Long series of data / Frequency Distribution.

Example of Bar Diagram. Number of mobile phone sold by Company-X. Year No. of phone sold. (In 000’s) 2000 23 2001 34 2002 50 2003 64 2004 97 Example of Pie-diagram/Chart. Expenditure Item Fuel Car Loan Repairs Insurance and license Depreciation Total Amount ($) 603 279 930 646 492 2950

Histogram: A graph in which the classes are marked on the horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the vertical axis. The class frequencies are represented by the heights of the bars and the bars are drawn adjacent to each other. •A frequency polygon consists of line segments connecting the points formed by the class midpoint and the class frequency. • A cumulative frequency distribution (ogive) is used to determine how many or what proportion of the data values are below or above a certain value. Frequency Distribution of Profits of 30 Companies: Class Intervals 16-25 25- 35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75 Total Tally Marks Frequency (f) Relative Frequency

∑f i =1

n

i

= n= 30

Draw a Histogram, Frequency Polygon and Cumulative Frequency Polygon (Ogive) from the above data.

Summery Definitions: Histogram

A graph which displays the data by using vertical bars of various heights to represent frequencies. The horizontal axis can be either the class boundaries, the class marks, or the class limits. Frequency Polygon A line graph. The frequency is placed along the vertical axis and the class midpoints are placed along the horizontal axis. These points are connected with lines. Ogive A frequency polygon of the cumulative frequency or the relative cumulative frequency. The vertical axis the cumulative frequency or relative cumulative frequency. The horizontal axis is the class boundaries. The graph always starts at zero at the lowest class boundary and will end up at the total frequency (for a cumulative frequency) or 1.00 (for a relative cumulative frequency). Pareto Chart A bar graph for qualitative data with the bars arranged according to frequency. Pie Chart Graphical depiction of data as slices of a pie. The frequency determines the size of the slice. The number of degrees in any slice is the relative frequency times 360 degrees. Pictograph A graph that uses pictures to represent data. Stem and Leaf Plot A data plot which uses part of the data value as the stem and the rest of the data value (the leaf) to form groups or classes. This is very useful for sorting data quickly. Book- Gupta and Gupta: Types of Diagrams Types of Bar Diagrams (Illustration-6, 7, 8, 18, 21, 22.) Book: Mason: Page-38, Page 41, Prob-17, 18 Page-42 Table-2-7

Prepared and compiled by : Masud Ibn Rahman Assistant Professor Faculty of Business and Economics Daffodil International University 4/2, Sobhanbag, Prince Plaza (Room No-716), Mirpur Road Dhaka 1207 Telephone: 8130864, 8129177, 8129348, 8129402, Ext- 132 Email: mir_bd@hotmail.com
A significant part of this material is copied from the soft copy of book of Anderson: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example of Bar chart and Pie Chart

Class Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Sylhet Total

Region Frequency 1360 2069 2589 1708 2564 1150 11440 Bar Chart

Percent 11.9 18.1 22.6 14.9 22.4 10.1 100.0

Region
3000

2589

2564

2000

2069 1708 1360

1000

1150

Frequency

0 Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Sylhet

Region

Class Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Sylhet Total

Region Frequency 1360 2069 2589 1708 2564 1150 11440 Pie Chart

Percent 11.9 18.1 22.6 14.9 22.4 10.1 100.0

Region
Sylhet 10.1% Barisal 11.9%

Rajshahi 22.4%

Chittagong 18.1%

Khulna 14.9%

Dhaka 22.6%

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