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Great Management Principles

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Submitted By gustavoalmeida44
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Grandes Principios del Management
Autor: Michael Leboeuf
Profesor: Isolino Pazos
“Gustavo Almeida V”

La sociedad corporativa que rige el mundo de los negocios tiene por su deber un sistema de definición de qué es lo que debe premiar y qué es lo que debe eliminar por su propia cuenta para que el sistema de administración funcione como tal. Dentro de este sistema de comportamientos que rigen una cultura, existen diversas maneras impuestas por los actores de las empresas o a su vez, maneras invisibles de la propia cultura corporativa social en la que va eliminando por si sola a los individuos que consideran que no deberían ser reconocidos por sus acciones. Algunos de los conceptos que nos regala el libro “Grandes Principios del Management” (Michael, Leboeuf) con los cuales el mundo actual ha venido actuando en base de las conductas de recompensas nos detallan que los resultados inmediatos son premiados, que la pregunta de qué estamos premiando es una alarma de qué es lo que buscamos, que la urgencia y la prioridad siempre se confunden y que, cómo premiar pueden hacer la diferencia entre una mejora sostenida en el tiempo tanto para la organización en la que trabajamos como para la gente a la que nos debemos dentro de ella.
Un sin número de veces hemos sido testigos de las innumerables ceremonias de recompensas empresariales en la que se ha premiado a una o varias personas que han alcanzado muy bueno resultados durante el año pasado y que internamente en el equipo se siente una atmosfera de satisfacción a medias porque se sabe que este resultado solo fue inmediato y que probablemente el siguiente año ya no llegarán. Este tipo de resultados mediáticos son lo que deberíamos analizar si es conveniente para poder tener una ventaja competitiva, que por teoría, como indica en el libro “Business Administration” ( Mck Graw Hill, 124) es una herramienta sostenible en el tiempo y más bien si tenemos una miopía de la estrategia o delegamos nuestras responsabilidades a terceros o si en verdad el hecho de premiar resultados inmediatos serán nuestra cultura corporativa.
En el libro detalla una fábula de un par no videntes y tienen frente a ellos un elefante, al cual se le pide. Cada uno toca una parte del animal y lo describen de distintas maneras, a conveniencia y al sentido del tacto que cada uno de ellos lo experimentó. Al final todos tienen razón pero a su vez están equivocados porque solo vieron lo que ellos quisieron ver. Sin duda esta fábula se presenta en la vida corporativa en la que cada persona mira la estrategia de la manera en la que él quiere hacerlo, por ende no está equivocado pero de seguro no tendrá el 100% de la verdad y la otra persona también tiene su verdad. Ahora que esto sirve para poder desarrollar tácticas que apoyen a la estrategia y que se cumpla lo antes posible.
Por otra parte, la miopía de la estrategia y el hecho de cumplir con la meta lo antes posible hacen que deleguemos nuestras responsabilidades a terceros. De este modo nos hacemos “responsables” de lo que consideramos que nos atañe y no de lo que realmente está bajo nuestra tutela. Por qué este comportamiento se desarrolla, es simple, porque no queremos que nos culpen por un posible fracaso y nos escudamos en que esta tarea fue delegada. De este modo cuando existiese un sistema de medición este rubro de responsabilidad no entrará en nuestro parámetro de cumplimiento.
Al sumar estas dos apreciaciones en el año, se espera la premiación o reconocimiento de los resultados, en los cuales las organizaciones distinguen los resultados inmediatos y no los de largo plazo. Los resultados inmediatos suelen dar la impresión de que la compañía reconoce el empeño de los empleados por lograr resultados mediáticos y no de largo plazo. Por ejemplo, se premian a empleados que siguen las culturas de la empresa, en las cuales los sistemas son burocráticos y se siguen un mismo esquema. Por otra parte, se castiga a los empleados que se salen de este sistema por hacerlo más práctico.

Toda esta descripción de premiar resultados inmediatos con una falta de visión periférica, con un arraigado sentimiento de delegar a terceros nuestras responsabilidades hace que nos preguntemos. ¿Qué estamos premiando? Porque un sistema de recompensas bien dirigida puede hacer que nuestra empresa encuentre un rumbo definido hacia un mejor comportamiento corporativo y no se diga el desarrollo de nuestros colaboradores. Sin embargo, actualmente estamos dedicados a premiar las mismas actitudes que se han desarrollado con el tiempo, nos estamos acostumbrando a que la sociedad es la que define los premios que se otorgan a las empresas y personas, sin tomar en cuenta que la productividad es un hecho que se habla de muchas maneras pero que no la practicamos.

Según un estudio de la Universidad de Cambridge llevado a cabo en los años 80 se en la que se buscaba saber por qué somos seres de costumbres cotidianas se descubrió que, al hacer una misma actividad durante 21 días seguidos se convierte en costumbre. Este mismo mecanismo se vuelca a la cultura de una compañía donde se premian a las personas que hacen lo mismo que se ha hecho en la empresa durante algunos años y que ha funcionado. A estos individuos son los que se hacen reconocidos y apreciados porque según los apoderados de la cultura corporativa está apegado a la estrategia. Por otro lado se reprimen a las personas que se salen de la línea de costumbre y a pesar de proponer nuevas ideas o mejorar un proceso ya establecido se las tacha de minadores de la estrategia.
Por consecuencia, estamos acostumbrados a que la sociedad sea la que impone los premios que deben recibir las personas. Según los comportamientos que se ha llevado, claro siempre dentro de la cultura social del comportamiento que la impone, son calificados como positivos y son elogiados por los demás. Se puede enumerar algunos ejemplos, sin embargo, mencionaremos uno en el que se premia a un Gerente por reducir el gasto de las compañía a través de una reducción del personal pero se reprime un crecimiento a un Gerente que reduce el gasto a través de una mejora de proceso en la que se requiere menos burocracia ya que los inmersos en el proceso lo toman como un impacto más fuerte en los cimientos de la organización.
La cultura corporativa que define estos premios también habla de la productividad. No se ha hecho más que hablar de mala fama de esta palabra ya que esta inmiscuida en todos los rincones de la empresa pero no se la efectiviza en la manera que debe ser. La productividad esta siempre, de manera tácita o no, en el pensamiento de la misión, visión y de valores pero no se la vive ya que con simples ejemplos que se menciona en el libro se denota que la usamos de mala manera. Uno de estos ejemplos son los salarios de los empleados de una planta de producción en la que se les paga por horas y no por ítems producidos. Esta simple manera de ver la productividad es por si sola una declaración de falsedad del mundo actual donde sería lo mejor poder pagar por productividad propiamente dicha y no por escalas de horas ya que al no ser pagados en base a su productividad un empleado no hace un esfuerzo adicional del que se le pide porque sabe que de igual forma recibirá un salario.

El cómo premiar a las personal que trabaja bajo estos parámetros se hace una tarea de inmensas apreciaciones ya que cada empleado es un mundo de posibilidades con las que se puede escoger diversas opciones de compensación. Es por esto que al investigar en internet sobre el comportamiento de compensaciones, se puede encontrar con sorpresas como que el dinero no es la principal fuente de premiación y que mejor un sistema de elogios o desarrollo interno es una de las mejores formas de hacer sentir a un empleado motivado.
El dinero es sin duda una de las fuentes de quietud y de saciedad frente a un trabajo bien hecho. En los años 70 el dinero era la fuente más utilizada en las industrias de fuerte crecimiento para que los empleados sean considerados como importantes dentro de sus organizaciones. En esta etapa de desarrollo se mejoró sustentablemente el estilo de vida de los individuos ya que con el dinero pudieron adquirir bienes que antes eran para personas de otro estatus y vivir con más soltura, educar mejor a sus hijos y las mujeres vieron también que podrían aportar a casa.
Con este desarrollo acelerado el sistema interno de promoción en las compañías se puso de moda en los años 80 y 90 donde se crearon sistemas de crecimiento interno y donde el capitalismo todo su mayor apogeo. La bolsa de empresas se acrecentó y las promociones internas fueron más abiertas en una costumbre que tan solo para familiares de los dueños era permitido. Los planes de carrera era la principal herramienta de atracción a los empleados que veían que además de un salario atractivo tenían la posibilidad de llegar tan lejos como el tiempo los permita.
Ya con la llegada de los años 2000 el paquete se completó con el sistema de elogios, que sin dejar de ser un receta de crecimiento, se los concedía con diplomas, placas, premios o bonos en la misma posición.
Estos enunciados parecen ser la receta al éxito pero no nos olvidemos que seguimos cometiendo los mismos errores ya enunciados durante este ensayo. Donde la pregunta de qué premiar y cómo hacerlo deberían estar presentes ya que el mensaje de este libro me deja un enunciado de siempre analizar qué es lo que estamos acostumbrados a premiar y más no qué es lo que en realidad nos podría generar un cambio y a eso dar palmadas de aliento y ayuda en lo que necesitase. El Valor agregado es una excelente arma de largo plazo pero si se la sabe construir con la simple apreciación de ver los resultados a largo plazo y no los inmediatos que nos darán satisfacciones inmediatas pero a la larga nos encontraremos tapando huecos que hemos dejado atrás.

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