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Grief In Animals

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Attachment and Grief in Nonhuman Animals
Although many evolutionary psychologists are opposed to using animals in comparative studies to learn about humans, they can offer insight into the adaptations seen in humans. Comparative research, “can provide evidence of adaptation in human psychological and behavioral traits by highlighting possible analogies” (Maestripieri & Roney, 2006, p. 120). Studies in other primates have shown that the attachment system and grieving is not unique to humans. The most extensive studies have been done on Rhesus Macaques. They, like humans, form an attachment system, where the function of this behavior is to remain in proximity with the mother. They show distress when loose contact with the mother, which disappears …show more content…
Unfortunately, studies of grief in animals has been scattered. However, there have been reports of grief in chimps and gorillas (Goodall, 1990, McRae 2000). In addition, there has been evidence of grief in other social animals such as elephants and dolphins (Bekoff, 2000). In John Archer’s The Nature of Grief , he concludes that there is enough evidence that animals other than humans, especially primates, experience grief as a form of separation anxiety. Nesse, another evolutionary psychologist, agrees that animals show grief, although it is hard to say whether it is just a product of attachment. For example, primate mothers have been observed carrying their dead offspring. This is most likely a direct byproduct of the attachment systems. “Giving up too soon would be such a serious error that the system is designed to maintain proximity even long after an infant is dead” (Nesse 2005, 214). So, in animals, it is advantageous to form attachment systems with the living, even with the price of loosing energy searching for or carrying a dead kin …show more content…
The child’s relationship with a caretaker becomes internalized as an internal working model IWM, a thinking process that is built on experience and helps individuals choose their further actions (Ainsworth et al. 1978). Life history theory describes the tradeoffs between growth, development and reproduction, and can explain the different styles of attachment (Archer, 2000). When resources are plentiful, If a child’s caretaker will likely invest more in them, they form secure attachments. However, if the caretaker is rejecting, perhaps to invest more in mating rather than child-rearing, children exhibit and insecure-avoidant attachment (Del Guidice, 2009). Evolutionarily, their strategy is to minimize distress signals, since the caretaker won’t respond. Another form of attachment is insecure–ambivalent, if the caretaker is inconsistently available. These children exaggerate their signaling to try an maximize the care they get out of a caretaker (Del Guidice, 2009). The styles of attachment in romantic relationship likely depend on the attachment style formed as a child (Hazan and Shaver 1987). If grief is a byproduct of attachment, then attachment type should affect the manifestation of

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