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Gun Violence and the Impact on Children and Teens

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GUN VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN AND TEENS Every year in this country, thousands of children and teens are killed by gun violence. Those who live in the lower class are in constant fear of being killed or maimed during acts of violence. Drug deals, gang wars, racial wars, and random school shootings such as Sandy Hook Elementary School, tells America there are no safe places in this country that does not have some kind of violence. According to the Children’s Defense Fund, there are more infants, toddlers, and preschool children killed than officers who are in the line of duty. Firearm deaths in the United States stated that in 2010, there were 2,711 infant, children, and teens killed by gun violence (CDC 2012). Between 1981 and 2010, gun violence killed 112.375 infants, children, and teens. This is 25,000 more deaths than the number of soldiers killed in Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan combined (Children’s Defense Fund 2013). Of these deaths, 1,982 were murders by gun violence. Every state between 2000 and 2010 lost children to gun violence with the deadliest of these in Alaska with an 8.7 gun deaths for every 100,000 children (Children’s Defense Fund 2013). The deadliest state was Alaska with 8.7 gun deaths for every 100,000 children and teens each year, more than twice the nationwide rate of 3.6. While Alaska was 21 times more deadly for children and teens, the safest state in the nation is Hawaii. While all the states in this country has dealt with children’s’ death from gun violence suicide is also on the rise. More kids are suffering from depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, substance abuse, and bullying has given rise to gun violence against one’s self. Each day in America, five children or teens commit suicide.
GUN VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN AND TEENS Gun violent statistics states that 19,393 suicides in the United States in 2010 constituted almost 62% of all gun deaths. Over 59% of all suicides are committed using a gun. On average in the years between 2005 and 2010, forty-nine gun suicides had been committed. About 40% of the United States population, which is white males, accounted for over 80% of firearm suicide in 2010. Also in 2010, firearms were used in nearly all suicide deaths among those under the age of 25 year olds. This makes up nearly 44% of all suicides. More than 75% of guns used in suicide attempts and unintentional injuries of 0-19 year-olds were stored in the residence of the victim, a relative, or a friend. Those who are affected by gun violence are young people between the ages of 15 and 24. These age groups, according the National Institute of Justice (n.d.) are more likely to be targeted by gun violence as opposed to other forms of violence. This age group can obtain guns easily through illegal dealings, which they claim to carry in self-defense. It may be said that most gun related homicides is most prevalent among gangs and felony crimes. Homicides committed with firearms peaked in 1993 at a staggering number of 17,075 after which the figure steadily fell, reaching a low of 10,117 in 1999. In 2006 gun- related homicides started to increase slightly to a high of 11,547 in 2006 and falling back down in 2008 to 10,869 (Cooper, Alexia,& Erica Smith, 1980-2008). Gun violence has touched every part of our country. The probability of deaths increases in domestic violence raises the likelihood of fatalities by those who injure others and among those who attempt suicide. Gun violence also places children and young people at special risk in homes and at schools where there has been a number of mass school shootings since 1999.
GUN VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN AND TEENS
The deadliest of these occurred in Blacksburg, Va. in April of 2007 a Virginia Tech. The school had suffered 33 deaths on that fateful day. The second most deadly school shooting happened at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Ct. December 14, 2012. Twenty-eight fatalities occurred that day. In addition, the third deadliest shooting happened April 4, 1999 at Columbine High School in Littleton, CO. at the Columbine High School with a total of 15 deaths. This site has recorded 387 school shootings since 1992. That is 387 tragedies. Some get national attention while others do not, but they are all devastating. Children between the ages of 5-14 in America are 13 times more likely to be murdered with guns as children in other industrialized countries (Hemenway, D n.d.). With all these school shootings and violence that the nation’s children are facing today, there are special coalitions to crack down on gun violence by making it harder to purchase guns. Yet even with stricter laws, children can still find a way to get any guns. A problem America does not need is more gun violence. To help curb this problem against our children and young adults, there needs to more advanced public health strategies that include much more data and studies on gun violence as well as changes in gun policies, design modifications to guns, and convening of a wide range of collaborators. It will take time, but just as with smoking, cultural norms around firearms will change, said Deborah Prothrow-Stith, MD, an adjunct professor at the Harvard School of Public Health. “We have a problem in the United States we don’t have to have,” said Prothrow-Stith, who was the first woman public health commissioner of Massachusetts. Prothrow-Stith stated that is in fact a preventable problem. She also said that here are many things we can do about this problem.
GUN VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN AND TEENS Public health influences the powerful evidence demonstrated by guns and violence. Stephen Teret, director of the John Hopkins Center for Law and the Public Health and the founding director of the Center for Gun Policy and Research states that death by guns is the number one cause of certain population groups including young African American men. Guns are being used in gang violence, school shootings, partner abuse, assassinations, burglaries, and suicide. The last data released from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention was in 2010. The report that the CDC did has stated that 31,672 Americans died from firearms and the regularity of mass shootings. Of that total, 11,078 were homicides, 19,392 were suicides, and 606 were unintentional deaths. On an average day, according to the CDC, there have been more than 250 people who were shot and suffering from serious damage to the spinal cord, and traumatic injuries and more than 85 of them had died. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) have had their hands tied according to advocates for gun control. President Obama asked Vice President Biden, after the school shooting in Newtown, Conn. to lead a group task force with drafting policies to reduce gun violence. While the ATF is the main enforcer on the nation’s gun laws, advocates and former ATF officials say the agency is understaffed, underfunded, and handcuffed in its abilities to go after gun crimes. "The restrictions on ATF are absurd," says Jon Lowy of the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. "They are not allowed to use computers in doing their trace work. They are not allowed to do more than one spot inspection on a gun dealer" (2013). There are too many restrictions on the ATF. They are not allowed the use of computers to do any trace work. They are also not allowed to do more than one spot inspection on a gun dealer. In the last six years,
GUN VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN AND TEENS

there has not been a permanent ATF director since Bush was in office. Because of the lack of leadership, the ATF has become crippled. "You need somebody there who has ownership and is going to be there for the long haul and can start projecting a couple years out, versus people who are just brought in for a temporary fix," (Bouchard M 2013). ATF is also having issues with gun laws. Because Congress will not allow a centralized database for guns, tracing weapons used in crimes means a lot of legwork. This is what former ATF agent William Vizzard had to say: "They have to contact the manufacturer or importer, who tells them, 'Oh, on July 14, 2009, we shipped that gun to Buckeye Sporting Goods, a wholesaler.' Then you contact Buckeye Sporting Goods, and they say, 'Oh, yeah, we received that gun four days later and we shipped it out to Billy Bob's Bait and Tackle Shop.' Then you go to Billy Bob and you say, 'OK, what do your records say?' "(2013). While the ATF is allowed to inspect a gun dealer once a year, advocates say that the ATF should be able to inspect gun dealers more than that. Gun dealers need to keep better track of their inventory. There are more than 100,000 guns missing from dealers’ shelves and according to the Brady Center’s Lowry, many of those guns may have been sold off the books to criminals. An easy way for the ATF to have better control of weaponry from firearms dealers is to do inspections more than once a year. Dealers should have to be made to do their inventory at least every year. By better mandating stricter rules and regulations on gun dealers, maybe the number of children and teens who die every day from violent crimes or suicide will start to decrease.
References
Children’s Defense Fund (CDF). (2014). State of America’s children 2014. Retrieved from http://www.childrensdefense.org/chiresearch-data-publications/state-of-americas-children/

Children’s Defense Fund Protect Children, Not Guns www.childrensdefense.org/.../data/gun-deaths-by-state.pdf

Gun Control Advocates Say ATF's Hands Have Been Tied http://www.childrensdefense.org/custom-search-results.html?q=gun%20control#sthash.FyS6ngrI.dpuf

David C. Grossman, Donald T. Reay & Stephanie A. Baker, Self-inflicted & Unintentional Firearm Injuries Among Children & Adolescents: The Source of the Firearm, 153 Archives Pediatric & Adolescent Med. 875 (Aug. 1999), at http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/153/8/875.

Gun Violence Needs To Stop ! http://sbcoalition.org/2011/01/gun-violence-children/

Gun Violence Is ‘A Problem We Don’t Need to Have ... http://www.phi.org/news-events/503/gun-violence-is-a-problem-we-dont-need-to-have-the-public-health-approach

http://nij.gov/topics/crime/gun-violence/Pages/welcome.aspx

http://smartgunlaws.org/category/gun-studies-statistics/gun-violence-statistics/

GUN VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN AND TEENS

Crimes and Gun Violence on Each Child in the United States

5 Children or teens commit suicide
7 Children or teens are killed by guns
24 Children or teens die by accident shootings
187 Children are arrested for committing a violent crime using guns
408 Children are arrested for drug crimes using guns
2857 High school students are drop-outs *
4028 Children are arrested for crimes

(*) Based on 180 school days a year

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