...Department Of ECE in affiliation to K L University K L University (KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation) Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. Email: dvratnam@kluniverity.in Abstract Ionospheric electron density variations are more predominant error sources in precise positioning with Global Positioning System (GPS) based navigation systems over low latitude regions such as India and Brazil. spatial and temporal variability is more in this region due to Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA), Spread F and ionospheric scintillations etc. Short and long term ionospheric changes such as the solar cycle, the annual and semiannual variations of the ionosphere needs to be investigated for improving reliable communication and navigation systems. In this paper, EOF analysis is used to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of ionospheric electron density. An empirical model is implemented based on coefficients and basis functions obtained from the EOF analysis. It is evident from the results that the coefficients of EOF basis functions well signify the solar activity, diurnal variations of electron density. Keywords: GPS, EOF, TEC and IRI model 1. Introduction: The EOF analysis is originally introduced into meteorology as a method for extracting 1938 Bhagyasree Nimmagadda et al the dominant modes of spatial variability in meteorological fields such as Sea Level Pressure (SLP), sea surface temperature (SST), etc (Randall, et al., 2003). This is extensively used to represent...
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...Alex Marchino SCI/ 256 4/14/2014 Week 2 Ecosystem Components Paper An ecosystem is a very complex set of relationships among our living resources, habitats, and residents of a selected area. Which consist of plants, animals, fish, trees, birds, water, microorganisms, soil, and people. Lake Mead National Recreation Area (NRA) located in Nevada provides spectacular scenic vistas of Lake Mead and rugged and isolated backcountry. Amazing and drastic physical features include deep canyons, colorful soils, sheer cliffs, distant mountain ranges, dry washes, the lakes, and rock formations and mosaics of different vegetation (National Park Service, 2012). In this essay I will be discussing the major structural and functional dynamics of Lake Mead National Recreation Area (NRA) on Roger Spring and Black Canyon Springs and how the human being have affected this ecosystem by interacting with its biogeochemical cycles. I will show how knowing the ecosystem structure and function could help in its management and restoration of the ecosystems as well. Black Canyon Spring is located downstream of Hoover Dam. Here, we can find springs of both the thermal (hot) and non-thermal (cold) variety with water temperatures ranging from about 55° to 136° Fahrenheit. Rogers Spring is located on “North Shore Complex” of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. This area comprises of the terminal discharge areas for the regional carbonate-rock aquifer system from eastern Nevada (National Park...
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...BIO 101 Principles of Biology Program Council The Academic Program Councils for each college oversee the design and development of all University of Phoenix curricula. Council members include full-time and practitioner faculty members who have extensive experience in this discipline. Teams of full-time and practitioner faculty content experts are assembled under the direction of these councils to create specific +courses within the academic program. Copyright Copyright 2009 by the University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. University of Phoenix® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks or their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. Course Syllabus Course Title: | BIO 101 Principles of Biology | Course Schedule: | April 25, 2011 to May 23, 2011 | Course Location/ Times/Newsgroup: | Henderson CampusMonday, 6:00 pm to 10:00 pmHEFOUN78E | Required Text: | Simon, E. J., Reece, J. B., Dickey, J. L. (2010). Essential biology with physiology. (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. Note: All required text materials can be found on the...
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...Trans. Nat/. .Acad. Sci. & .Tech. Philippines 29: 251-260 (2007) /SSN 0115-8848 Teaching High School Physics Effectively Christopher C. Bernido and l\faria Victoria Carpio-.Rernido Research Center for Theoretical Physics Central Visayan Institute Foundation Jagna, Bohol 6308, Philippines The Ascending Levels of Learning and Pedagogical ~1axims that could guide effective teaching of physics are presented. As an example of how these may be applied, the Dynamic Learning Prof:,lfam (DLP) of the Central Visayan Institute Foundation is briefly discussed. The DLP, together with 21st century technology, provides a scenario where the perennial lack of high school physics teachers in the Philippines can be bypassed. Introduction The breadth of topics that may be covered in teaching physics can be extremely wide. After all, physics probes the smallest things in the universe (the quarks and leptons), aiJ the way up to the "biggest" subject one can think of-the birth, death, and fate of the universe itself. One definition for physics states that it is the study of matter and energy. Most everything in the universe is either matter or energy, and this can make physics quite interdisciplinary. No wonder, therefore, that sub-areas in physics may be referred to as Biophysics, Geophysics~ Chemical Physics, Mathematical Physics, Astrophysics, Nuclear Physics, Econophysics, etc., and one also has the physics of sports, the physics of art, and so on. Because of its breadth, there is always...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Biotechnology Advances 26 (2008) 246 – 265 www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv Research review paper Biological degradation of plastics: A comprehensive review Aamer Ali Shah ⁎, Fariha Hasan, Abdul Hameed, Safia Ahmed Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Received 22 November 2007; received in revised form 31 December 2007; accepted 31 December 2007 Available online 26 January 2008 Abstract Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. With the excessive use of plastics and increasing pressure being placed on capacities available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Awareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers. The interest in environmental issues is growing and there are increasing demands to develop material which do not burden the environment significantly. Biodegradation is necessary for water-soluble or water-immiscible polymers because they eventually enter streams which can neither be recycled nor incinerated. It is important to consider the microbial degradation of natural and synthetic polymers in order to understand what is necessary for biodegradation and the mechanisms involved. This...
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...579 Atomic force microscopy and other scanning probe microscopies Helen G Hansma and Lía Pietrasanta The highlight of the past year is the unfolding and refolding of the muscle protein titin in the atomic force microscope. A related highlight in the intersection between experiment and theory is a recent review of the effects of molecular forces on biochemical kinetics. Other advances in scanning probe microscopy include entropic brushes, molecular sandwiches and applications of atomic force microscopy to gene therapy. Address Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 1998, 2:579–584 http://biomednet.com/elecref/1367593100200579 © Current Biology Ltd ISSN 1367-5931 Abbreviations AFM atomic force microscopy/microscope SFM scanning force microscopy/microscope SICM scanning ion conductance microscopy/microscope SPM scanning probe microscopy/microscope STM scanning tunneling microscopy/microscope A new journal, Probe Microscopy, was launched in 1997 as a forum specifically devoted to the science and technology of SPM. AFM and SFM have been also newsworthy items in Science and Nature in the past year [14••,15•–17•,18••,19]. An introduction to AFM is covered well in a recent issue of Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, which describes and illustrates the design and mode of operation of AFM [4••]. The AFM images sample surfaces by raster-scanning a sharp tip back and forth over the surface. The tip is on...
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...centers/museums may create their own local reciprocal freeadmission program. ASTC does not require or participate in these agreements, or dictate their terms. 2. Based on residence: To receive Travel Passport Program benefits, you must live more than 90 miles away “as the crow flies” from the center/museum you wish to visit. Admissions staff reserve the right to request proof of residence for benefits to apply. Science centers and museums requesting proof of residence are marked by (IDs). Visit www.astc.org/passport for a list in larger type font. CALL BEFORE YOU VISIT TO CONFIRM YOUR TRAVEL PASSPORT PROGRAM BENEFITS. DON’T FORGET TO BRING YOUR MEMBERSHIP CARD! ALABAMA Anniston Museum of Natural History 800 Museum Drive, Anniston 36206 (256) 237-6766 www.annistonmuseum.org F: All living at one address Gulf Coast Exploreum Science Center 65 Government Street, Mobile 36602 (251) 208-6893 www.exploreum.com F: Parents or grandparents (two adults) and up to six children or grandchildren under 18 years of age. Fees will be assessed for IMAX and certain exhibit areas. Mary...
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...Psychology of Fragrance Use: Perception of Individual Odor and Perfume Blends Reveals a Mechanism for Idiosyncratic Effects on Fragrance Choice ´ ´ ´ Pavlına Lenochova1, Pavla Vohnoutova1, S. Craig Roberts2, Elisabeth Oberzaucher3, Karl Grammer3, 1 ´ˇ Jan Havlıcek * 1 Department of Anthropology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, 2 School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, 3 Department of Anthropology, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Abstract Cross-culturally, fragrances are used to modulate body odor, but the psychology of fragrance choice has been largely overlooked. The prevalent view is that fragrances mask an individual’s body odor and improve its pleasantness. In two experiments, we found positive effects of perfume on body odor perception. Importantly, however, this was modulated by significant interactions with individual odor donors. Fragrances thus appear to interact with body odor, creating an individually-specific odor mixture. In a third experiment, the odor mixture of an individual’s body odor and their preferred perfume was perceived as more pleasant than a blend of the same body odor with a randomly-allocated perfume, even when there was no difference in pleasantness between the perfumes. This indicates that fragrance use extends beyond simple masking effects and that people choose perfumes that interact well with their own odor. Our results provide an explanation for the highly individual nature of perfume...
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...come more territorial, whereas the conflicts in the Pacific are likely to challenge the entire state and thus come to concern governance at large (Fiji, Solomon Islands). Fearon (2004; 2005) helps us to understand the dynamics of these wars. He notes that many of the longest civil wars of the world take place in the context of “sons-of-the-soil” disputes. The hallmarks of these wars are that they are protracted, low in intensity, fought between a government and a peripheral ethnic group seeking autonomy or secession, and the rebels do not view the government as a credible partner in peace talks. Democracy and mediation in territorial civil wars in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Table 1 The territorial wars in Southeast Asia and South Pacific, 1960–2005 Territory Insurgents Start date 5 August 1950 1 January 1965 Episode start 5 August 1950 31 December 1965 1 January 1967 1 January 1976 7 December 1975 7 December 1975 1 January 1992 1 January 1997 1 May 1989 1 January 1963 1 January 1948 8 September 1990 8 January 1999 1 January 1963 31 December 1948 27 January 1995 1 January 1997 12 April 2005 1 January 1948 1 January 1948 29 December 1991 1 January 1994 1 January 1958 31 December 1948 27 March 1990 23 December 1996 1 January 1949 1 January 1957 Episode end 249 South Moluccas Republic of South Moluccas West Papua West Papua West Papua East Timor East Timor East Timor Aceh Aceh North Borneo Karen Karen Karen Karen Arakan Arakan Arakan Mon Mon Mon Kachin Kachin Karenni...
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...Environmental Pollution Scenario Review and Summary Week 4 Assignment SCI/256 July 5, 2012 David Pruchenski University of Phoenix Given the budget of $4.4M, the city of Cleveland Hts., has implemented a new bike lane through out the city. This was done in order to encourage it’s residence to be more environmental friendly. Instead of using an automobile everyday, the council felt that with biking, we can decrease the rise of pollution, Exploring ways in which to maximize financial rail performance is thus highly significant for many countries. The need for better and faster transportation is correlated with the economic development of a country (Zahivi, 1981). Train technology has improved immensely over the past few decades and new political developments have led to the desire for building a High Speed Rail network throughout Europe. The aim of this thesis is to show that the limitations of the traditional evaluation techniques also apply to rail system design. In addition, the possibilities of using a flexible approach are explored for the railways. High Speed Rail lines are very controversial. The many opponents of HSR lines emphasize the huge cost and commercial failure rates while proponents see the potential benefits that HSR could bring to a region. A flexible strategy could bring both sides together as it limits the risks and preserves and expands the benefits. 1. Random emission...
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...Naturwissenschaften (2004) 91:255–276 DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y REVIEW Ulrich Kutschera · Karl J. Niklas The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwin’s Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwin’s perspective. Weismann’s neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwin’s dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the “modern synthesis” is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and...
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...Name of the Assignment: Characterization and Applications of Lipases Course Title: Enzymology Course ID: BTC 517 Date of Submission: 3 August, 2012 Submitted To: Professor Naiyyum Choudhury Coordinator,Biotechnology MNS Department BRAC University Mohakhali, Dhaka Submitted By: Sultana Rownok Jahan M.S Biotechnology Summer 2012 MNS Department BRAC University Mohakhali,Dhaka. Introduction: Lipases are the special kind of esterases belong to subclass 1 of hydrolytic enzyme class 3 and have been assigned sub-sub class 3.1.1 due to their specificity for carboxylic acid ester bonds. Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolases, E.C. 3.1.1.3) are ubiquitous enzymes of considerablephysiological significance and industrial potential. Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to glycerol and free fatty acids. In contrast to esterases, lipases are activated only when adsorbed to an oil–water interface (Martinelle et al., 1995) and do not hydrolyze dissolved substrates in the bulk fluid. A true lipase will split emulsified esters of glycerine and long-chain fatty acids such as triolein and tripalmitin. Lipases are serine hydrolases and contain the consensus sequence G – X1 – S – X2 – G as the catalytic moiety, where G – glycine, S – serine,X1 – histidine and X2 – glutamic or aspartic acid .Lipases display little activity in aqueous solutions containing soluble substrates. In contrast, esterases show normal Michaelis–Menten...
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...feature. The network is able to find the variety of the input space. DAC exploits two intercoupled neural networks and outputs the matches together with the occlusion maps of the pair of frames taken in consideration. DAC can also solve other matching problems. 1 Introduction In computer vision, structure from motion (SFM) algorithms recover the motion and scene parameters by using a sequence of images (very often only a pair of images is needed). Several SFM techniques require the extraction of features (corners, lines and so on) from each frame. Then, it is necessary to find certain types of correspondences between images, i.e. to identify the image elements in different frames that correspond to the same element in the scene. This paper addresses this specific problem, also known as matching. The techniques for image matching can be continuous or discrete. The latter are feature-based methods (FBM) and treat the images as samples of the scene taken at discrete times. They allow accurate estimation of motion parameters and structure of the scene even under a relatively large motion, do not suffer much from the problem of...
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...Store Manager Incentive Design and Retail Performance: An Exploratory Investigation Headnote Store managers perform multiple tasks within a store, and the way in which they are evaluated and rewarded for these tasks affects their behavior. Using empirical data from multiple stores of a consumer electronics retailer, Tweeter Home Entertainment Group, we highlight the extent to which store manager incentive design impacts store manager behavior and, consequently, retail performance. More specifically, we describe the shift in store manager behavior resulting from a change in incentives, which, in part, altered the importance of sales relative to inventory shrinkage in the store manager compensation plan. Store managers, following this change, directed less attention to the prevention of inventory shrinkage and more toward sales-generating activities and made different process choices within the store. We observed increases in the level of inventory shrinkage and sales within these stores. Controlling for alternative drivers of sales and inventory shrinkage, we find this change in incentive design to be associated with a profit improvement of 4.2% of sales. This work indicates that altering how store managers are compensated impacts retail performance. Moreover, our findings underscore the importance of balancing the rewardsgiven for different types of activities in contexts where agents face multiple competing tasks. Key words: incentives; multitasking agent; retailoperations;...
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...TENNIS RECOVERY A Comprehensive Review of the Research Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Tennis Recovery: A Comprehensive Review of the Research Copyright © 2010 United States Tennis Association Inc. ISBN 978-0-692-00528-6 Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, Todd S. Ellenbecker, W. Ben Kibler TENNIS RECOVERY A Comprehensive Review of the Research A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD Introduction In the last two decades, physical training and competitive opportunities have increased dramatically in junior, collegiate and professional tennis. This arose due to a multitude of factors, but much of it has stemmed from an increase in knowledge and understanding of scientifically based training programs focused on improving performance. As this focus on performance has increased, the area of recovery has received relatively limited focus. Recovery is a multi-faceted paradigm focusing on recovery from training—session to session, day to day and week to week. Recovery is also vitally important during training as well as in competition between matches and between days during multi-day tournaments. As more information is needed in the area of tennis specific recovery, the Sport Science Committee of the United States Tennis Association (USTA) sponsored an extensive evidence-based...
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