...Guyana From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Not to be confused with French Guiana or Guinea. For other uses, see Guyana (disambiguation). Coordinates: 5°00′N 58°45′W Co-operative Republic of Guyana[1] Flag Coat of arms Motto: "One People, One Nation, One Destiny" Anthem: "Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains" Capital (and largest city) Georgetown 6°46′N 58°10′W Official language(s) English Recognised regional languages Portuguese, Hindi, Spanish, Akawaio, Macushi, Wai Wai, Arawak, Patamona, Warrau, Carib, Wapishiana, Arekuna National language Guyanese Creole Ethnic groups (2002) East Indian 43.5% Black (African) 30.2% Mixed 16.7% Amerindian 9.1% Other 0.5%[2][3] Demonym Guyanese Government Unitary Semi-presidential republic - President Donald Ramotar - Prime Minister Sam Hinds Legislature National Assembly Independence - from the United Kingdom 26 May 1966 - Republic 23 February 1970 Area - Total 214,970 km2 (84th) 83,000 sq mi - Water (%) 8.4 Population - July 2010 estimate 752,940[2]1 (161st) - 2002 census 751,223[3] - Density 3.502/km2 (225th) 9.071/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate - Total $5.783 billion[4] - Per capita $7,465[4] GDP (nominal) 2011 estimate - Total $2.480 billion[4] - Per capita $3,202[4] HDI (2010) 0.611[5] (medium) (107th) Currency Guyanese dollar (GYD) Time zone GYT Guyana Time (UTC-4) Drives on the left ISO 3166 code GY Internet TLD .gy Calling code 592 1 Around...
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...3 Life after Burnham: Economic revival and the obstacles to sustainable development Investigating the factors that have led to significant underdevelopment in Guyana, what practical solutions can be suggested to help improve the economic and political performance of this state? Burnham’s death whilst undergoing throat surgery in 1985 brought a natural end to the PNC’s cooperative socialist regime; a regime that caused two decades of extreme terror and suffering to all in Guyana, as explored in chapter two. The need for change was undeniable and such an event provided Desmond Hoyte ‘with the opportunity to break with some old PNC practices’. The recognition of the need for free enterprise in order to re-stimulate the optimism of a whole population formed the basis of Hoyte’s, and subsequent presidents’, prevailing actions. This chapter sets out to explore the extent to which Guyana has since broken free from the shackles of socialism as a result of various government and international institution-led initiatives, and explores the impact on Guyanese development as a result. By analysing the initial success of the IMF-World Bank backed austerity and recovery program implemented in 1988; CARICOM’s aim to break down the divide between the ‘core’ states and the Caribbean as a ‘peripheral’ region; and the effect of regular financial aid as a result of Guyana’s status as a heavily indebted poor country (HIPC), one quickly realises the apparent commitment of Guyanese governments...
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...Care in Guyana It is my choice to oppose those who say the Guyanese people are Oppressed It is my choice to laugh at those who condemn our history for the are dared to repeat it It is my choice to support the Donald Ramoutar’s Government And it will remain my choice to stay true to myself and stand up for what I believe in No we do not have the perfect system. No we do not have the perfect Nurses. No we do not have the perfect Doctors. No we do not have the perfect Facilities. But ask yourself ….. Are the nurses/doctors/ other health care workers the ones who urine and defecate on the floors? Are the nurses/doctors/ other health care workers the ones who break the cistern every single day? Are the nurses/doctors/ other health care workers the ones who shove plastic bottles, sanitary napkins and cloth down the toilet bowls? Are the nurses/doctors/ other health care workers the ones who throw garbage all over the compound even though there are bins everywhere? NO, they are the ones who have to clean it every single day, they are ones who are faced with criticisms and insults every single day, and they are the ones who never get a smile or a thank you not even a single day. They are the ones who work for their wages and try their best to ensure that their families are clothed and fed. They are the ones who are always there in your time of need and they are the ones who do not ask you to pay before you get medical attention. If the Government of Guyana changes...
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...Abstract This paper will show some general data on Guyana’s economic organizational functions and structure as well as it economic condition. Guyana one the poorest and tiniest country in South America has made great strides in becoming independent. The important part that it plays in the Caribbean Community was founding the Common Market (CARICOM). Guyana’s standing as one of the party’s poorest associates restricts its capability to exercise authority in local activities. Macroeconomics Guyana is now known as the Cooperative Republic of Guyana. This country is situated on the northern coast of South America. This country was formerly recognized as the British Guiana and with the Dutch and British as a former colony (about.com, 2012). Guyana is the third tiniest country of South America and its official language is English. Also, Guyana is considered a part of the Anglophone Caribbean; the independent English-speaking Caribbean region (about.com, 2012). Today Guyana is deemed as a republic with an executive branch of government filled by the president and the prime minister. Some of the concerns with the economy are that The Guyanese economy displayed modest economic progression in recent years and is centered mainly on agriculture and extractive industries (state.gov, 2011). The economy is very much reliant on the distributing of 6 goods which are: sugar, gold, and bauxite, shrimp, timber, and rice which speaks for approximately 60% of the country's GDP and are...
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...Abstract This is a project in the form of an essay which focuses on the life of Walter A. Rodney. This essay includes Walter A. Rodney historical background, major ideas, his contribution to the Caribbean development, his impact on world affairs and his weaknesses. Content Page Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Historical Background……………………………………………………………….. 4 Major Ideas…………………………………………………………………………… 5 Contribution to Caribbean Development……………………………………………. 8 Impact on World Affairs…………………………………………………………….. 9 Weakness……………………………………………………………………………. 10 Reference……………………………………………………………………………. 12 Introduction “For the only great men among the unfree and the oppressed are those who struggle to destroy the oppressor” (The Grounding With My Brothers, pg. 131). Walter A. Rodney otherwise known as 'Brother Wally' was a charismatic Caribbean intellectual. Rodney’s humanity poured out of his personality with a profound sense of the personal. He was articulate and well-spoken, well-educated and informed, a personable listener and one who was in tune with the 'grassroots'. He was able to fuse his knowledge of history, especially African history, with liberation politics. Many of his talks can be found in his book "The Groundings with My Brothers," however a brief portrait does no justice to the heritage he left. Walter A. Rodney was a revolutionary and scholar that combined his scholarship...
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...dependent on firm level capabilities rather on its national traditional products. The process of globalization at Guysuco has led to the development of competitive capabilities which has brought about intense partnership and interaction with global corporations. Additionally, the emergence of computer and internet has led to advanced information technology where the world of business has resulted in emergence of new types of businesses and new ways of organizing it. This 21st century has encountered rapid changes in the global economy. Every business will encounter growing pains and unexpected curves when venturing into international markets. Doing business overseas do require a variety of vendors and partners. In recent years, Companies in Guyana such as Guysuco are forced to take a strategic decision when thinking of expanding internationally. These...
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...Jonestown happened in the past over 30 years and it still has been suspense from the bottom of the heart of everyone. Jim Jones is known as a American leader culture, is one of the most popular historian of America and Guyana’s history as well as the world’s history (Wilkinson, B, 2011). There are many books, articles, video clips described, discussed as well as argued about Jim Jones and Jonestown event. In this research paper as known as a social psychology essay , one more time, I would like write, persuasion, and argue about Jim Jones and what his had done in the past. Furthermore, the paper will describe and discuss in detail about Jonestown events and other concerned that related to this event which gave shock to American society, Guyana, and the rest of the world. Who is Jim Jones? First of all, I would like to introduce about him as well as his life. Jim Jones is a son of James Jones who had a poor health by poisonous gasses in the World War One; and he was a son of a woman named Lynetta in a factory in Indiana. Jim Jones learned from his Mom that he should love animal and care for the people who have underprivileged; and she expected that her son would come a ministered when he grow up. Even though Jim Jones was a noisy child and along with neighborhood children but he still followed his Mom, he loved and kinds to all kinds of animals and underprivileged people. His parents divorced in 1945 and moved to Richmond, Indiana. A few years later, he married to Maceline...
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...John Agard John Agard was born in 1949 in British Guyana and moved to England in 1977. He is a playwright, poet and short story writer. His poetry reflects on the linguistic and cultural clashes between immigrant and British culture. Even though the themes in his poems are serious, he writes them with a humorous approach. He has travelled the world with his poetry and introduced the Caribbean culture to people around the world. http://www.poetryarchive.org/poet/john-agard Analysis The poem is called ‘Listen Mr Oxford don’ and it was written in 1985. The title gives the reader a desire to find out what the author wants to tell the don. It also gives the impression that the poem is a proclamation to the don and that the author is angry with the don. The poem is written in a first person speak from John Agard’s point of view. He expresses his anger towards the ‘don’. In the poem, it say that he is an immigrant and that he did not graduate. He expresses a threat towards the don: “I’m a man on de run, and a man on the run, is a dangerous one” and “I warning you Mr Oxford don, I’m a wanted man, and a wanted man is a dangerous one”. He is angry because people is accusing him of being dangerous because of his language and different looks and culture. Language What is standard English in the text and what is not? He writes ‘de’ instead of ‘the’ and “I ent have no knife” instead of “I don’t have a knife”. He also writes “yu” instead of “your”, “dem” instead of “they”...
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...Jonestown Section I: The Event One of the more disturbing incidents in American History is the Jonestown Massacre that occurred on November 18th, 1978 in Georgetown, Guyana. It was the largest loss of civilian life in a non-natural tragedy until the attacks of September 11th, 2001. 909 lives were lost under the hand of Jim Jones who had cultivated a following of people over twenty-plus years. Jim Jones started his first church, named The Peoples Temple, in the mid-1950’s in Indianapolis, Indiana (I). From the beginning, he preached a message of socialism and communism. Upon scrutiny of his tactics and teachings, he moved The Peoples Temple to Redwood Valley, California in 1965 and shortly after headquarters were set up in San Francisco. The Peoples Templecame into the public eye when eight defectors and negative media spoke out against the church. Jim Jones decided at this point to move his church to Georgetown, Guyana where the chilling events of November 18th would eventually unfold. To better understand how such a tragedy could occur it is important to understand the background of Jim Jones. Jones was born in Indianaand from an early age expressed interest in socialism and communism, studying the works and lives of Stalin, Marx, Gandhi, and Hitler among others. As he grew older, he became more and more politically involved in the communism movement, joining the Communist Party USA in 1951 (II). Jones was surprised with the reaction he received from Americans when he...
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...Drinking the Kool-Aid? On November 18, 1978, at a commune often called “Jonestown” in the jungle of Guyana, 900 people died in a mass murder/suicide; all were members of the Peoples Temple, an American religious cult. At the request of their leader, men and women administered lethal doses of cyanide-laced punch to over 300 infants and children before gulping down their own. How could so many people be convinced to kill their babies and themselves? His name was James Warren Jones. Like his idol, Hitler, he was a dominant propagandist, a charismatic leader, and an evil human being. Summaries In the piece “Propaganda under a Dictatorship” (1958/2016), Aldous Huxley, renowned English novelist, and Oxford graduate expands on ideas he first presented in his 1932 novel, Brave New World, which examines a futuristic culture in which no individual thought takes form. Huxley’s essay explores the practical use of propaganda by Adolph Hitler in controlling the minds of eighty million German people in the years leading to the Second World War. He examines, with chilling account, Hitler’s...
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...and his wife brought attention among themselves when they adopted a part Native American child. He would preach about topics most people would avoid far as, racial equality and integration. Jones was determining that hos church participated in the progressing civil rights movement. Jim Jones desegregated in hospital, local businesses restaurants and movie theaters. Soon people who disagreed with Jones actions became to feel threatened and sought out to intimidate Jones. He travelled to Brazil with intentions of relocating his Temples congregation. He soon moved his multi-racial church to Northern California. Jim Jones brought an up roar in California and began to be very paranoid to think he had people wanting to attack him. He moves to Guyana Building homes for his followers and his family. Jones had over just about a 1,000 people with in his congregation. The town that jones build for his followers was starting to be ran as a prison camp. There was little food no one was allowed to leave, he had armed...
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...Don’t Drink the Kool Aid On November 18, 1978 what has been called the largest mass suicide in modern history occurred in Jonestown, Guyana where 909 members of The Peoples Temple died. Jim Jones was the leader of the Peoples Temple Church and religious movement. The church was looked highly upon by many back in the 1950-1970’s. All races and backgrounds were brought together as one in his congregation. Religion serves as a sanctuary from the harshness of everyday life and oppression by the powerful. Most of Jones’s followers lived lives that they were dissatisfied with and they felt as if the movement gave them a purpose. Many of his followers believed that Jim brought more opportunities into their lives and allowed them to change for the better. The story of Jim Jones and The Life and Death of Peoples Temple is very interesting and brings up many sociological questions and viewpoints. Jim Jones grew up in Indiana. He was brought up in a very dysfunctional family. His father was an alcoholic, didn’t work, and was strongly racist. His mother had to constantly work to make ends meet and support her family. Many childhood friends of Jim’s remember him as being a very strange boy. One of his childhood friends told a story of Jim killing a cat with a knife at the age of 5. Jim spoke strongly of religion and death as a child. These things today are taken much more seriously and would have been considered huge red flags that would lead to Jim’s tragic future. As Jim grew up it was...
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...1956, the Peoples Temple in Indianapolis, Indiana. Most churches were segregated at that time, but Jim Jones offered a utopian view of what society could become. He was a charismatic man who demanded loyalty and preached of sacrifice. His church established soup kitchens and homes for elderly and also helped people find jobs. In 1966, he moved the church to California because it seemed more open to an integrationist church than Indiana had been. About 65 families followed him. Many did not know how complex and unbalanced he actually was. The church was transforming into a cult centered around Jim Jones. Jim envisioned a communist community where everyone lived in harmony and worked for the common good. Jones found a remote location in Guyana and leased some land to establish his community,...
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...On November 18, 1978, in what is known as the “Jonestown Massacre,” more than 900 members of an American cult died in a mass suicide-murder under their leader Jim Jones. The mass suicide-murder took place at the Jonestown settlement in the South American nation of Guyana. James founded what turned into the Peoples Temple. Jones moved to Guyanese jungle where he made the Peoples Temple into what was supposed to be a real life paradise. Who would've thought that a gift from Heaven would later on turn out to be a gift from Hell in 1978. Jim Jones began his own religion at a young age and he often visited different churches in his area. As Jones’s knowledge grew on religions he began taking what he learned and going to houses preaching and he also preached to younger children. He was no normal teenage boy he wasn’t so much into sports, he believed to be sinful, he liked to drink and dance. After he had gathered a good amount of followers he had developed a church of his own. Jones was the leader of his church named, “the Peoples Temple” and he demanded loyalty and preached sacrifice. He believed the American Capitalism was the reason for unhealthy balance in the world. The rich had too much money and the poor worked to hard to try to get money. The Peoples Temple helped people find jobs and was suppose to be fair. Jones church was growing and was very successful, until investigations began and Jones decided it was time to move the Peoples Temple to a different location. Jim Jones...
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...himself as messiah (A leader or a saviour) and he promised all his followers a utopia. They Believed that the bible was full of lies and contradictions therefore they rejected the bible and turned to radical sources. Although at the start they relied on the bible. (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, n.d) Time Line: April 4th 1955 – Wings of Deliverance (McGehee & Beck, 2013) October 1st 1961 – Jim Jones had a vision of a nuclear war in Indianapolis and Chicago. (McGehee & Beck, 2013) July 1st 1965 – Changes locations from Indiana to Ukiah, California. (McGehee & Beck, 2013) February 1st 1976– The Peoples’ Temples obtains 3852 acres of land in Guyana for Jonestown. (McGehee & Beck, 2013) 1977 – Jim Jones persuaded his followers to move to Jonestown (CNN, 2003) November 15th 1978 - Congressman Leo Ryan and his party arrive at Guyana to investigate. (CNN, 2003) November 18th – Twelve people injured and six people assassinated including Ryan at the air strip in Kaituma. As well as nine-hundred plus members died from murder and/or suicide in Jonestown. (McGehee & Beck, 2013) Argument There are many different views on the whether the massacre in Jonestown was a murder or suicide. Many people believe that it was suicide. However there is a lot of evidence to prove that it was murder rather than suicide, “there were reports that a lot of the members were forced to sign false confessions.” (Latson, 2014) If the leader was able to force his members to sign false confessions, what makes...
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