...“HPV vaccine cuts abnormal pap smears in 4 years” Skin & Allergy news 39.4(Apr 2008) P43 Abnormal Pap tests and cervical procedures have already declined markedly among young women who were vaccinated against the human papillomavirus in three pivotal clinical trials, according to data presented in Tampa at the annual meeting of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists.****rewrite in your own words. Comparison of 4,696 vaccinated women with 4,759 women in placebo groups showed reductions of 19% in colposcopy, 22% in cervical biopsy, and 42% in excisional therapy at an average follow-up of 3.3 years after the first dose of the quadrivalent vaccine (Gardisil/Silgard) against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18. (Macneil, 2008) The end-of-study data reported came from three large efficacy trials sponsored by Merck & Co., maker of the vaccine. All told, the studies randomized 18,150 women aged 16-26 years to the vaccine or a placebo. Participants had cervicovaginal sampling and Pap smears on their first day in the studies and were followed with Pap smears every 6-12 months for up to 48 months. Median follow-up was 4 years from day 1.****what the study is The most dramatic reduction was 43% in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) seen on Pap smears. Although the drop was substantial, the numbers were small with only 41 cases in the placebo group and 24 among vaccinated women. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) declined by 14%...
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...Discussion Paper on Age of First Invitation for Cervical Screening and Frequency of Invitation of Cervical Screening for Women aged 50 to 64 years Authors: Dr Sharon Hillier, Miss Helen Beer, Dr Shantini Paranjothy, Dr Rosemary Fox, Mr Bryan Rose and Professor Hilary Fielder. Screening Division Public Health Wales NHS Trust Based on papers prepared by Professor Hilary Fielder and Mr Huw Brunt Date: May 2011 Version: 1 Publication/ Distribution: Public Health Wales (Intranet) Welsh Assembly Government Review Date: Review in May 2012 or sooner if new information or evidence is available. Purpose and Summary of Document: The current policy for Wales is that women aged between 20 and 64 years are invited for cervical screening every three years. Scotland invite women aged between 20-60 years every three years. England and Northern Ireland invite women from 25 years of age and reduce the frequency of invitations to every 5 years for those aged between 50 and 64 years. The purpose of this document is to review the evidence on which the age of Cervical Screening Wales, Screening Division, Public Health Wales Discussion paper on age of first invitation and frequency of invitation invitation and frequency of invitation is based and to discuss the implications of changes for the female population of Wales, for Cervical Screening Wales and for NHS Wales. Work Plan reference: Cervical Screening Wales, Screening Division. Date: May 2011 Version 1 Page: 2 of 50 Cervical Screening...
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...FACULTY OF ACCOUNTANCY, FINANCE AND BUSINESS 2015/2016 ABBE 3173 CONSUMER ECONOMICS GROUP WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Topic: SKYROCKETING HEALTH CARE COSTS |Name |Student ID |Signature | |Gan Shid Ney |14WBD03548 | | |Goh Zi Yuan | | | |Yeng Kah Yi | | | | | | | Program : Diploma In Business Economic Tutorial Group : 1 Assignment Group : 2 | |Assessment |Marks Allocation |Comments | | | | | | | | | | | |1. |Introduction |5 marks | | |2. |Content...
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...causes over 270,000 deaths every year (WHO, 2015). If I was diagnosed with Cervical Cancer I would be devastated and would at that moment feel my life is over. There are many cultural biases associated with Cervical Cancer such as having a hysterectomy, losing sexual pleasure and immediate thoughts of death. A primary prevention method of Cervical Cancer is vaccination against HPV(Human Papillomavirus). HPV is the leading cause for most cases of Cervical Cancer and teenage girls should begin the vaccine around the age of 9. A secondary prevention method is casual screenings for early diagnosis or genetic testing to identify persons who carry genes associated with the condition (Coreil, 93). I would chose the primary prevention method which takes the necessary step to prevent the leading cause of Cancer which is HPV. Two tertiary methods when dealing with Cervical Cancer are treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy and Palliative Care which is care given to people with serious medical illnesses; they provide relief and comfort to the patient and family to improve quality of life (WHO, 2015). The social ecology of health model can be used to address cervical cancer starting at the intrapersonal level. Many people have the psychological mind frame that if they don't feel sick they shouldn't go to the doctor. This causes late detection within illnesses and allows the disease to spread. The organizational level many health organizations can take further necessary steps to spread the...
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...Prevalence of Oral human papillomavirus Infection in the United States, 2009-2010 Protection of Human Participants Gillison et al., (2012), used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to establish the widespread of oral Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the United States. There was a sample of 5571 participants used to conduct the study. NHANES explains the benefits of participating in the research study are that the participants receive free examinations in which there are measurements and tests that are not a part of a routine exam done in the physician office. Participants benefited by having many important tests performed free of charge while they also gain new insight into their health. They receive a preliminary report of findings from the test performed after their examinations are completed. To maintain confidentiality, the participants are given a password and number to call for their results when they were tested for sexually transmitted diseases. Regardless of age, every participant receives a cash payment as a "thank-you" for their time and effort. NHANES will also reimburse participants for transportation and baby and elder care (NHANES 2009-2010). According to NHANES, the participants are selected through a complex statistical process using the most current census information. NHANES 2009-2010 divides the United States into communities. The communities are divided into neighborhoods. The neighborhoods are selected at random. From...
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...To analyze the efficacy of 'Nanopatch Technology' as a potential vaccine delivery system Introduction: More than 17 million people die every year from infectious diseases –most in low resource regions – and many of these lives could be saved by appropriate vaccinations. (UNDP, 1996) Whilst public and private research initiatives continue, to develop novel vaccines for many diseases, the issue of how best to formulate, package, distribute and administer these vaccines across the world remains a significant unsolved problem. Most vaccines have been delivered by the needle and syringe, however this technology has several important disadvantages including needlestick injuries, disease transmission through needle reuse, (Ekwueme et al., 2002) limited thermostability, the need for training/ expertise for administration, lack of targeting to immune rich regions of the body, and the issues of pain/phobia that result in avoidance of medical care in nearly 10% of the population. One of the ways to meet the vaccination challenges worldwide is to engineer better ways of administering vaccines in a simple and effective way to more people than is currently the case (Hickling et al., 2011). Hypodermic needles were first introduced in the 1850s and since then, intramuscular injection of vaccines has been the most popular delivery method due to its ease of administration (Mitragotri, 2005). However, this technology has several disadvantages. Firstly, muscle contains relatively few antigen presenting...
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...Community Teaching Experience I chose to do my teaching project at a community festival, Edgewater Founders Day 2015, honoring their founding. I was fortunate enough to have made friends with a couple of individuals that were of indescribable assistance. First was the group that allowed me to present my platform at their booth during the founder’s day celebration,The Golden Girls for Glory (Faith Based Social Club). A group of ladies that, by virtue of age, are considered older adults. They belong to varying church congregations of various faiths but come together regularly for community based activities and sponsor many events. Secondly, one of the Golden Girl’s husbands runs a printing shop and donated his time and much of the printed material, not the least of which were the banners for the canopy on the booth at the venue for the festival. The organizers of the event provided the tote bags, canopy and chairs. A local restaurant supplier married to another Golden Girl donated disposable shot glasses upon which stickers were applied. The Golden Girls Event Coordinator is the best friend of my roommate and was struggling to find a theme for their booth this year, and I just happened to be present during her conversation about her dilemma. When I asked if she would consider allowing me to do my presentation as their theme we were all ecstatic. My chosen topic was entitled “HAVE A SHOT>>>ITS GOOD FOR WHAT AILS YOU” An educational presentation for the promotion of health...
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...BIOL 3332 Spring 2016 Unit 1/Exam 1 Review (Chapters 1, 3, 6, and part of 4) A. Chapter 1 Microbial Life: Origin & Discovery a. Impact of microbiology on our lives i. Ecology, public health, biotechnology, knowledge of cell biology and genetics b. Defining what a microbe is: * a microbe is a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen c. Where did microbes come from? Evolutionary origins, fossil evidence; prokaryotic cells eukaryotic cells * bacteria is the oldest known life form. Oldest datable geographical evidence was 3.8 bya * eukayotic cells arose from divergent prokaryotic lines. Endosymbioses came from mitochondria and chloroplasts. Unicellular types came from simple multicellular forms metazoans; significance of cyanobacterial ancestors * presence of cyanobacteria-like chains of cells in stomatolite fossils represent growth of cyanobacteria * cyanobacteria photosynthesize like plants; they use H2O to synthesize O2. d. Microbial taxonomy & phylogeny (3 domains: Archaea, Bacteria, & Eukarya ) * the 3 domains (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes) evolved from a common cell * Archaea and bacteria include prokaryotes * Eukarya includes algae, plants, fungi, animals, and protists eukaryotes * Monera includes all 3 domains i. Taxonomic groupings: microbes in the different kingdoms of those domains ii. Similarities & differences: eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells; genomes iii. Metagenomics e....
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...P5 - explain health promotion and protection Health Promotion This is the process of allowing people to have more control over their health as this will help improve their health and well-being. It focuses on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and interventions. Health promotion is how health is shown for example to challenge obesity change 4 life is used so people can have a guidance on how to make their lifestyle healthier. It also shows that health promotion is aimed at individuals whose health is at risk from any diseases from lifestyle factors, which lets individuals take control over their health. By being able to have control over their health it shows individuals what may have happened if nothing was done of it which reduces individuals getting the disease again because they are able to control it. This action of health promotion is encouraging people to take action towards their own health so it is not forcing or done to people it is done by them and with them. It is built on a belief system. There are many approaches to health promotion. Which are; Medical approach, behaviour change approach, educational approach, Empowerment approach and social change. An example would be the medical approach. The medical approach is aimed to identify the people that are at risk of certain diseases. Another approach would be the educational approach. This is an attempt to educate more people on health and being able to manage their own health for diet. This gives...
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...BMJ 2011;342:d1766 doi: 10.1136/bmj.d1766 Research Methods & Reporting Page 1 of 6 RESEARCH METHODS & REPORTING Economic evaluation using decision analytical modelling: design, conduct, analysis, and reporting Evidence relating to healthcare decisions often comes from more than one study. Decision analytical modelling can be used as a basis for economic evaluations in these situations. Stavros Petrou professor of health economics 1, Alastair Gray professor of health economics 2 1 Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; 2Health Economics Research Centre, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Economic evaluations are increasingly conducted alongside randomised controlled trials, providing researchers with individual patient data to estimate cost effectiveness.1 However, randomised trials do not always provide a sufficient basis for economic evaluations used to inform regulatory and reimbursement decisions. For example, a single trial might not compare all the available options, provide evidence on all relevant inputs, or be conducted over a long enough time to capture differences in economic outcomes (or even measure those outcomes).2 In addition, reliance on a single trial may mean ignoring evidence from other trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies. Under these circumstances, decision analytical modelling provides an alternative framework for economic evaluation. Decision analytical...
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...There are some issues that affect the health care industry negatively and positively. There issues with the pharmaceutical companies, the drugs pricing in America, the impact of different medical career trends, why has the numbers for health care professionals decline over the years, the effect of the different health care policy and what kind of development need to help fix this already crumbling health care industry. There have out cried from the public to congress and health care professionals to help elevate this issue from the American people suffering. There have been little or no definite and concrete solution on their part and the American people are suffering the consequences of high health care bills. This has led to stress on the pharmaceuticals companies all across the United States. The pharmaceutical market is looking forward to the by the year 2020 the United Sates pharmaceutical sales will double fifth globally. The issue with increase of chronic disease will increase in the develop world as it is the under develop world, if there is no effort to improve the health care system. Some of the example is the rising cost of drugs on the American people. The United States people pay a high cost on drugs than any other develop country. This one of the injustice in the health Care industry has must be taken care of in the future to come. The United States forbid the selling of drugs or important it in the United Sates even if that drug has met the FDA requirement...
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...Vulnerable Populations Complete the following assignment of the total 100 points for this module and submit this in Blackboard assignments. You will need to utilize the following chapters (31-38) in the Stanhope and Lancaster book to assist you with this assignment. Name: Trevalla Eggleston__________________ Date: _04/11/2013__________________ I. Complete the following activities which will count for a total of 50 points 1. Complete the following table. (Type your answers into the table.) (10 points /.5 each) |Vulnerable Population |Common Health Problems |Identify Health Strategies to improve health | |Poor and Homeless |HIV/AIDS; substance abuse;depression;COPD;Musculoskeleral|Preventative services related to homelessness | | |problems; malnutrition; tuberculosis; mental/psychiatric |include providing adequate housing, education | | |illness |on proper dieting, shelter, and free or | | | |affordable health care. | |Pregnant Adolescents |Low pregnancy birth rates; sexual transmitted infections |Provide services for adolescents that are | | | |pregnant. Provide...
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...Emerging Trends in Healthcare A Journey from Bench to Bedside 17 February 2011 © 2011 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Acknowledgement India’s competitive advantage lies in the lower production and research cost, its large pool of low cost technical and scientifically trained personnel, and large number of compliance certified manufacturers and service providers, which make us different from others. ASSOCHAM feels that technology incubation is no longer confined to a few institutions; it is a responsibility that we have to share, if we wish to see a better and a healthy future ahead. There is an immense need to develop skilled manpower in the area of healthcare and modern as well as traditional medicines. I am glad that this Summit on Emerging trends in Healthcare will bring forth the journey from research desk to the bedside of patient, as we will look at healthcare at the frontline to identify some common challenges that may help explain the complex nature of healthcare and the scale of the “change” challenge. I wish to thank KPMG for unanimously contributing towards this Knowledge Paper, which gives a rich and comprehensive insight of the trend in healthcare. I would also take the opportunity to thank QCI for supporting this event. The case studies contributed providing the best of...
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...This book has been optimized for viewing at a monitor setting of 1024 x 768 pixels. MADE TO STICK random house a new york MADE TO STICK Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die • • • C H I P H E AT H & D A N H E AT H Copyright © 2007 by Chip Heath and Dan Heath All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. Random House and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heath, Chip. Made to stick : why some ideas survive and others die / Chip Heath & Dan Heath p. cm. Includes index. eISBN: 978-1-58836-596-5 1. Social psychology. 2. Contagion (Social psychology). 3. Context effects (Psychology). I. Heath, Dan. II. Title. HM1033.H43 2007 302'.13—dc22 2006046467 www.atrandom.com Designed by Stephanie Huntwork v1.0 To Dad, for driving an old tan Chevette while putting us through college. To Mom, for making us breakfast every day for eighteen years. Each. C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION WHAT STICKS? 3 Kidney heist. Movie popcorn. Sticky = understandable, memorable, and effective in changing thought or behavior. Halloween candy. Six principles: SUCCESs. The villain: Curse of Knowledge. It’s hard to be a tapper. Creativity starts with templates. CHAPTER 1 SIMPLE 25 Commander’s Intent. THE low-fare airline. Burying the lead and the inverted pyramid. It’s the...
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...A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice. 2. After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine. 3. Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves 4. The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate 5. Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact. positive sweat test. indicative of cystic fibrosis 1. Herbs: Black Cohosh is used to treat menopausal symptoms. When taken with an antihypertensive, it may cause hypotension. Licorice can increase potassium loss and may cause dig toxicity. 2. With acute appendicitis, expect to see pain first then nausea and vomiting. With gastroenitis, you will see nausea and vomiting first then pain. 3. If a patient is allergic to latex, they should avoid apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwi, passion fruit, bananas, avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes and peaches. 4. Do not elevate the stump after an AKA after the first 24 hours, as this may cause flexion contracture. 5. Beta Blockers and ACEI are less effective in African Americans than Caucasians. 1. for the myelogram postop positions. water based dye (lighter) bed elevated. oil based dye heavier bed flat. 2.autonomic dysreflexia- elevated bed first....then check foley...
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