...The Great Flood of 1993 Annie Boyd PHY-104 Professor Mamasa Sumare February 17, 2013 The Great Flood of 1993 Natural disasters happen. When they do, there are far reaching consequences. Lives are lost, homes are destroyed, families are sent into upheaval, businesses are destroyed, and this mass destruction often times results in dreams being ruined. Furthermore, the environment is effected as natural habitats are destroyed, and life of all species is interrupted. Since rebuilding efforts are often extensive, natural disasters often are not only an environmental crisis, but also an economic crisis, and in many instances, the effects can still be seen years later. The Great Flood of 1993 was such devastation. Consequently this paper will discuss The Great Flood of 1993, its causes, the effects from the flood, reports 10 years after the flood including preventative suggestions for the future. The Great Flood of 1993, described by Theiling (1998), was “extreme flooding on the Upper Mississippi and Missouri Rivers during the summer of 1993 was an unprecedented event, one that caused significant human hardship, tremendous economic losses, and extensive property and crop damage” (p.15-1). However, it is important to note, according to Johnson, Holmes, and Waite (2004), that unlike other natural disasters, The Great Flood of 1993 was not the result of a single event. For example, a hurricane, tornado, tsunami, and earthquake are all events that can be catastrophic...
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...The great flood of 1993 that drowned the Midwest section of America was the worst flood in recorded history of the United States. It took quite a toll on the people, buildings, and land of the Midwest. Many things factored into the flooding, including: the previous’ year precipitation and weather, the current years’ precipitation, the deteriorating wetlands, and the increased amount of levees, dams, and people living in the floodplains. With above average amounts of precipitation in 1992 and cool temperatures, not much evaporation occurred that year. Without enough evaporation, the soil remained saturated, and when the extremely above average rainfall came in the summer of 1993 came, the water had nowhere to go but to the rivers and streams. These rivers and streams quickly filled up and by July were cresting at record highs all around the Midwest. Near St. Louis the Mississippi river crested at 19 feet higher than the flood stage and over 6 feet higher than the previous record. With flood waters of that magnitude, levees were easily broken and overtopped. The great flood caused around 15 billion dollars in damage and tens of thousands of people to be displaced, some temporarily and some permanent around the Midwest. Places such as Des Moines, Iowa were hit especially hard, as Water Works plant, the distributor of water in Des Moines, was flooded and taken out of commission. People of Des Moines went nearly 2 weeks without running water at all and nearly 3 weeks without drinking...
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...f~wgKv বাংলাদেশ একটি উন্নয়নশীল দেশ এবং জনসংখ্যার প্রায় অর্ধেক নারী। যখন নারী অর্থনৈতিক ও সামাজিকভাবে ক্ষমতাপ্রাপ্ত, তারা হয়ে পরিবর্তনের জন্য একটি শক্তিশালী হাতিয়ার। গ্রামাঞ্চলে বিশ্বের উন্নয়নশীল, নারী খেলতে চলমান একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পরিবারের এবং প্রধান করা কৃষি অবদান উৎপাদন. শিক্ষা দীক্ষা জ্ঞান গরীমায় আজ নারী সমাজ পুরুষের পাশাপাশী সমান যোগ্যতায় অগ্রসর হয়ে চলছে। সেদিনের সেই অভিশপ্ত নারী ধর্মের গন্ডি পেরিয়ে আজ নিজেকে সুপ্রতিষ্টিত করতে চায় তার দায়িত্ব ও কর্তব্য বজায় রেখে। যুগ পরিবর্তনের প্রেক্ষিতে বর্তমান জাতীয় জীবনের উন্নতি সাধনের সকল কর্মক্ষেত্রে নারী সমাজ ভূমিকা পালন করে যাচ্ছে। তাদের ভূমিকার ক্ষেত্র ও দিন দিন প্রসারিত হচ্ছে। সাম্প্রতিককালে বাংলাদেশের অর্থনীতিতে যতোগুলো চ্যালেঞ্জ এসেছে তার মধ্যে সর্বাগ্রে রয়েছে সরকারিভাবে স্বীকৃত এ দেশের মোট জনসংখ্যার অর্ধেক নারী সম্প্রদায়ভুক্ত যাদেরকে অর্থনৈতিক কর্মকাণ্ডের সঙ্গে সম্পৃক্ত করা। অর্থাৎ বৃহৎ পরিসরে নারীদের অবস্থানকে সুদৃঢ় করে একটি সমৃদ্ধ দেশ গঠনের সুযোগ। বিগত দিনগুলোতে দেশী-বিদেশী গবেষকদের মধ্যে ব্যাপক উৎসাহের দ্বার উন্মোচন করেছে বিশেষত সামাজিক ও নৃবিজ্ঞানীদের কাছে। তাদের মতে নারী কতোগুলো আদর্শ গুণে গুণান্বিতা যার ফলে সে কখনো হয়ে ওঠে মা কখনো বা মমতাময়ী ভগিনী আবার আনন্দময়ী নন্দিনী ও সুখ-দুঃখের হতভাগিনী সহধর্মিণী। এই যে বহুরূপে নারীর বিচরণ তাকে যদি প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক কাঠামোতে প্রতিস্থাপন করা যায় তাহলে উন্নয়ন যে অসম্ভব নয় তা এরই মধ্যে প্রমাণিত হয়েছে। লক্ষ্য ও উদ্দেশ্য: ১. সমাজের উন্নয়নে নারীর ভূমিকা সম্পর্কে গুরুত্ব বুঝা ২. নারীর অবস্থান সম্পর্কে জানা ৩. নারী কর্মক্ষেত্রে মুখোমুখি অন্তরায় সম্পর্কে জানা ...
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...gauge tweets its current status. For example, Teddington Lock now has its own Twitter account:twitter.com/riverlevel_1182. * "This is the first time that an instant and holistic view of all 2,400 Environment Agency river level gauges has been made possible," said Rod Plummer, MD at Shoothill. "We have created a system for anyone who needs to know the current status of any river in England and Wales and by working to create thousands of twitter accounts, we have allowed that river to "tweet" its status to everyone." * Shoothill previously worked closely with the Environment Agency to create FloodAlerts (www.shoothill.com/flood) which is the primary live flood map used by the Environment Agency and the Media. GaugeMap builds on the success of FloodAlerts and offers vital river information even when there is no direct risk of flooding. * "It's great to see innovative applications such as GaugeMap being developed using the data we provide," said Dr Paul Leinster, Chief Exec of the Environment Agency. "This is exactly the kind of exciting use of our live data we hoped to see when we...
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...ELEMENTS OF THE STORY | INTERPRETATION/DESCRIPTION | PASSAGE OR LINE FROM THE SHORT STORY | A. Setting | Story happened during night time in the dark hut of Awiyao and Lumnay. | Awiyao reached for the upper horizontal log which served as the head high of the threshold. He talked to the listening darkness. | B. Plot | | | B.1. Introduction | Story began when Awiyao found Lumnay inside their dark hut. | Sound of gangsas beat through the walls of the dark house like muffled roars falling waters. She gave no sign that she heard Awiyao, but continued to sit unmoving in the darkness. | B.2 Rising Action | Situation fired up when Awiyao told Lumnay that she well have another man to like her. Lumnay reacted almost violently. | Awiyao said, “Go out- go out and dance. If you really don’t hate me for this separation, go out and dance. One of the men will see you dance well; he will like you dancing, he will marry you…” | B.3 Climax | They’re conversation got even worse when Lumnay proposed that she should die. | Lumnay said, “Awiyao, Awiyao, my husband. I did everything to have a child. Look at my body. It could dance; it could work fast in the fields; it could climb the mountains fast. Even now it is firm, full. But, Awiyao, I am useless. I must die.” | B.4 Falling Action | They made a deal. They both agreed to the deal that If Awiyao failed again from having a child, he would come back to Lumnay and they will die together. | Awiyao...
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...Hurricane Katrina changed the way United States viewed floodplain management and flood risk management. The Great Mississippi River Flood of 1993 produced the highest economic damages of the century, killing over 130 people, costing over $20 billion dollars in flood damages. Hurricane Katrina caused over a million people to lose homes, jobs, and took over 1300 lives. It has been estimated the restoration of the communities and some level of flood protections will exceed over $100 billion dollars when it’s all done. Before the twin towers were hit on September 11, 2001, it seem like the United States was headed in the right directions with floodplain and risked management. Due to the terrorist attacks on that day, change the way America took their approach on homeland security. All the focus and money shifted to US Department of Defense, and the natural hazard management was kind of put on the back burner and basically forgot about until Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Hurricane Katrina changed the game for how America planned for flooding and risk management. When Hurricane Katrina hit, it was a slap in the face on the response to flooding that took place in New Orleans. Up to this point there was not a single inventory of levees and flood damage structures in United States. America became a reactive force instead of an active force. The Secretary of Defense got involved and requested the US National Academics to establish...
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...Drozdik 1 Anna Drozdik Mrs. Chaney English 12 5 December 2011 Floods: An Archetype Every year many people are killed by one of nature’s great powers, floods. Many authors have used floods to depict a certain tone throughout the story. To truly understand this work of nature, one doesn’t have to look any farther than certain works of literature. The archetype of flooding is very prevalent in works such as “Noah and the Flood”, the “Epic of Gilgamesh”, “Deucalion”, and “Tata and Nena”. These literary works evoke a tone of fear, fury, strength, and how delicate life is. The first example of this power and fury comes from the story “Noah and the Flood”. In this story the flood shows the tone of how delicate life is. A good example of this is “All existence on earth was blotted out- man, cattle, creeping things, and birds of the sky;...” (“Noah and the Flood 62). This shows that this specific flood was able to kill anything in its path. Usually a flood kills some living things, but this one was so great that it was able to kill every living thing that existed on earth, thus proving that life is very delicate. Another great literary work, the Epic of Gilgamesh also shows a fine example of what floods are able to do to the world. For instance, the flood in this tale displays how much fear Drozdik 2 can be instilled on people as the flood passes through. “Even the gods were terrified at the flood, they fled to the highest heaven…” (Sandars 30) is a quote that enables...
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...Garrett Hileman October 18th, 1844 was the most disastrous flood that has ever hit the city of Buffalo since it was founded. The rising waters of Lake Erie came without warning and surprised the sleeping community. Many people were sleeping as the waters began to rise. For several days before the event of the flood a strong north-east wind had been driving the water in the lake to rise above normal levels. On October 18th a shift of the wind had taken place, and it blew from the opposite direction with astounding force never before or to be known to happen in Buffalo. With the sudden change in direction of the wind volumes of water began to build in a dreadful wave, which overflowed the lower districts of the city. The rising waters began at 12 o'clock (midnight) and in less than half an hour the whole lower part of the city south of the canal from Black Rock to the Hydraulics was submerged in water from two to eight feet in depth. The height in which the water rose to was completely unpredicted. Houses were blown down--unroofed--cellars flooded; in fact the great amount of damage done almost instantaneously. Upwards of eighty canal boats went ashore between Buffalo and Black Rock. In the lower districts there were many harbor craft and canal boats left by the receding waters, many canal boats being out on the commons, on Division, Eagle and Clinton streets along with many steamboats being taken by the rusing water and left abandoned. South Buffalo was dumped with miscellaneous...
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...Introduction Natural Hazard any natural event which has an adverse socio-economic impact on the human being. Alternatively, an extreme natural event, such as a cyclone, an earthquake or a flood, that is not caused by human beings. These are naturally occurring phenomena that only become hazardous due to the intervention of human infrastructure. The vulnerability of human infrastructure to destruction (risk) by a disaster is also an important factor in understanding natural hazards. The distribution and impact of natural hazards is unequal with greatest loss of life and property in the developing part of the world. This is not because of greater hazard frequency but simply because of greater vulnerability. Therefore, the people in the developing countries are at high risk than those of developed countries. Combining the risk factor the natural hazard can be defined as the probability of a change in the natural environment of a given magnitude occurring within specified time period in a given area while the associated risk is the consequent damage or loss of life, property and services. The frequency of major hazard appears to have increased since 1960 and the number of people killed each year has decreased at a rate of about 6% and the loss or property has also decreased steadily. This has taken place owing to increased awareness and better hazard management. The increase in the frequency of hazard can be assigned to such factors as better global news coverage, increasing population...
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...life and economy. The great disaster let audiences think of why New Orleans is especially vulnerable to hurricane. For New Orleans geography location perspective to see, incontrovertible, it near the ocean, each year’s August and September, the hurricane land to the near shore city, so the New Orleans is the first target suffer from it. Another nature fact, low elevation makes sea water inundate the city more easily. However, nature factors lead to the destructive damage to New Orleans is a little exaggeratory, the human action actually play a major role. To make more space, the city builds drained system around area, and it appears expand tend, that is, let the origin land become lower. Building dams potentially aggravate hurricane. Building dam for the purpose of generate power and regulate river water storage is benefit for city’s resident life and economy, but when the dam situated in upstream, which intercept sediment and silt flow to downstream, with sediment reduce, near shore area lack of barrier to protect and thus sea water comes in. Tragedy has become reality already, when hurricane done, it’s the time to us self-examination and take some emergency preparedness. Recovery wetland and nature barrier is essential, mangrove forest is a good example to defend surge. When the hurricane happened, most of time is people not prepared for it, over panic and overwhelming that cause unnecessary casualty. From this point, it should be build a flood protection system and provide...
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...MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION Flood Mitigation Strategy June 2009 Flood Mitigation Strategy TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLESLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................ iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Strategy for Integrated Flood Management .............................................................. 3 2.0 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 5 2.1 Institutional Arrangements....................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Organizational Structure of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation .....................5 2.1.2 Flood Related Legislative Arrangement ............................................................ 5 2.1.3 Disaster Management......................................................................................6 2.2 History of floods in Kenya ....................................................................................... 6 ...
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...Winter Storm – December 2013 (5th to 6th December) Summary On 5th December 2013 a depression passed over the UK due to the Polar Jet stream being unusually for south. This caused the wettest December since 1776, with a series of low pressure weather systems bringing some characteristic storm events. However it was the storm event on the 5th of December that had the heaviest impact according to the Met Office. Causes The synoptic chart (left) shows the meteorological basis of the storm. At 1200 UTC a deep area of low pressure can be seen moving south-west across the UK; it can be seen just off the north-east coast of the UK at a pressure of 967 millibars. This alongside other oncoming depressions would (as well as bringing heavy stormy weather) cause a storm surge affecting the North Wales and North Sea coastline. Unlike the formation of depressions off the west coast of the UK, this depression was formed from Polar Maritime air, from Greenland, and Tropical Maritime air, from the Azores, however as it had been moved North by the Polar Jet Stream it had picked up much more moisture than any typical depression, however it had also been modified by Artic Maritime air, and it was this that gave the large scale impact of the storm event. Comparatively, the 5th December storm event was likened to the events of January 2012 and December 2011, however the length of the storm event, meant that the storm event in December 2013 had the most notable effect. The depression was also...
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...National Hazards: Floods Francis Lopez Cathedral High School Abstract Floods are very dangerous natural hazards. Every year they cost millions if not billions of dollars in damages, to people everywhere. They affect a lot of people worldwide. Floods can also be caused by a number of events. Snow melts, tropical storms, and dam or levee breaks are just a few of the causes of floods. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While river flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry. Although you can lessen the chance of floods occurring in your area by moving, floods can still occur everywhere and affect everyone. National Hazards: Floods Floods are one of the most dangerous natural disasters on Earth. Floods have cost humanity millions of dollars in damages and so much more. They are also very fatal. Every year, floods kill 6,753 people. While this may seem like a low number of deaths compared to car crashes or earthquakes but when other affects of floods are seen, Floods are seen as very dangerous disasters. They effect people from every part of the globe, effecting over 96,878,672 people and are caused by many things. In floods that result from snow melts, people in areas that are not close to...
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...Against, New Orleans Management Decision Models B6025 Dr. Usha Dasari We will look at many factors in our case for rebuilding or not rebuilding New Orleans. This recommendation will be reviewed by state and local governments for their decision. We will perform a Cost-Benefit Analysis which will represent the residents of New Orleans, the residents of the surrounding floods plains, the Mayor of New Orleans, and the federal government represented by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) and the taxpayers. We will look at scenario models, risk management, and decision trees to support our decisions and analysis. This natural disaster took an enormous toll on the residents of New Orleans. Over 1200 lives were lost and countless injuries were suffered. The loss of revenue from the shutdown of businesses, loss of homes and possessions of residents caused much pain and human suffering. We will conclude with an executive summary which will summarize our decision for or against rebuilding of New Orleans. Prior to the hurricane New Orleans was a tourism magnet. The city offered many restaurants, festivals, and great weather. These positives made tourism a thriving market. Other boons for the economy of New Orleans were the mining, transportation, and warehousing along its waterways. More products came through this port than any other port in the world. There are many colleges in the area than add to the economic bottom line of the city. Many things added to the beauty of...
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...Monsoon Flood by Anne Ingram School Journal, Part 2 Number 2, 2009 Readability (based on noun frequency) 8.5–9.5 years Overview “Monsoon Flood” tells the dramatic fictional story of a young boy who is swept away in a flood and then rescued by an elephant. Told in the present tense and the first person, with vivid use of language, this is a story you may want to read aloud (or have students read aloud) for enjoyment and to prompt creative responses before doing any detailed examination of the text. This text includes: • some compound and complex sentences, which may consist of two or three clauses; • some words and phrases that are ambiguous or unfamiliar to the students, the meaning of which is supported by the context or clarified by photographs, illustrations, diagrams, and/or written explanations; • a straightforward text structure; • figurative language, such as metaphors, similes, or personification; • some abstract ideas that are clearly supported by concrete examples in the text or easily linked to the students’ prior knowledge; • some places where information and ideas are implicit and where students need to make inferences based on information that is easy to find because it is nearby in the text and there is little or no competing information. Reading standard, end of year 4 Options for curriculum contexts English (level 2, language features) • Show some understanding of how language features are used...
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