...Background My organization is the Citadel Wrestling Association (CWA). This is a not-for-profit organization that is meant to boost the wrestling program and help raise funds for The Citadel Wrestling team. As head of the CWA I am working very closely with the Athletic Department and the Athletic Director to make sure I am following protocol in my quest to make the wrestling team a top 15 program in Division I wrestling. The number one goal of the CWA is to improve the wrestling team financially in the best way possible. In order to do this, it is important to know what the top financial goals of the Athletic Department are. Some of the major goals of the Athletic Department is to endow scholarships and subsides costs. Scholarships endowments are now essential to saving non-profit athletic programs at the college level. Endowments are interest-bearing accounts that have limits to how often you can withdraw from it. The original money that is invested is basically untouchable but the interest is what can be used. Most endowments yield a 5% interest rate. For such athletic programs like the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill who has around $212,000,000 in endowment funds dedicated to athletics, the yearly interest can be rather large. The endowment interest is then used on specific things like coach’s salaries, team expenses and helping fully fund a team with their scholarship ceiling allotted by the NCAA. As this pertains to wrestling, 9.9 scholarships...
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...This second part of the ‘Sports Officiating’ class was very interesting. I learned about four other NCAA sports regulations. A few of the sports, I was not that familiar with, but was acquainted with the others. The first thing that I learned was how a basketball official needs to have a mental focus before and during a basketball game. The basketball official needs to anticipate difficult situations in order to maintain focus and keep his level of stress down. This will help with the official making correct calls. The referee should visualize the game. In order for the referee to have a good game, he or she must feel comfortable and not anxious. If a mistake or miscall happens, the official must accept it and move on. We are human and those things will happen. Talking about human error, the second thing that I learned was about one of the most controversial calls in Major League Baseball. In the summer of 2010, an unbelievable event took place when Detroit Tigers pitcher Armando Galarraga was denied a perfect game by a call of safe made by first base umpire Jim Joyce. After the replay, it was undoubtedly that he had it wrong. The uproar was startling! Jim Joyce and his family received death threats. He felt so bad about blowing that call. The next day Galarraga came out to meet with Joyce at home plate with the lineup card. It was like a peace making moment. Joyce was shedding tears and Galarraga was as if it was ok for making the mistake. The third thing that I learned was...
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...[b]Match Three: Adam Andrews vs. Alex Michaels[/b] [i]Singles[/i] As the bell rings, the amateur-based rookie Andrews paces around the returning/debuting Alex Michaels, who keeps a wary eye on the younger superstar. After several seconds of pondering his first move, Adam lunges from behind with a waistlock, gripping his arms around the submissionist. Andrews tries to pull Michaels off of his feet with a German Suplex, but the veteran is wily enough to keep himself on solid ground, throwing back a few stiff elbows to help his cause. Andrews manages to catch one elbow in his temple, stumbling back a step, taking a spinning back elbow from The Climax, who sends him against the ropes. Michaels fires off a quick boot to the grappler's midsection, attempting an Irish whip to the opposite ring ropes, but Andrews manages to reverse it. As Alex comes back toward the rookie, Andrews grabs his arm, but Michaels reverses it into a hammerlock, applying pressure to the rookie's shoulder. Adam reaches back with a 3/4 facelock, looking to reverse the hold with his free arm, causing Michaels to act quickly and launch himself onto Andrews' back, releasing the hammerlock in favor of a rear naked choke! The amateurist starts to flail a bit, feeling the pressure against his windpipe... but as Andrews feels himself unable to pry the veteran's grip off of his throat, the rookie makes a desperate move, backing up against the turnbuckle, slamming Alex Michaels against the corner! As the young athlete...
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...James Ronca Final Paper Wrestling is one of the oldest sports in the world. No one is sure who invented the sport but it was first implemented as a real sport in the first Olympics in the year 776 B.C. The origins of wrestling can be traced back 15,000 years through cave drawings in France; Babylonian and Egyptian relief's show wrestlers using most of the holds known to the present-day sport. More modern day wrestling has weight classes implemented so participants will wrestle people that weigh the same as them, thus starting a trend known in the wrestling world as cutting weight. Weight classes in wrestling were implemented in order to insure the optimal amount of fairness for each wrestler before they step out onto the mat. I believe that weight classes are positive to the sport but also negative. Positive in the fact that you don’t have a kid who weighs 103 wrestling someone who is 185, that just wouldn’t make sense. It makes it so everyone that goes out there are roughly the same weight so size doesn’t play a roll. But, this causes many issues as well. I know from experience the side effects of cutting weight. You feel weak, tired, and hungry; you get cotton mouth, and extremely aggravated over little things, everything pisses you off, it’s just an awful mood to be in. Cutting weight often is misconstrued and everyone believes that you just starve yourself to make weight. In some occasions this is true, but that is the wrong way to do it. There is a right way to cut...
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...followed his usual missionary strategy of establishing himself in a major city with his coworkers fanning out into the countryside to establish churches in the wider region. The Lycus Valley churches were a product of Paul’s Ephesian ministry. Epaphras served as Paul’s coworker, establishing the churches there. Paul did consider them his churches, as they were the product of his apostolic ministry. When difficulties arose in them, Epapharas turned to Paul for guidance and assistance. Colossians is the product of that relationship. 2. Describe each of the three cities in the Lycus Valley. (Pohill pp. 331-332) Laodicea was a new fairly city, having been founded by the Seleucid king Antiochus II in 250 B.C. and then under direct Roman rule in 133 B.C. when the last of the kings of Pergamum bequeathed his kingdom in Rom. In Paul’s day, Laodicea was the most prominent city of the Lycus Valley; it was the tax-gathering and judicial center for the whole administrative area, which consisted of twenty-seven towns, including Hierapolis and Colosse. It was prosperous, boasting a thriving industry in black woolen goods and a famous medical center. It was the banking center for the entire southeastern region of Asia. Hierapolis was located on a terrace three hundred feet high on the northern side of Lycus, six miles north of Laodicea and ten miles west of Colosse. People often visited the city to bath in its hot springs, which were believed to be therapeutic and healing...
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...Wrestling is sport of two people who compete against each other with a variety of holds and grappling style ground fighting. Wrestling dates back to over 15,000 years ago. The first organized wrestling tournament took place in New York City in 1888. Wrestling then started in the Olympic games in 1904 and has been in every Olympic games since. Why do wrestlers make better employees? Wrestling is both a team sport and an individual sport. You compete as a team, but each match is wrestled independently on match at a time. By wrestling independently this means it is up to the wrestler to win his/her match “yes girls wrestle too”, for every match that is won, each team earns points as well. Many wrestlers start at a young age, sometimes as young as four years old. Many have said that teaching your child to wrestle is like raising dogs to fight. This is so far from the truth. Wrestling teaches children and young adults about life. Wrestling will teach discipline, mental and physical strength, the will to achieve your goals, how to be a leader, intensity, and focus. Once a wrestler reaches their teenage years wrestling in junior high and high school the sport becomes much more demanding. You not only have the stress of the sport, but you also have more stress with school and the fact of being a teenager with life changing experiences. A wrestler who is truly dedicated to the sport is the first one in the gym two to three hours before school starts each day and is the...
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...a false wrestling, in which the participants unnecessarily go to great lengths to make a show of a fair fight;this is of no interest. True wrestling, wrongly called amateur wrestling, is performed in second rate halls, where the public spontaneously attunes itself to the spectacular nature of the contest.” For those who don’t know the difference between amatur wrestling and WWE; let me break it down for you. WWE stands for World of Wrestling Entertainment and was created about 30 years ago. It mostly consists of people playing actor roles. They have dramas before matches, and even the wrestling moves are faked. While amatuer wrestling was a sport developed in ancient Greece and was in the first olympics. There’s three types of wrestling, Greco, Freestyle, and the most common one Folkstyle, that is used in high schools and college wrestling. In WWE is just a scripted act. According to bleacher report, WWE is a real sport because “the risk, injuries and fatigue that come with being a professional wrestler are all 100 percent real and genuine.” Unlike WWE wrestling, amatuer wrestling the moves are logically pursued and might not go as anticipated. In one move, there could be several different tasks to be done before the move is completed. If the arm doesn’t bend the way it should, or the body doesn’t topple over like in practice. Then it could result in devastating injury. Roland Barthes said “wrestling presents man’s suffering with all the amplifications of tragic masks. The wrestler...
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...Significance of Ancient Roman Civilization Tuesday, October 02, 2012 7:29 PM Argument for how the achievements of ancient Roman civilization impacted subsequent Western civilization Established one of the largest empires in the world. Enduring legacy that continues to influence Western civilization Achievements: Law and Administration Roads and bridges Institution of a bilingual culture Of greatest significance: Roman Law and Administration Based on principles of justice and reason Instituted a system of common laws to protect citizens Notable aspects that many modern day governments uphold today: The recognition that all men are to be treated equal under the law A person is to be considered guilty until proven innocent The ancient Roman civilization did more than establish one of the largest empires in the world; they also left an enduring legacy which continues to influence Western civilization. Achievements in the areas of law and administration, construction of roads and bridges, and the institution of a bilingual culture helped to form an cultural infrastructure that has prevailed through the ages. Of greatest significance, is the Romans contribution in the areas of law and administration Their laws were based on principles of justice and reason. They institutes a system of common laws that served to protect citizens. A couple of important aspects we continue to value today are the recognition that all people are to be treated equal under...
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...The Kushans of the first to third century CE embraced artistic, religious, and cultural practices of others graciously. They connected cultures together and were considered one of the most accepting cultures and honored diversity. From their coinage, to the early rise of Gandharan art with Hellenisitic traces, it was rarely truly developed from that area specifically. When is art or culture developed through a vacuum with no outside influences? Never. The Kushan empire hub was situated in a convenient location with access to the East and West and they used this location to their advantage and everyone else’s. Trades flourished and many cultures benefitted. “Archeological excavations, art historical evidence, coins, and inscriptions directly reflect connections between the establishment of the Kushan Empire, long-distance trade and cultural transmission between the northwestern Indian subcontinent and the silk routes.” (Neelis) When the Kushans established themselves, things started happening. Alexander of Macedon conquered lands reaching from the “Adriatic to the Black Sea and the Balkans to mainland Greece” (Wood) to build an expansive empire. His father, Phillip, built and army of 30,000 men and 5,000 cavalry in attempt to battle the Persians who were planning to add Greece to their empire. Philip was killed before this could happen so Alexander the Great carried his fathers out his father’s goals and went beyond. Ultimately, Alexander the Great influenced every land he...
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...of God on Earth” (Stark, 1996). During the emergence of Christianity, the emperor of Rome was ruler of Judea. The Jewish population was not happy being under Roman rule because they felt as though it represented a historical oppression. During the beginning stages of Christianity, “the religion focused on cleansing the Jewish religion of stiff rituals and arrogant leaders and had little to do with the Roman culture” (Stark, 1996). Due to this, Jesus aroused suspicion among the upper classes and leaders of the Jewish religion. Roman governors were persuaded that Jesus was a dangerous activist and as a result, Jesus was put to death. On the third day of Jesus’ death, his followers believed that resurrected which led them to further believe he was the Son of God. With the resurrection of Jesus, the religion was spreading amongst Jewish communities within the Roman Empire and further beyond. Paul, whose real name Saul, converted into a Christian in A.D 35. It was through Paul that Christian missionaries began to migrate from the strict Jewish law. He proposed that the new standards of faith be universal and open to all members who wished to practice whether or not they were Jewish. Paul’s conversion to Christianity was vital for the development of the religion. Born a Greek, he was Jewish and had the knowledge of Greco-Roman culture. Paul taught the basic beliefs of Christianity in such a way that other supporters would be able to understand. Paul took it upon himself to preach...
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...predetermined outcome. Predetermined meaning the refs, wrestlers and bookers know who is going to win or lose a match before the actual match starts. Yes the hazards can be real inside the squared circle because if a wrestler receives or takes a “bump” the wrong way. It could be a career ending injury that wrestler might not even wrestle again. That being said every pro wrestler trains day in and day out to insure nobody gets hurt in the squared circle. For the untrained eye or people who don’t follow wrestling do not factor that in. Now the question that is always topic of debate about pro wrestling is it a sport or entertainment? Pro wrestling is part entertainment part sport because Greco Roman wrestling style it uses. The moves preformed like headlocks, suplexs and slams come from the Greco Roman wrestling style. Pro wrestling uses “Gimmicks” meaning the persona, usually artificially created; one has in order to draw fan interest. Here is where the entertainment comes into play for pro wrestling. Without the entertainment aspect of it, pro wrestling would boring, stale and not really fun to watch. Who wouldn’t want to watch a guy named “Dude Love” an overweight guy wearing tie dye, sunglasses and talking like a throwback 1960's hippie? Catchphrases like “OWWWW Have Mercy!” and “I know you want to kick some heavy duty booty!” I know I would but it is not everyone’s cup tea I get that. In pro wrestling anything can happen at any given time this why I am going to debate it is...
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...predetermined outcome. Predetermined meaning the refs, wrestlers and bookers know who is going to win or lose a match before the actual match starts. Yes the hazards can be real inside the squared circle because if a wrestler receives or takes a “bump” the wrong way. It could be a career ending injury that wrestler might not even wrestle again. That being said every pro wrestler trains day in and day out to insure nobody gets hurt in the squared circle. For the untrained eye or people who don’t follow wrestling do not factor that in. Now the question that is always topic of debate about pro wrestling is it a sport or entertainment? Pro wrestling is part entertainment part sport because Greco Roman wrestling style it uses. The moves preformed like headlocks, suplexs and slams come from the Greco Roman wrestling style. Pro wrestling uses “Gimmicks” meaning the persona, usually artificially created; one has in order to draw fan interest. Here is where the entertainment comes into play for pro wrestling. Without the entertainment aspect of it, pro wrestling would boring, stale and not really fun to watch. Who wouldn’t want to watch a guy named “Dude Love” an overweight guy wearing tie dye, sunglasses and talking like a throwback 1960's hippie? Catchphrases like “OWWWW Have Mercy!” and “I know you want to kick some heavy duty booty!” I know I would but it is not everyone’s cup tea I get that. In pro wrestling anything can happen at any given time this why I am going to debate it is...
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...Category | Greeks | Romans | Government | In ancient times, Greece was an independent, self governing city-state. Greece also invented democracy. The Greek government was divided into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies and democracies and in the Mycenean period (between 2000 and 1200 BC) all Greek city-states were ruled by kings (Carr, 2011) | In the earlier days Rome was governed by kings, but ancient Rome was schooled to form their own government and rule themselves ((Hons), 2011) | Geography Terrain | The Greeks had a mountainous terrain and rugged coastline; offering great protection from foreign invasions but hindering them from communication and trade (Buzzle.com, 2000-2010, 2011). The geography of ancient Greece was divided into 3 regions; the coast, the lowlands, and the mountains allowing for less than 20 percent of the land to be farmed (Rymer, 2010) | Rome was inland and also had hills and mountains running through it but they were not nearly as rugged to navigate through as the hills and mountains of Greece. Also the rivers that ran through the peninsula were shallow and easy to cross (Ashe, unknown). | Economy | Because of the mountainous and hilly land Greece placed much emphasis on importing goods (Walter Scheidel, 2007). | Ancient Roman currency and economy was an agrarian and slave based economy. Agriculture and the barter system controlled Roman economies (United Nations of Roma Victrix, 2011) | Trade Practices | Surrounded by water the seas always...
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...curriculum based upon the study of Greco-Roman classics that affected the culture and man’s point of view. Renaissance humanism was ultimately divided into two branches which came to be known as Civic humanism and Christian humanism which defined differences between Italian humanists and Northern humanists. Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) and Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536) and their ideals exemplify what separated the two. The contrast between Italian humanism and Northern humanism can be simply stated as one led man away from God, the other drew man closer to God. Education was crucial a factor in the ideals of both Italian and Northern humanists. Classical scholarship was the heart of Italian humanism while Christian scholarship was the chosen education of Northern humanists. The classical Latin language of Cicero was an important part of both scholarship curriculums and both Alberti and Erasmus were fluent in Latin. The differences between scholarships were the exclusion or inclusion of Christian classics. Italian humanists unlike Northern humanists held the idea that the classic Latin language should be the chosen language of the elite. It was a common practice of Alberti to publish his writings in both Latin and Italian so that the elite and the less educated could read them. The study of cultural arts was a vital part of classical scholarship; however, Alberti lamented over the lack of interest and innovation that pervaded ancient Greek and Roman culture. He was disappointed...
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...SOUTER LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA FEBRAURY 19, 2014 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………. 3 THE CLIMATE ON THE EVE OF DECIUS’ EDICT…………………………………… 3 The Church in the Third Century………………………………………………….. 3 The Imperial Crisis of the Third Century (AD 235-284)………………………….. 5 DECIUS’ EDICT AND ITS EFFECT…………………………………………………….. 5 Cyprian…………………………………………………………………………….. 7 EXILES…..………………………………………………………………………………... 8 APOSTATES OR THE “LAPSED”…….………………………………………………… 10 MARTYRS AND CONFESSORS………………………………………………………… 12 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………. 14 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………. 16 INTRODUCTION Certain tensions existed with the rise of Christianity within the Roman Empire. Prior to the advent of Christianity and even up to 200 AD, Rome was relatively tolerant of religions. Judaism was accepted into the mix of various pagan religions of the Empire, and in its infancy Christianity was simply considered a sect of Judaism, which seemed to pose no real threat to the Empire because Jews did not seek to proselytize. However, Christians were zealous in their worship of Jesus and their spreading of His message, so that in the third century Rome’s policy toward the Christians changed. Persecution, though it existed from the time of the apostles, was dramatically instituted as a means of eradicating the growing religion during the third century so that it is looked back on as the “age of martyrs.” Specifically...
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